底

See also: 厎

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

底 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹心一 (IHPM) or 戈竹女戈 (IHVI), four-corner 0024₂, composition ⿸广氐)

Derived characters

• 掋, 鯳, 菧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 344, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9262
• Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 878, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5E95

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Chinese

trad.		底
simp. #		底

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (氐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
低	*tiːl
氐	*tiːl, *til
袛	*tiːl
羝	*tiːl
眡	*tiːl, *djilʔ
岻	*tiːl, *dil
奃	*tiːl
趆	*tiːl, *tiːls
柢	*tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls
邸	*tiːlʔ
底	*tiːlʔ
詆	*tiːlʔ, *diːl
坻	*tiːlʔ, *tjelʔ, *dil
抵	*tiːlʔ
牴	*tiːlʔ
觝	*tiːlʔ
弤	*tiːlʔ
軧	*tiːlʔ
骶	*tiːls
砥	*tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils
胝	*til
疷	*til
秪	*til
泜	*dil
蚳	*dil
彽	*dil
阺	*dil
貾	*dil
祗	*tjil
厎	*tjilʔ, *tjɯʔ
茋	*tjilʔ
鴟	*tʰjil
汦	*kjeʔ, *tjil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːlʔ) : semantic 广 (“building”) + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til) – the bottom or base, foundation of a building. Note that 氐 is a figure bowing or stooping, hence connotation of “down”.

Etymology 1

Cognate with 低 (OC *tiːl, “to lower; low”), 柢 (OC *tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls, “root of a tree; base”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dǐ (di³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dai²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tái / tí
• Eastern Min (BUC): dā̤ / dī
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tóe / té / tére / tí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): doi² / doin² / di²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵ti

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dǐ
    • Wade–Giles: ti³
    • Yale: dǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dii
    • Palladius: ди (di)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dǐr
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˇㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dǐr
    • Wade–Giles: ti³-ʼrh
    • Yale: dǐr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dieel
    • Palladius: дир (dir)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiə̯ɻ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dai²
    • Yale: dái
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dai²
    • Guangdong Romanization: dei²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐi̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tái / tí
    • Hakka Romanization System: dai` / di`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dai³ / di³
    • Sinological IPA: /tai̯³¹/, /ti³¹/

Note:

• tái - vernacular;
• tí - literary.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dā̤ / dī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛ³³/, /ti³³/

Note:

• dā̤ - vernacular;
• dī - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tóe
    • Tâi-lô: tué
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doea
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tue⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /tue⁵³/
    • IPA (Lukang): /tue⁵⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: té
    • Tâi-lô: té
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dea
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan): /te⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /te⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tére
    • Tâi-lô: teré
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tí
    • Tâi-lô: tí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: die
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ti⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti⁴¹/

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • té - literary;
  • tóe - vernacular;
  • tí - vernacular (limited, e.g. 到底).
• Zhangzhou:
  • té - literary;
  • tí - vernacular (limited, e.g. 到底).
• Taiwan:
  • té/tóe/tére - vernacular;
  • tí - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: doi² / doin² / di²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tói / tóiⁿ / tí
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toi⁵²/, /tõĩ⁵²/, /ti⁵²/

Note:

• doi2/doin2 - vernacular;
• di2 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵ti
    • MiniDict: ti^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ti
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ti³⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 底
Mandarin	Beijing	/ti²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ti²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ti¹³/
	Jinan	/ti⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ti⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ti⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ti⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ti⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ti⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ti⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ti⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ti⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ti⁴²/
	Kunming	/ti⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ti²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ti⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ti⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ti⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ti³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ti⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ti⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/tei³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ti³⁵/
	Tunxi	/te³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ti⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/ti⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ti²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/tai³¹/
	Taoyuan	/tɑi³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tɐi³⁵/
	Nanning	/tɐi²²/
	Hong Kong	/tɐi³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/te⁵³/ /tue⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tɛ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tai²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/toi⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdi²¹³/ /ʔdɔi²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: tejX

Rime
Character	底
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都禮切
Baxter	tejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teiX/
Pan Wuyun	/teiX/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛjX/
Li Rong	/teiX/
Wang Li	/tieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/tieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dai2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tiːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	底
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tejX ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁijʔ/
English	bottom; stop, obstruct
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	底
Reading #	1/1
No.	2244
Phonetic component	氐
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	邸
Old Chinese	/*tiːlʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 底

1. bottom; underneath; underside
2. ground; background
3. ins and outs; actual situation
4. master copy
5. end (of a year or month)

   See also: 年底, 月底

   六月底 [Cantonese]  ―  luk⁶ jyut⁶ dai² [Jyutping]  ―  end of June

6. remnants; remains; leftovers
7. (Southern Min) inside
8. (mathematics) base (of triangle, logarithm, etc.)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): de (de⁵／de⁰)

  (Zhuyin): ˙ㄉㄜ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: de
    • Zhuyin: ˙ㄉㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: de̊
    • Wade–Giles: tê⁵
    • Yale: de
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .de
    • Palladius: дэ (dɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥ə/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 底

1. ^† possessive particle, equivalent to modern Mandarin 的 (de)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Eastern Min (BUC): diē / dē̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tī / tǐ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): di⁷

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• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: diē / dē̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tie³³/, /tœ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī
    • Tâi-lô: tī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: di
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ti³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ti²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐ
    • Tâi-lô: tǐ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ti²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: di⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti¹¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 底

1. (Min) which; what

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 哪 (“which”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		何, 孰
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		哪
Mandarin	Beijing	哪
	Taiwan	哪
	Malaysia	哪
	Singapore	哪
Cantonese	Guangzhou	邊
	Hong Kong	邊
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	選
	Taishan	哪
	Yangjiang	邊
	Singapore (Guangfu)	邊
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	哪
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	哪
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	哪
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	哪
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	哪
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	哪
	Hong Kong	哪
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	底
	Fuqing	底
Southern Min	Xiamen	佗
	Quanzhou	佗
	Zhangzhou	佗
	Taipei	佗
	Kaohsiung	佗
	Singapore (Hokkien)	佗
	Chaozhou	底
	Singapore (Teochew)	底
	Haikou	底
	Singapore (Hainanese)	底
Wu	Shanghai	阿裡, 賴裡
	Wenzhou	若, 狃

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

底

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: たい (tai)
• Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
• Kun: そこ (soko, 底, Jōyō); なんぞ (nanzo)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
底
そこ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Noun

底(そこ) • (soko) 

1. the bottom

   底(そこ)に沈(しず)む

   soko ni shizumu

   sink to the bottom

Derived terms

• 二(に)重(じゅう)底(ぞこ) (nijūzoko, “double sole; double bottom”)

Antonyms

• 頂(いただき) (itadaki, “top”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
底
てい Grade: 4
on’yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 底 (tej^X).

Noun

底(てい) • (tei) 

1. base of a logarithm

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Korean

Hanja

底 • (jeo, ji) (hangeul 저, 지, revised jeo, ji, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, chi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

底: Hán Nôm readings: để, đáy, đé, đẽ, đây

1. to place