fiar

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English

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Wikipedia

Etymology

See feuar.

Noun

fiar (plural fiars)

  1. (Scotland, law) One in whom the property of an estate is vested, subject to the estate of a liferenter.
    • 1816, Walter Scott, The Black Dwarf, 1831, A Complete Edition of the Waverley Novels, Volume 13, page 108,
      I say, since ye hae sae muckle consideration for me, I'se be blithe to accept your kindness; and my mother and me (she's a life-renter, and I am fiar, o' the lands o' Wideopen) would grant you a wadset, or an heritable bond, for the siller, and to pay the annual-rent half-yearly; and Saunders Wyliecoat to draw the bond, and you to be at nae charge wi' the writings.
  2. The price of grain in the counties of Scotland, as legally fixed on an annual basis.
    • 1817, Committee members, Report respecting the Striking of the Fiars of Grain for the Crop of 1816 for the County of Lanark, The Farmers Magazine, Volume 18, page 310,
      It seems to be a practice as improper as it is unnecessary, to strike the fiars in three different qualities of the same species of grain; and it should, in our humble opinion, be discontinued.
    • 1842, Fife Fiars, from 1619 to 1841 Inclusive, page vi,
      It was answered by the Sheriff. 1st, That the Act of Sederunt did not impose any positive injunction on Sheriffs to strike Fiars; that if the Fiars were substantially just, the Court could have no power to reduce them; and that the Act of Sederunt had never been observed in East Lothian; […] .
    • 1852, George Paterson, Historical Account of the Fiars in Scotland, page 7,
      In further confirmation that this is not the date of the origin, it may be stated, that there is very early mention of Commissaries' Fiars, Sir John Connell tracing the commencement of these so far back as the Reformation, when Commissary or Consistorial Courts were established, in place of those of the bishops or their officials; and notice is taken of the Fiars prices of grain in the records of the Commissary Court so far back as 1564—somewhat earlier than the statute above quoted.

Derived terms

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “fiar”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

Anagrams

Bavarian

Etymology 1

From Old High German furi. Cognate with German für.

Preposition

fiar

  1. Form of fia used before a vowel.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Numeral

fiar

  1. four

Catalan

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *fidō, from Latin fīdō, fīdere (“to trust”).

Pronunciation

Verb

fiar (first-person singular present fio, first-person singular preterite fií, past participle fiat)

  1. (transitive) to sell on credit
  2. (reflexive, fiar-se de) to trust
    Synonym: confiar
    Antonym: malfiar-se

Conjugation

Template:ca-conj-ar

Derived terms

Further reading

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin ferrum. Compare Italian ferro, Romanian and Romansch fier, Friulian fiêr, French fer, Sardinian ferru, Spanish hierro.

Noun

fiar m

  1. iron

Galician

Fiando

Etymology 1

From Late Latin fīlāre, from fīlum (“thread”). Compare Portuguese fiar, Spanish hilar, Italian filare, French filer.

Pronunciation

Verb

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  1. to spin (make yarn)
    • 1911, Francisco Portela Pérez, O pé da lareira:
      Fiaba a seña Marica unha boa mazaroca de liño: mollaba nos lábeos os dous pormeiros dedos da man esquerda e tirando cara abaixo faguía un fío daquel manoxo de estrigas, mentras que ca dereita enredábaio no fuso, que bailaba de demoro.
      lady Mary was spinning a large spindleful of flax: she moistened the fist two finger of her left hand on her lips and, pulling down, she was making a thread of that handful of stricks, while with her right hand she was winding it in the spindle, which danced slowly
  2. to string together, put together (words or ideas)
Conjugation

Template:gl-conj-ar

Etymology 2

From Vulgar Latin *fidare, from Latin fīdō, fīdere (“to trust”).

Pronunciation

Verb

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  1. to guarantee
  2. to sell on credit, give credit
  3. to entrust
  4. to confide
Conjugation

Template:gl-conj-ar

References

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish fiar, from Proto-Celtic *wēros (compare Welsh gŵyr), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro-s (“turned, twisted”) (compare English wire), from *weh₁y- (“turn, twist”) (compare Old Church Slavonic вити (viti), Latin vieō).

