紅葉
Chinese
red; revolutionary; prosperity red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular |
leaf; page | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (紅葉) | 紅 | 葉 | |
simp. (红叶) | 红 | 叶 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hóngyè
- Wade–Giles: hung2-yeh4
- Yale: húng-yè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horngyeh
- Palladius: хунъе (xunʺje)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xʊŋ³⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Southern Min
Noun
(deprecated template usage) 紅葉
Descendants
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
紅 | 葉 |
もみじ | |
Grade: 6 | Grade: 3 |
jukujikun |
⟨momi1ti⟩ → */momʲiti/ → /momʲidi/ → /momid͡ʑi/ → /momiʑi/
Shift from Old Japanese 紅葉 (momi1ti → momichi).[1]
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 紅葉づ (momizu, “to turn, change color; said of leaves”).[1][2]
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 紅葉/红叶 (hóngyè), see kōyō below.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Noun
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- the turning (coloring) of leaves, especially in autumn
- the colored leaves themselves
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 4, poem 217; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 5)
- Short for 以呂波紅葉 (iroha momiji): the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum
- Short for 紅葉襲 (momiji-gasane): a style of layering garments with crimson on the front and blue (or dark red) on the back
- (colloquial) venison, deer meat
- Synonym: 鹿肉 (shika-niku)
- a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of autumn leaves or the Japanese maple
- Synonym: 楓 (kaede)
- (card games) the suit of autumn leaves (or the Japanese maple) in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of October
Derived terms
- 紅葉葵 (momiji aoi, “Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.”)
- 紅葉苺 (momiji ichigo, “Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.”)
- 紅葉卸, 紅葉卸し (momiji-oroshi)
- 紅葉貝 (momijigai, “Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.”)
- 紅葉笠, Lua error in Module:ja-ruby at line 517: Separator "%" in the kanji and kana strings do not match.
- 紅葉襲 (momiji-gasane)
- 紅葉唐松 (momiji karamatsu, “false bugbane”)
- 紅葉狩, 紅葉狩り (momijigari, “autmumn-leaf viewing”)
- 紅葉衣 (momiji-goromo), 紅葉の衣 (momiji no koromo)
- 紅葉前線 (momiji zensen)
- 紅葉鯛 (momijidai)
- 紅葉月 (momijizuki, “ninth lunar month”)
- 紅葉鳥 (momijidori)
- 紅葉に青短 (momiji ni aotan, hanafuda card)
- 紅葉に鹿 (momiji ni shika, hanafuda card)
- 紅葉賀 (Momiji no Ga, chapter in The Tale of Genji)
- 紅葉の橋 (momiji no hashi)
- 紅葉のカス (momiji no kasu, hanafuda card)
- 紅葉 (momiji-ba, see below)
- 紅葉羽熊 (momiji haguma)
- 紅葉鮒 (momijibuna)
- 紅葉マーク (momiji māku)
- 紅葉見 (momijimi)
- 紅葉蓆, 紅葉筵 (momiji mushiro)
- 青紅葉 (aomomiji)
- 銀杏紅葉 (ichō momiji)
- 以呂波紅葉 (iroha momiji)
- 薄紅葉 (usu momiji)
- 卯月の紅葉 (Uzuki no Momiji)
- 漆紅葉 (urushi momiji)
- 大紅葉 (ōmomiji)
- 柿紅葉 (kaki momiji)
- 草紅葉 (kusa momiji)
- 紅紅葉 (kurenai momiji)
- 桜紅葉 (sakura momiji)
- 下紅葉 (shita momiji)
- 蔦紅葉 (tsuta momiji)
- 照り紅葉 (terimomiji)
- 櫨紅葉 (haji momiji)
- 初紅葉 (hatsu-momiji)
- 花紅葉 (hana momiji)
- 山紅葉 (yama-momiji)
- 夕紅葉 (yū momiji)
Idioms
- 紅葉の錦 (momiji no nishiki, “brocade of autumn leaves → brocaded clothes”)
- 紅葉のような手 (momiji no yō na te, “hand like an autumn leaf → pretty hand of a young child”)
- 紅葉を散らす (momiji o chirasu, “disperse the momiji → blush one's face”)
Proverbs
- 紅葉に鹿 (momiji ni shika, “a deer with momiji → a good arrangement”)
Coordinate terms
- 楓, 槭樹 (kaede, “maple tree”)
- 花札 (hanafuda) suits: 松 (matsu, “pine”), 梅 (ume, “plum blossoms”), 桜 (sakura, “sakura”), 藤 (fuji, “wisteria”), 菖蒲 (ayame, “iris”), 牡丹 (botan, “peony”), 萩 (hagi, “bush clover”), 芒 (susuki, “susuki grass”), 菊 (kiku, “chrysanthemum”), 紅葉 (momiji, “autumn leaves”), 柳 (yanagi, “willow”), 桐 (kiri, “paulownia”)
Verb
紅葉する • (momiji suru) ←もみぢ (momidi)?suru (stem 紅葉し (momiji shi), past 紅葉した (momiji shita))
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 紅葉し | もみじし | momiji shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 紅葉し | もみじし | momiji shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 紅葉する | もみじする | momiji suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 紅葉する | もみじする | momiji suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 紅葉すれ | もみじすれ | momiji sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 紅葉せよ¹ 紅葉しろ² |
もみじせよ¹ もみじしろ² |
momiji seyo¹ momiji shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 紅葉される | もみじされる | momiji sareru | |
Causative | 紅葉させる 紅葉さす |
もみじさせる もみじさす |
momiji saseru momiji sasu | |
Potential | 紅葉できる | もみじできる | momiji dekiru | |
Volitional | 紅葉しよう | もみじしよう | momiji shiyō | |
Negative | 紅葉しない | もみじしない | momiji shinai | |
Negative continuative | 紅葉せず | もみじせず | momiji sezu | |
Formal | 紅葉します | もみじします | momiji shimasu | |
Perfective | 紅葉した | もみじした | momiji shita | |
Conjunctive | 紅葉して | もみじして | momiji shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 紅葉すれば | もみじすれば | momiji sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Proper noun
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- a female given name
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
紅 | 葉 |
Grade: 6 | は > ば Grade: 3 |
irregular | kun'yomi |
Shift from Old Japanese 紅葉 (momi1tiba → momichiba).[1]
Can be parsed as a compound of 紅葉ぢ (momiji, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 紅葉づ (momizu), “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Noun
紅葉 • (momijiba) ←もみぢば (momidiba)?
