氐

Translingual

Han character

氐 (Kangxi radical 83, 氏+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹心一 (HPM) or 竹女心戈 (HVPI), four-corner 7274₀, composition ⿱氏丶(G) or ⿱氏一(HTJK))

Usage notes

As a component of complex characters, may have sense of “down, low” from the bowing, stooping figure, as in 低 and 底; compare more abstract 下.

Derived characters

• 低, 厎, 底, 抵, 邸, 骶

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 597, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17027
• Dae Jaweon: page 988, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2130, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6C10

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Chinese

trad.		氐
simp. #		氐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 氐
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (氐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
低	*tiːl
氐	*tiːl, *til
袛	*tiːl
羝	*tiːl
眡	*tiːl, *djilʔ
岻	*tiːl, *dil
奃	*tiːl
趆	*tiːl, *tiːls
柢	*tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls
邸	*tiːlʔ
底	*tiːlʔ
詆	*tiːlʔ, *diːl
坻	*tiːlʔ, *tjelʔ, *dil
抵	*tiːlʔ
牴	*tiːlʔ
觝	*tiːlʔ
弤	*tiːlʔ
軧	*tiːlʔ
骶	*tiːls
砥	*tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils
胝	*til
疷	*til
秪	*til
泜	*dil
蚳	*dil
彽	*dil
阺	*dil
貾	*dil
祗	*tjil
厎	*tjilʔ, *tjɯʔ
茋	*tjilʔ
鴟	*tʰjil
汦	*kjeʔ, *tjil

Pictogram (象形) : 氏 (“(bowing figure)”) + 一 – as with 氏, but with a line underneath: a bowing figure standing on the ground.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dī (di¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dai¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tí / te

  (Teochew, Peng'im): di¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dī
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: di
    • Wade–Giles: ti¹
    • Yale: dī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: di
    • Palladius: ди (di)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dai¹
    • Yale: dāi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dei¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tí / te
    • Tâi-lô: tí / te
    • Phofsit Daibuun: die, def
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ti⁵³/, /te⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁵⁵⁴/, /te³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti⁵³/, /te⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ti⁵³/, /te⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti⁴¹/, /te⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: di¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ti
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti³³/

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• Middle Chinese: tej

Rime
Character	氐
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都奚切
Baxter	tej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tei/
Pan Wuyun	/tei/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛj/
Li Rong	/tei/
Wang Li	/tiei/
Bernard Karlgren	/tiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tiːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	氐
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dī
Middle Chinese	‹ tej ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁij/
English	Western tribes
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	氐
Reading #	1/2
No.	2235
Phonetic component	氐
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	低
Old Chinese	/*tiːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 氐

1. Di (ethnic group)
2. (astronomy) Root (Chinese constellation)
3. ^† Original form of 低 (dī, “to lower; to bow”).
4. ^† Original form of 低 (dī, “cheap; inexpensive”).

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dǐ (di³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dai²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): té

  (Teochew, Peng'im): di²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dǐ
    • Wade–Giles: ti³
    • Yale: dǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dii
    • Palladius: ди (di)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dai²
    • Yale: dái
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dai²
    • Guangdong Romanization: dei²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐi̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: té
    • Tâi-lô: té
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dea
    • IPA (Xiamen): /te⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /te⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /te⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /te⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: di²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵²/

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• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*til/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	氐
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tejX ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁijʔ/
English	bottom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	氐
Reading #	2/2
No.	2262
Phonetic component	氐
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	胝
Old Chinese	/*til/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 氐

1. (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “root of a tree”).
2. (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “basis; fundamental”).
3. (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to reach; to arrive”).
4. (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to match; to be equal to”).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhī (zhi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹
    • Yale: jr̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: trij

Rime
Character	氐
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丁尼切
Baxter	trij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈji/
Li Rong	/ȶji/
Wang Li	/ȶi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 氐

1. Only used in 氐池 (“an ancient county”).

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02110
• “氐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

氐

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. Di (ancient ethnic group in western China)

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

From Middle Chinese 氐 (MC trij, “Di; Root mansion”):

• Go-on: だい (dai)
• Kan-on: たい (tai); てい (tei)

From Middle Chinese 氐 (MC *ʈiɪ, “basis, fundamental”):

• Go-on: じ (ji)^{←ぢ (di, historical)}
• Kan-on: ち (chi)
• Kun: ふもと (fumoto, 氐)

Compounds

• 氐宿(ともぼし) (Tomoboshi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
氐
てい Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 氐 (MC trij), compare modern Mandarin 氐 (dī).

Used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨te⟩.

Proper noun

氐(てい) • (Tei) 

1. (Chinese astronomy) Root, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Synonyms: 氐宿 (Teishū, Tei-shuku), とも星 (Tomoboshi)

2. (historical) Di: an ancient ethnic group in western China

   Hypernym: 五胡 (Goko)

See also

• てんびん座(ざ) (Tenbin-za, “Libra”)

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Korean

Hanja

氐 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)

1. the foundation, the basis, the origin

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 氐 (đê)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation