豆腐

Chinese

		bean; sacrificial vessel	decay; rotten
simp. and trad. (豆腐)		豆	腐
anagram		腐豆

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dòufu, dòufǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ ˙ㄈㄨ, ㄉㄡˋ ㄈㄨˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): dou⁴ fu³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dau⁶ fu⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): theu-fu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): têu⁴ fu⁴

• Min Dong (BUC): dâu^→dâ-hô^→hâu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tāu-hū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dao⁷ hu⁷

• Wu (Wiktionary): deu vu (T3); deu hhu (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: dòufu
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ ˙ㄈㄨ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow.fu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòufů
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯⁵¹ fu¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: dòufǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ ㄈㄨˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowfuu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòufǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: dou⁴ fu³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: doufu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu²¹³ fu⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dau⁶ fu⁶
    • Yale: dauh fuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dau⁶ fu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: deo⁶ fu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯²² fuː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: theu-fu
    • Hakka Romanization System: teu fu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: teu⁴ fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: têu⁴ fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰeu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fu⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dâu^→dâ-hô^→hâu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ta²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(h-)ɑu²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu-hū
    • Tâi-lô: tāu-hū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dauxhu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /taʊ²²⁻²¹ hu²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /taʊ⁴¹⁻²² hu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /taʊ²²⁻²¹ hu²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /taʊ³³⁻¹¹ hu³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /taʊ³³⁻²¹ hu³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dao⁷ hu⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāu hū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau¹¹ hu¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: deu vu (T3); deu hhu (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̻ɜ²² v̻v̩ʷ⁴⁴/, /d̻ɜ²² ɦv̩ʷ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /dəu^H  bɨo^X/

Rime
Character	豆	腐
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	田候切	扶雨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dəuH/	/bɨoX/
Pan Wuyun	/dəuH/	/bioX/
Shao Rongfen	/dəuH/	/bioX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwH/	/buə̆X/
Li Rong	/duH/	/bioX/
Wang Li	/dəuH/	/bĭuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱə̯uH/	/bʱi̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòu	fù

Noun

豆腐

1. tofu; bean curd (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿／𫩥 c; 磚／砖 c)
2. any food with tofu-like physical quality
   • 魚豆腐／鱼豆腐 (yúdòufu)
   • 血豆腐 (xuèdòufu)
   • 杏仁豆腐 (xìngrén dòufu)

Synonyms

• (obsolete) 豆脯, 菽乳

Derived terms

Derived terms from 豆腐

• 冬瓜豆腐
• 凍豆腐／冻豆腐
• 刀切豆腐
• 刀子嘴豆腐心 (dāozi zuǐ dòufu xīn)
• 刀子嘴，豆腐心
• 吃豆腐 (chī dòufu)
• 呃鬼食豆腐
• 杏仁豆腐 (xìngrén dòufu)
• 水豆腐
• 沒肉也有四兩豆腐／没肉也有四两豆腐
• 炸豆腐丸子
• 磨豆腐 (mò dòufu)
• 糟豆腐
• 老豆腐 (lǎodòufu)
• 臭豆腐 (chòudòufu)
• 血豆腐 (xuèdòufu)
• 豆腐乳 (dòufurǔ)
• 豆腐乾／豆腐干 (dòufugān)
• 豆腐刀
• 豆腐嘴，刀子心
• 豆腐囝
• 豆腐婆
• 豆腐官
• 豆腐心
• 豆腐棗／豆腐枣
• 豆腐泡 (dòufupāo)

• 豆腐渣 (dòufuzhā)
• 豆腐漿／豆腐浆 (dòufujiāng)
• 豆腐皮 (dòufupí)
• 豆腐盤成肉價錢／豆腐盘成肉价钱 (dòufu pán chéng ròu jiàqián)
• 豆腐箸
• 豆腐腦／豆腐脑 (dòufunǎo)
• 豆腐膶／豆腐𬂀
• 豆腐花 (dòufuhuā)
• 豆腐蠣／豆腐蛎
• 豆腐衣
• 豆腐西施
• 豆腐飯／豆腐饭
• 豆腐鯊／豆腐鲨
• 賣豆腐／卖豆腐 (mài dòufu)
• 酸黃虀爛豆腐／酸黄虀烂豆腐
• 醬豆腐／酱豆腐 (jiàngdòufu)
• 釀豆腐／酿豆腐 (niàngdòufu)
• 關公賣豆腐／关公卖豆腐
• 關王賣豆腐／关王卖豆腐
• 食豆腐
• 馬尾中鬃豆腐／马尾中鬃豆腐
• 馬尾兒穿豆腐／马尾儿穿豆腐
• 魚豆腐／鱼豆腐 (yúdòufu)
• 鹹菜燒豆腐／咸菜烧豆腐
• 麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (豆腐):

