旬

See also: 句

旬 U+65EC, 旬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65EC ← 旫 [U+65EB] CJK Unified Ideographs 旭 → [U+65ED]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

旬 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心日 (PA), four-corner 2762₀, composition ⿹勹日)

Derived characters

• 侚, 迿, 咰, 姰, 峋, 徇, 恂, 洵, 狥, 眴, 栒, 殉, 毥, 珣, 絢 (绚), 𰃢, 詢 (询), 𤱬, 駨, 郇, 荀

See also

• 复 傷

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 489, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13746
• Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1485, character 3
• Unihan data for U+65EC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		旬
alternative forms		𠣙 𠣡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旬
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (匀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
枃	*skins
笉	*skʰinʔ
郇	*ɡʷreːn, *sqʰʷin
絢	*qʰʷiːns
眴	*qʰʷiːns, *ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷin, *qʰʷjins, *ŋʷjin
盷	*ɡʷiːn
訇	*ɡʷiːn, *qʰʷreːŋ
迿	*ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷins
姰	*ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷin
畇	*l'iːŋ, *sqʰʷin, *sɢʷin, *ɢʷin
荀	*sqʰʷin
詢	*sqʰʷin
洵	*sqʰʷin, *sɢʷin
恂	*sqʰʷin
峋	*sqʰʷin
珣	*sqʰʷin
槆	*sqʰʷin
筍	*sqʰʷinʔ
箰	*sqʰʷinʔ
旬	*sɢʷin
殉	*sɢʷins
徇	*sɢʷins
侚	*sɢʷins
均	*kʷin
鈞	*kʷin
袀	*kʷin
汮	*kʷin, *kʷrin
呁	*kʷins
筠	*ɡʷin
荺	*ɢʷin, *ɡʷinʔ
匀	*ɢʷin
韵	*ɢʷins
輷	*qʰʷreːŋ, *qʰʷreːŋs
揈	*qʰʷreːŋ
鍧	*qʰʷreːŋ
渹	*qʰʷreːŋ
赹	*ɡʷeŋ
憌	*ɡʷeŋ
惸	*ɡʷeŋ
咰	*sqʰʷrid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sɢʷin): phonetic 螾 (OC *lin, *linʔ) + semantic 日 (“sun; day”).

The pictographic protoform of 螾 was borrowed to represent "period of days" in oracle bone script. In bronze inscriptions, the semantic component 日 (“sun/day”) was added to this character. In the Warring States period, the phonetic component was mistaken as 勹 (“bow down”), hence the incorrect analysis in Shuowen Jiezi of this character as 勹 + 日.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xún (xun²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): xyn⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sùn

  (Hailu, HRS): sun

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sun²

• Jin (Wiktionary): xyng¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): sùng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): song² / suong²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sûn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sung⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shiun
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sen²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xún
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syún
    • Wade–Giles: hsün²
    • Yale: syún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyun
    • Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ceon⁴
    • Yale: chèuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cên⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xyn⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: sun^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sun²
    • Sinological IPA: /sun¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sun
    • Sinological IPA: /sun⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sun²
    • Sinological IPA: /sun¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xyng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕyŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: song²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: suong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬuoŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûn
    • Tâi-lô: sûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suun
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sun²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sun²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sun¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sun²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sung⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵shiun
    • MiniDict: shiuin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xyn
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕyn³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sən¹³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 旬
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕyn³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕyn²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕyn⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕyẽ⁴²/ /ɕyẽ⁵⁵/ 上～
	Qingdao	/syə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/syn⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕyẽ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕyə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕyŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕỹn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕyn²¹³/ 七～ /ɕin²¹³/ 上～
	Chengdu	/ɕyn³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕin²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕĩ³¹/
	Nanjing	/syn²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕyn⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕyŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕyŋ³⁵/ /ɕioŋ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/zin¹³/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷen³³/
	Wenzhou	/joŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ɕyan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/sən¹³/
	Xiangtan	/sən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sun¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/sun¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰøn²¹/
	Nanning	/ɬɐn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰøn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sun³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/suŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sœyŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/suŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tun³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: zwin

Rime
Character	旬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	詳遵切
Baxter	zwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ziuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/zʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/zjuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zwin/
Li Rong	/ziuĕn/
Wang Li	/zĭuĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceon4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-N-qʷi[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɢʷin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xún
Middle Chinese	‹ zwin ›
Old Chinese	/*s-N-qʷi[n]/
English	ten-day cycle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旬
Reading #	1/1
No.	16395
Phonetic component	匀
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	旬
Old Chinese	/*sɢʷin/

Definitions

旬

1. ten-day period
2. ten years

   七旬老翁  ―  qī xún lǎowēng  ―  seventy-year-old man

3. period of time

Compounds

• 上旬 (shàngxún)
• 下旬 (xiàxún)
• 中旬 (zhōngxún)
• 兼旬 (jiānxún)
• 初旬 (chūxún)
• 旬休
• 旬刊 (xúnkān)
• 旬始
• 旬年
• 旬日
• 旬月
• 旬朔 (xúnshuò)
• 旬歲 / 旬岁
• 淹旬曠月 / 淹旬旷月
• 由旬 (yóuxún)
• 經旬累月 / 经旬累月

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (旬):

• → Japanese: 旬(しゅん) (shun)
• → Korean: 순(旬) (sun)
• → Vietnamese: tuần (旬)

References

• “旬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “旬”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 272.

Japanese

Kanji

旬

(Jōyō kanji)

1. period of ten days

Readings

• Go-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しゅん (shun, Jōyō ^†)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
旬
しゅん Grade: S
on'yomi

Derived from Middle Chinese 旬 (MC zwin).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しゅん [shúꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) しゅん [shùń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɕɨ̃ɴ]

Noun

旬(しゅん) • (shun) ^{←しゆん (syun)?}

1. season (of something, as in "in season")

   旬(しゅん)の野菜(やさい)

   shun no yasai

   in-season vegetables

   春(はる)に旬(しゅん)を迎(むか)える

   haru ni shun o mukaeru

   to be in season come spring

   旬(しゅん)のジャンル

   shun no janru

   in-vogue genre

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
旬
ひとし Grade: S

Proper noun

旬(ひとし) • (Hitoshi) 

1. a male given name

References

• “旬”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旬 (MC zwin). Recorded as Middle Korean 슌 (sywun) (Yale: syun) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

旬 (eumhun 열흘 순 (yeolheul sun))

1. hanja form^? of 순 (“ten-day period”)

Compounds

• 사순절 (四旬節, sasunjeol)
• 오순절 (五旬節, osunjeol)
• 중순 (中旬, jungsun)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

旬: Hán Nôm readings: tuần

1. week

References

• Nom Foundation