雷

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Translingual

Han character

雷 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月田 (MBW), four-corner 10603, composition ⿱⻗田)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42245
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1881, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4060, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+96F7

Chinese

trad. 雷
simp. # 雷
alternative forms
 
畾
𡈶
𩇓 ancient
𤴐 ancient
𩂩 ancient
畾
𡈶
𩇓 ancient
𤴐 ancient
𩂩 ancient
𤳳 ancient
䨓 ancient
𩄣 ancient
靁 ancient
㗊 ancient
𤴑 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
摞 *roːl, *roːls
騾 *roːl
螺 *roːl
蔂 *roːl, *rul
虆 *roːl, *rul
瘰 *roːlʔ
礌 *ruːl, *ruːls
雷 *ruːl
擂 *ruːl, *ruːls
攂 *ruːl, *ruːls
礧 *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
儡 *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
瓃 *ruːl, *rul, *ruls
櫑 *ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鑘 *ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鐳 *ruːl
畾 *ruːl
轠 *ruːl, *rulʔ
罍 *ruːl
蕾 *ruːlʔ
癗 *ruːlʔ
磥 *ruːlʔ
累 *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols
儽 *ruːls, *rul
樏 *rolʔ, *rul
鸓 *rul, *rulʔ
嫘 *rul
纍 *rul, *ruls
欙 *rul
纝 *rul
壘 *rulʔ
櫐 *rulʔ
蘽 *rulʔ
藟 *rulʔ
讄 *rulʔ

Ancient simplification of 靁, which was a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • lài - vernacular;
  • lòi - literary.
Rime
Character 雷
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 魯回切
Baxter lwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/luʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/luoi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/luɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lwəj/
Li
Rong 		/luᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/luɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/luɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		léi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		leoi4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 雷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		léi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lwoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.rˁuj/
English thunder

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 雷
Reading # 1/1
No. 7707
Phonetic
component 		畾
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		雷
Old
Chinese 		/*ruːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 雷

  1. thunder
  2. (military) mine
    • 內容有雷／内容有雷  ―  nèiróng yǒu léi  ―  (slang) spoilers ahead (lit. “the content has mines”)
  3. (colloquial) to astonish; to dumbfound; to amaze
  4. a surname

Synonyms

  • (thunder): 震 (zhèn)

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

雷

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
雷 (kaminari, kannari, ikazuchi, narukami, rai): thunder and lightning.
Kanji in this term
雷
かみなり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) +‎ 鳴り (nari, “the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 鳴る (naru), “to cry out, to call””).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

雷(かみなり) • (kaminari) 

  1. thunder (loud sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air)
    Synonym: 雷鳴 (raimei)
  2. lightning, thunderbolt
    • 1999 February 4, “:Template:laja [Thunder Kid]”, in Vol.1, Konami:
      雷(かみなり)をからだの中に蓄(ちく)電(でん)させている。泣(な)かせたときは危(き)険(けん)。
      Kaminari o karada no naka ni chikuden saseteiru. Nakaseta toki wa kiken.
      He stores lightning inside his body. He’s very dangerous when he cries.
    • 1999 March 1, “エレキッズ [Elekid]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
      雷(かみなり)攻(こう)撃(げき)は意(い)外(がい)と強(つよ)い。甘(あま)く見(み)ると感(かん)電(でん)するぞ。
      Kaminarikōgeki wa igai to tsuyoi. Amaku miru to kanden suru zo.
      It has a surprisingly powerful lightning attack. However, its electrocution tends to be underestimated.
    Synonyms: 電, 稲妻 (inazuma); 稲光 (inabikari); 落雷 (rakurai)
  3. thunder god
Usage notes

This kaminari reading is the most common reading when used as a standalone noun.

Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
雷
かんなり
Grade: S
irregular

/kaminari/ → /kamʉnari/ → /kanːari/

Shift in pronunciation from kaminari above.[1][3]

Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

Noun

雷(かんなり) • (kannari) 

  1. (rare, archaic) Same as かみなり (kaminari) above

Derived terms

Proper noun

雷(かんなり) • (Kannari) 

  1. (rare, archaic) Short for 雷鳴の壺 (Kannari no Tsubo): one of the five buildings in the imperial palace in 平安京 (Heian-kyō), modern-day Kyoto

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
雷
いかずち
Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨ika tu ti⟩ → ⟨ikaduti⟩ → /ikad͡ʑut͡ɕi/ → /ikaʑut͡ɕi/

From Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 厳 (ika, “sternness, terribleness, imposingness”) +‎ つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) +‎ 霊 (chi, “spirit, force, essence”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

雷(いかずち) • (ikazuchi) ←いかづち (ikaduti)?

  1. (archaic) thunder
  2. (obsolete) something ferocious and imposing, a demon or devil

Proper noun

雷(いかずち) • (Ikazuchi) ←いかづち (ikaduti)?

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Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
雷
なるかみ
Grade: S
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 雷 – see the following entry: 鳴神

(The following entry is uncreated: 鳴神.)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
雷
らい
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 雷 (MC lwoj).

Compare modern Mandarin 雷 (léi) and Cantonese 雷 (lûi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

雷(らい) • (rai) 

  1. a thunder
  2. lightning
Usage notes

Used more in compounds than on its own. As a standalone noun, the kaminari reading is the most common.

Derived terms

Affix

雷(らい) • (rai) 

  1. thunder
  2. thunderous, noisy
  3. famous
  4. large, explosive weapon

Proper noun

雷(らい) • (Rai) 

  1. a female given name
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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DJR

Kikai

Kanji

雷

Readings

Noun

雷 (hiragana はんまい, rōmaji hanmai)

  1. thunder

References

Korean

Hanja

雷 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)

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Okinawan

Kanji

雷

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 雷 (kaminari).

Noun

雷(かんない) (kannai) 

  1. thunder

References

Old Japanese

Etymology

Originally a compound of 嚴 (ika, “sternness, terribleness, imposingness”) +‎ つ (tu, possessive particle) +‎ 靈 (ti, “spirit, force, essence”).[1][2][3]

Noun

雷 (ikaduti) (kana いかづち)

  1. thunder
  2. demon or devil

Descendants

  • Japanese: 雷 (ikazuchi)

See also

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 雷 (lôi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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