爛

See also: 烂

Translingual

Han character

爛 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+17, 21 strokes, cangjie input 火日弓田 (FANW), four-corner 9782₀, composition ⿰火闌)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 687, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19604
• Dae Jaweon: page 1099, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2249, character 2
• Unihan data for U+721B

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Chinese

trad.		爛
simp.		烂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	*kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): làn (lan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laan⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lan
• Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̄ing
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): nōa / lān

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: làn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: làn
    • Wade–Giles: lan⁴
    • Yale: làn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
    • Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /län⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laan⁶
    • Yale: laahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lan⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lan
    • Hakka Romanization System: lan
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lan⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /lan⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̄ing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nōa / lān
    • Tâi-lô: nuā / lān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: noa, lan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /nuã²²/, /lan²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nuã⁴¹/, /lan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nuã²²/, /lan²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /nuã³³/, /lan³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /nuã³³/, /lan³³/

Note:

• nōa - vernacular;
• lān - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: lanH

Rime
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	郎旰切
Baxter	lanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lanH/
Li Rong	/lɑnH/
Wang Li	/lɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	làn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤan-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	làn
Middle Chinese	‹ lanH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁan-s/
English	cooked until soft
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
No.	6130
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	爛
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːns/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 爛

1. (of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed

   爛蘋果／烂苹果  ―  làn píngguǒ  ―  rotten apple

2. well-cooked; soft; mushy

   佢鍾意啲薯仔煮得好爛。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢钟意啲薯仔煮得好烂。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ zung¹ ji³ di¹ syu⁴ zai² zyu² dak¹ hou² laan⁶. [Jyutping]

   He likes his potatoes cooked very mushy.

3. broken; fragmented; shattered

   佢整爛其他人啲嘢都唔知錯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢整烂其他人啲嘢都唔知错。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ zing² laan⁶ kei⁴ taa¹ jan⁴ di¹ je⁵ dou¹ m⁴ zi¹ co³. [Jyutping]

   He didn't apologize even though he broke someone else's things.

4. low-quality; poor; lousy

   爛gag／烂gag [Cantonese]  ―  laan⁶ gag [Jyutping]  ―  bad joke

   我的英文很爛。／我的英文很烂。  ―  Wǒ de yīngwén hěn làn.  ―  My English is awful.

   爛鬼嘢／烂鬼嘢 [Cantonese]  ―  laan⁶ gwai² je⁵ [Jyutping]  ―  piece of trash

5. to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil
6. completely

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

爛

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. be sore
2. inflamed
3. bleary
4. fester

Readings

• Go-on: らん (ran)
• Kan-on: らん (ran)
• Kun: ただれる (tadareru, 爛れる)

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Korean

Hanja

爛 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 爛 (lạn, láng, rạn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.