雷
Translingual
Han character
雷 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月田 (MBW), four-corner 10603, composition ⿱⻗田)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42245
- Dae Jaweon: page 1881, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4060, character 2
- Unihan data for U+96F7
Chinese
trad. | 雷 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 雷 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
摞 | *roːl, *roːls |
騾 | *roːl |
螺 | *roːl |
蔂 | *roːl, *rul |
虆 | *roːl, *rul |
瘰 | *roːlʔ |
礌 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
雷 | *ruːl |
擂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
攂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
礧 | *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
儡 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
瓃 | *ruːl, *rul, *ruls |
櫑 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
鑘 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
鐳 | *ruːl |
畾 | *ruːl |
轠 | *ruːl, *rulʔ |
罍 | *ruːl |
蕾 | *ruːlʔ |
癗 | *ruːlʔ |
磥 | *ruːlʔ |
累 | *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols |
儽 | *ruːls, *rul |
樏 | *rolʔ, *rul |
鸓 | *rul, *rulʔ |
嫘 | *rul |
纍 | *rul, *ruls |
欙 | *rul |
纝 | *rul |
壘 | *rulʔ |
櫐 | *rulʔ |
蘽 | *rulʔ |
藟 | *rulʔ |
讄 | *rulʔ |
Ancient simplification of 靁, which was a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ruːl) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl).
Pronunciation
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Definitions
Synonyms
- (thunder): 震 (zhèn)
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: らい (rai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: らい (rai, Jōyō)
- Kun: かみなり (kaminari, 雷, Jōyō)、いかずち (ikazuchi, 雷)←いかづち (ikaduti, 雷, historical)
- Nanori: あずま (azuma)←あづま (aduma, historical)
Compounds
- 雷雨 (raiu)
- 雷雲 (raiun)
- 雷管 (raikan)
- 雷撃 (raigeki)
- 雷公 (raikō)
- 雷光 (raikō)
- 雷獣 (raijū, “thunder beast”)
- 雷神 (raijin)
- 雷声 (raisei)
- 雷鳥 (raichō, “rock ptarmigan, snow grouse”)
- 雷電 (raiden)
- 雷同 (raidō)
- 雷名 (raimei)
- 雷鳴 (raimei)
- 遠雷 (enrai)
- 魚雷 (gyorai)
- 地雷 (jirai)
- 春雷 (shunrai)
- 迅雷 (jinrai)
- 地雷 (chirai)
- 爆雷 (bakurai)
- 避雷 (hirai)
- 避雷針 (hiraishin)
- 蚊雷 (bunrai)
- 落雷 (rakurai)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
雷 |
かみなり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Originally a compound of 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) + 鳴り (nari, “the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 鳴る (naru), “to cry out, to call””).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
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Noun
- thunder (loud sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air)
- Synonym: 雷鳴 (raimei)
- lightning, thunderbolt
- 1999 February 4, “:Template:laja [Thunder Kid]”, in Vol.1, Konami:
- 雷をからだの中に蓄電させている。泣かせたときは危険。
- Kaminari o karada no naka ni chikuden saseteiru. Nakaseta toki wa kiken.
- He stores lightning inside his body. He’s very dangerous when he cries.
- 雷をからだの中に蓄電させている。泣かせたときは危険。
- 1999 March 1, “エレキッズ [Elekid]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
- 雷攻撃は意外と強い。甘く見ると感電するぞ。
- Kaminarikōgeki wa igai to tsuyoi. Amaku miru to kanden suru zo.
- It has a surprisingly powerful lightning attack. However, its electrocution tends to be underestimated.
- 雷攻撃は意外と強い。甘く見ると感電するぞ。
- thunder god
Usage notes
This kaminari reading is the most common reading when used as a standalone noun.
Derived terms
- 神鳴 (Kaminari)
- 雷烏賊 (kaminari ika)
- 雷親父 (kaminari oyaji)
- 雷雲 (kaminarigumo)
- 雷声 (kaminarigoe)
- 雷豆腐 (kaminaridōfu)
- 雷の陣 (kaminari no jin)
- 雷鳴の壺 (Kaminari no Tsubo)
- 雷の間 (kaminari no ma)
- 雷林 (Kaminaribayashi)
- 雷干し, 雷乾し (kaminariboshi)
- 雷門 (Kaminarimon)
- 雷除け (kaminariyoke)
- 地雷 (jigaminari)
- 虫出し雷 (mushidashi kaminari)
Idioms
- 雷が落ちる (kaminari ga ochiru, “thunder comes down → to be scolded severely by a superior, to be ripped a new one”)
- 雷三日 (kaminari mikka)
See also
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
雷 |
かんなり Grade: S |
irregular |
/kaminari/ → /kamʉnari/ → /kanːari/
Shift in pronunciation from kaminari above.[1][3]
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Noun
Derived terms
- 雷の陣 (kannari no jin)
Proper noun
- (rare, archaic) Short for 雷鳴の壺 (Kannari no Tsubo): one of the five buildings in the imperial palace in 平安京 (Heian-kyō), modern-day Kyoto
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
雷 |
いかずち Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
⟨ika tu ti⟩ → ⟨ikaduti⟩ → /ikad͡ʑut͡ɕi/ → /ikaʑut͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 厳 (ika, “sternness, terribleness, imposingness”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 霊 (chi, “spirit, force, essence”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
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Noun
雷 • (ikazuchi) ←いかづち (ikaduti)?
Proper noun
雷 • (Ikazuchi) ←いかづち (Ikaduti)?
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Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
雷 |
なるかみ Grade: S |
irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of 雷 – see the following entry: 鳴神 |
(The following entry is uncreated: 鳴神.)
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
---|
雷 |
らい Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 雷 (MC lwoj).
Compare modern Mandarin 雷 (léi) and Cantonese 雷 (lûi).
Pronunciation
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Noun
Usage notes
Used more in compounds than on its own. As a standalone noun, the kaminari reading is the most common.
Derived terms
Affix
Proper noun
- a female given name
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: Invalid
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Kikai
Kanji
雷
Readings
Noun
雷 (hiragana はんまい, rōmaji hanmai)
References
- “はんまい【雷】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Korean
Hanja
雷 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
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Okinawan
Kanji
Readings
Etymology
Cognate with Japanese 雷 (kaminari).
Noun
雷 (kannai)
References
- “かんない【雷】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Old Japanese
Etymology
Originally a compound of 嚴 (ika, “sternness, terribleness, imposingness”) + つ (tu, possessive particle) + 靈 (ti, “spirit, force, essence”).[1][2][3]
Noun
雷 (ikaduti) (kana いかづち)
- thunder
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, first variant poem 235, first variant:, text here
- 皇者神二四座者天雲之雷之上尓廬為流鴨
- opoki1mi1 pa kami2 ni si maseba amakumo no2 ikaduti no2 upe2 ni iporaseru ka mo
- Since our sovereign is a god, she builds a temporary palace above the thunder in the heavenly clouds.[4]
- demon or devil
Descendants
- Japanese: 雷 (ikazuchi)
See also
- 鳴神 (narukami2)
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 雷 (lôi)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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