略

See also: 畧

Translingual

Han character

略 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田竹水口 (WHER), four-corner 6706₄, composition ⿰田各)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 762, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21839
• Dae Jaweon: page 1172, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2541, character 11
• Unihan data for U+7565

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		略
alternative forms		畧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 略
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
髂	*kʰraːɡs
路	*ɡ·raːɡs
輅	*ɡ·raːɡs
賂	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
露	*ɡ·raːɡs
潞	*raːɡs
鷺	*raːɡs
璐	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
洛	*ɡ·raːɡ
駱	*ɡ·raːɡ
絡	*ɡ·raːɡ
酪	*ɡ·raːɡ
烙	*ɡ·raːɡ
雒	*ɡ·raːɡ
珞	*ɡ·raːɡ
硌	*ɡ·raːɡ
袼	*ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落	*ɡ·raːɡ
各	*klaːɡ
胳	*klaːɡ
閣	*klaːɡ
格	*klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱	*klaːɡ
恪	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
貉	*ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
佫	*ɡlaːɡ
略	*ɡ·raɡ
茖	*kraːɡ
骼	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
客	*kʰraːɡ
喀	*kʰraːɡ
揢	*kʰraːɡ
額	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
頟	*ŋɡraːɡ
詻	*ŋɡraːɡ
垎	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raɡ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) – to walk around a field (to outline it).

Etymology

"to plunder, to pillage"

Possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mizo rawk (“to loot, to raid (not to kill)”). STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-m-(p)rawk, which is likely an allofam of Proto-Kuki-Chin *m-ru:k "to steal".

掠 (lüè) is a graphic variant of this sense.

"sharp"

"From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/b)rak (“to cut, tear, maul, lacerate”). Cognate with Burmese မြက် (mrak, “to cut keenly”) and မြ (mra., “sharp”), Jingpho mya (“torn, ragged”), Dimasa [script needed] (džə brau, “to scratch, maul, claw”), Drung pra (“to cut (with sharp instruments)”).

"to trace out; to measure (an area); to plan; plan, method; boundary, frontier"

Possible allofams are 慮 (OC *ras, “outline, sketch”) and possibly 量 (OC *raŋ, *raŋs, “to measure (v.), a measure (n.)”)

"outline, sketch, strategy, summary, brief"

Possibly same etymon as sense "to trace out, to plan". Possibly cognate with 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “road”)

"to omit, to leave out"

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lüè (lüe⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): loek⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lio̍k
• Northern Min (KCR): liŏ̤
• Eastern Min (BUC): liŏk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k / lia̍k / lio̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liag⁸ / lioh⁸ / liêh⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵liaq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lüè
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lyuè
    • Wade–Giles: lüeh⁴
    • Yale: lywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liueh
    • Palladius: люэ (ljue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly̯ɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: loek⁶
    • Yale: leuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lio̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: liog
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liog⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯ok̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɔ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liak̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liak̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍h
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lioih
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lioʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lioʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɤʔ⁴/

Note:

• lio̍k/lia̍k - literary;
• lio̍h - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: liag⁸ / lioh⁸ / liêh⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lia̍k / lio̍h / lie̍h
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liak̚⁴/, /lioʔ⁴/, /lieʔ⁴/

Note:

• liag8 - literary;
• lioh8/liêh8 - vernacular (liêh8 - Chaozhou).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵liaq
    • MiniDict: 'liah^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²'liaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liaʔ³⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 略
Mandarin	Beijing	/lyɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/liau⁵³/ /lyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lye⁵³/
	Jinan	/luə²¹/
	Qingdao	/lyə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lyo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/luo⁵³/
	Xining	/lyu⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/lye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/lyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nio²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nyo³¹/
	Guiyang	/nio²¹/
	Kunming	/lio³¹/
	Nanjing	/loʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/liʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/liaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/liaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/liɑʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/liɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/liɛ²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/liɔ²²/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/lio²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/nio²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liok̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/liok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lœk̚²/
	Nanning	/lœk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lœk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/luoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/liɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/liak̚⁵/ /lioʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/liɔk̚³/ /lio³³/

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• Middle Chinese: ljak

Rime
Character	略
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	離灼切
Baxter	ljak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨak̚/
Li Rong	/liak̚/
Wang Li	/lĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lüè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loek6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	略
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lüè
Middle Chinese	‹ ljak ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ak/
English	draw a boundary; outline
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	略
Reading #	1/1
No.	3892
Phonetic component	各
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	略
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 略

1. plan; strategy; summary; outline
2. brief; abbreviated
3. to omit; to leave out
4. slightly; marginally
5. approximately; roughly
6. to plunder; to pillage
7. ^† sharp (Shi)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

略

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. plan, strategy
2. to omit
3. to abbreviate
4. to invade

Readings

• Go-on: らく (raku)
• Kan-on: りゃく (ryaku, Jōyō)
• Kun: おさめる (osameru, 略める); はかる (hakaru, 略る); はかりごと (hakarigoto, 略)

Compounds

• 略字(りゃくじ) (ryakuji, “colloquial/ simplified form of kanji”)
• 概略(がいりゃく) (gairyaku, “outline”)
• 攻略(こうりゃく) (kōryaku, “capture”)
• 忽略(こつりゃく) (kotsuryaku, “neglect”)
• 省略(しょうりゃく) (shōryaku, “omission”)
• 侵略(しんりゃく) (shinryaku, “invasion”)
• 略称(りゃくしょう) (ryakushō, “abbreviation”)
• 略(りゃく)図(ず) (ryakuzu, “brief illustration”)
• 略(りゃく)奪(だつ) (ryakudatsu, “rob”)

Noun

略(りゃく) • (ryaku) 

1. omission

   以下(いか)略(りゃく)

   ikaryaku

   Same as above.

2. abbreviation; short for

   特(とっ)急(きゅう)は特(とく)別(べつ)急(きゅう)行(こう)の略(りゃく)。

   Tokkyū wa tokubetsukyūkō no ryaku.

   Tokkyū is the abbreviation of tokubetsukyūkō.

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Korean

Hanja

略 • (ryak>yak) (hangeul 략>약)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 略 (lược, trước)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.