• → Japanese: 豆(とう)腐(ふ) (tōfu)
• → Korean: 두부 (豆腐, dubu)
• → Vietnamese: đậu hủ (豆腐), đậu phụ (豆腐)

Others:

• → Amis: tawhu, tawho
• → Bouyei: duehfuh
• → Burmese: တိုဟူး (tuihu:)
• → Cebuano: taho
• → Classical Mongolian: ᠳᠡᠦᠹᠦ (deüfü)
  • Mongolian: ᠳ᠋ᠧᠦᠹᠦ᠋ (d᠋ēüfü᠋), дүүпүү (düüpüü)
• → Daur: ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ᠣᡶ᠋ᡠ (deofu), dueb
• → Indonesian: tahu (via Min Nan), tofu (via Japanese)
• → Khmer: តៅហ៊ូ (tawhuu)
• → Lao: ເຕົາຮູ້ (tao hū)
• → Malay: tauhu
• → Russian: то́фу (tófu)
• → Saisiyat: tawho:
• → Sichuan Yi: ꄔꃛ (dut fup)
• → Tagalog: taho
• → Thai: เต้าหู้ (dtâo-hûu)
• → Tibetan: ཏོའུ་ཧྥུ (to'u hphu)
• → Vietnamese: tàu hủ (“tofu pudding”) (Southern), tào phớ (“tofu pudding”) (Northern)
• → Zhuang: daeuhfouh

Further reading

• “Entry #3504”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

豆腐 (tōfu): seasoned cubes of tofu.

Kanji in this term
豆	腐
とう Grade: 3	ふ Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豆腐 (MC dəu^H bɨo^X, literally “bean + curdled”). Compare modern Mandarin reading dòufu.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) とーふ [tòófú] (Heiban – [0])
  • (Tokyo) とーふ​ [tòófúꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
  • IPA^(key): [to̞ːɸɯ̟ᵝ]

  • Audio

    (file)

Noun

豆腐(とうふ) • (tōfu)

1. tofu, bean curd
2. (computing) tofu, an empty rectangle displayed by some systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 絹(きぬ)漉(ご)し豆(どう)腐(ふ) (kinugoshidōfu): silken tofu, soft tofu
• 木(も)綿(めん)豆(どう)腐(ふ) (momendōfu): cotton tofu, hard tofu
• 凍(し)み豆(どう)腐(ふ) (shimidōfu): dried tofu
• 杏仁(あんにん)豆(どう)腐(ふ) (annindōfu): annin tofu
• 焼(や)き豆(どう)腐(ふ) (yakidōfu): seared tofu
• 湯(ゆ)豆(どう)腐(ふ) (yudōfu): a cuisine of simmered tofu
• 豆(とう)腐(ふ)餻(よう) (tōfuyō): a fermented tofu of Okinawa
• 豆(とう)腐(ふ)化(ば)け (tōfubake): a form of corrupted text display, where code points that are not included in the current font are instead displayed with empty rectangles that resemble blocks of tofu

Related terms

→

• 苦汁(にがり) (nigari): bittern, brine salt used as a coagulant in making tofu
• 豆乳(とうにゅう) (tōnyū): soy milk

Descendants

• → Czech: tofu
• → English: tofu
• → Finnish: tofu
• → French: tofu
• → Indonesian: tofu
• → Italian: tofu
• → Portuguese: tofu
• → Spanish: tofu

 

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Korean

Hanja in this term
豆	腐

Noun

豆腐 • (dubu) (hangeul 두부)

1. Hanja form^? of 두부 (“tofu”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
豆	腐

Noun

豆腐

1. Hán tự form of đậu hủ (“tofu”).
2. Hán tự form of đậu phụ (“tofu”).