- turned (colored) autumn leaves
- 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 5, poem 366; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 69)
- the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
- c. 1005–07, Shūi Wakashū (book 17, poem 1128; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 26)
Usage notes
For emphasis, the initial momiji is usually written in kana alone, as もみじ葉 (momijiba).
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
紅 | 葉 |
こう Grade: 6 |
よう Grade: 3 |
kan'on |
/kou jepu/ → /koːjefu/ → /koːjeu/ → /koːjoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 紅葉 (MC huwng yep, literally “crimson, red + leaf”).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Noun
- the turning (coloring) of leaves, especially in autumn
- the colored leaves themselves
- 1999 August 26, “紅葉の女王 [Queen of Autumn Leaves]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
- 鮮やかな紅葉に囲まれて暮らす、緑樹の霊王のお妃。
- Azayaka na kōyō ni kakomarete kurasu, Ryokuju no Reiō no ohi.
- The consort of the Spirit King of Greenery, living within vibrant autumn leaves.
- 鮮やかな紅葉に囲まれて暮らす、緑樹の霊王のお妃。
Derived terms
Idioms
- 林間に酒を煖めて紅葉を焼く (rinkan ni sake o atatamete kōyō o yaku, “burn autumn leaves to heat sake → enjoy autumn”)
Verb
紅葉する • (kōyō suru) ←こうえふ (kouefu)?suru (stem 紅葉し (kōyō shi), past 紅葉した (kōyō shita))
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 紅葉し | こうようし | kōyō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 紅葉し | こうようし | kōyō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 紅葉する | こうようする | kōyō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 紅葉する | こうようする | kōyō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 紅葉すれ | こうようすれ | kōyō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 紅葉せよ¹ 紅葉しろ² |
こうようせよ¹ こうようしろ² |
kōyō seyo¹ kōyō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 紅葉される | こうようされる | kōyō sareru | |
Causative | 紅葉させる 紅葉さす |
こうようさせる こうようさす |
kōyō saseru kōyō sasu | |
Potential | 紅葉できる | こうようできる | kōyō dekiru | |
Volitional | 紅葉しよう | こうようしよう | kōyō shiyō | |
Negative | 紅葉しない | こうようしない | kōyō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 紅葉せず | こうようせず | kōyō sezu | |
Formal | 紅葉します | こうようします | kōyō shimasu | |
Perfective | 紅葉した | こうようした | kōyō shita | |
Conjunctive | 紅葉して | こうようして | kōyō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 紅葉すれば | こうようすれば | kōyō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Proper noun
- a female given name
Etymology 4
Other various nanori readings.
Proper noun
紅葉 or 紅葉 or 紅葉 or 紅葉 or 紅葉 or 紅葉 or 紅葉 or 紅葉 or 紅葉 • (Akaha or Akeha or Ageha or Iroha or Kaede or Kureha or Beniha or Momi or Moyo)
- a female given name
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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Old Japanese
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 紅葉つ (momi1tu, “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”).
Possibly cognate with verb 燃ゆ (mo1yu, “to burn”).
Noun
紅葉 (momi1ti) (kana もみち)
- the turning of leaves in autumn
- the turned autumn leaves themselves
- the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum
Descendants
- Japanese: 紅葉 (momiji)
Etymology 2
Compound of 紅葉ち (momi1ti, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 紅葉つ (momi1tu), “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”) + 葉 (pa, “leaf”).
The pa changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Noun
紅葉 (momi1tiba) (kana もみちば)
- turned autumn leaves
- the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Japanese: 紅葉 (momijiba)
References
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- Chinese lemmas
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- Mandarin nouns
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- Chinese terms spelled with 葉
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- ja:Card games
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