Pronunciation

Noun

fiar m (genitive singular fiair, nominative plural fiara)

  1. slant, tilt, bias, obliquity
  2. bend, twist; crookedness, perverseness

Declension

Declension of fiar

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative fiar fa
Vocative a fhiair a fhiara
Genitive fiair fiar
Dative fiar fa

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an fiar na fa
Genitive an fhiair na bhfiar
Dative leis an bhfiar

don fhiar

leis na fa

Adjective

fiar

  1. slanting, tilted, oblique, diagonal, crosswise
  2. bent, warped, crooked, perverse

Declension

Declension of fiar
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative fiar fhiar fiara;
fhiara²
Vocative fhéir fiara
Genitive fiare fiara fiar
Dative fiar;
fhiar¹ 		fhiar;
fhéir (archaic) 		fiara;
fhiara²
Comparative níos fiare
Superlative is fiare

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Verb

fiar (present analytic fiarann, future analytic fiarfaidh, verbal noun fiaradh, past participle fiartha)

  1. slant, tilt, veer, turn
  2. bend, twist, distort

Conjugation

conjugation of fiar (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present fiaraim fiarann tú;
fiarair† 		fiarann sé, sí fiaraimid fiarann sibh fiarann siad;
fiaraid† 		a fhiarann; a fhiaras /
a bhfiarann*; a bhfiaras* 		fiartar
past d'fhiar mé; d'fhiaras /
fhiar mé‡; fhiaras‡ 		d'fhiar tú; d'fhiarais /
fhiar tú; fhiarais‡ 		d'fhiar sé, sí /
fhiar sé, sí‡ 		d'fhiaramar; d'fhiar muid /
fhiaramar; fhiar muid‡ 		d'fhiar sibh; d'fhiarabhair /
fhiar sibh;
fhiarabhair‡ 		d'fhiar siad; d'fhiaradar /
fhiar siad; fhiaradar‡ 		a d'fhiar /
ar fhiar* 		fiaradh
past habitual d'fhiarainn /
fhiarainn‡; bhfiarainn‡‡ 		d'fhiartá /
fhiartá‡; bhfiartᇇ 		d'fhiaradh sé, sí /
fhiaradh sé, sí‡; bhfiaradh sé, s퇇 		d'fhiaraimis; d'fhiaradh muid /
fhiaraimis; fhiaradh muid‡; bhfiaraimis‡‡; bhfiaradh muid‡‡ 		d'fhiaradh sibh /
fhiaradh sibh‡; bhfiaradh sibh‡‡ 		d'fhiaraidís; d'fhiaradh siad /
fhiaraidís; fhiaradh siad‡; bhfiaraidís‡‡; bhfiaradh siad‡‡ 		a d'fhiaradh /
a bhfiaradh* 		d'fhiartaí /
fhiartaí‡; bhfiarta퇇
future fiarfaidh mé;
fiarfad 		fiarfaidh tú;
fiarfair† 		fiarfaidh sé, sí fiarfaimid;
fiarfaidh muid 		fiarfaidh sibh fiarfaidh siad;
fiarfaid† 		a fhiarfaidh; a fhiarfas /
a bhfiarfaidh*; a bhfiarfas* 		fiarfar
conditional d'fhiarfainn / fhiarfainn‡; bhfiarfainn‡‡ d'fhiarfá / fhiarfá‡; bhfiarfᇇ d'fhiarfadh sé, sí / fhiarfadh sé, sí‡; bhfiarfadh sé, s퇇 d'fhiarfaimis; d'fhiarfadh muid / fhiarfaimis‡; fhiarfadh muid‡; bhfiarfaimis‡‡; bhfiarfadh muid‡‡ d'fhiarfadh sibh / fhiarfadh sibh‡; bhfiarfadh sibh‡‡ d'fhiarfaidís; d'fhiarfadh siad / fhiarfaidís‡; fhiarfadh siad‡; bhfiarfaidís‡‡; bhfiarfadh siad‡‡ a d'fhiarfadh /
a bhfiarfadh* 		d'fhiarfaí / fhiarfaí‡; bhfiarfa퇇
subjunctive present go bhfiara mé;
go bhfiarad† 		go bhfiara tú;
go bhfiarair† 		go bhfiara sé, sí go bhfiaraimid;
go bhfiara muid 		go bhfiara sibh go bhfiara siad;
go bhfiaraid† 		— go bhfiartar
past dá bhfiarainn dá bhfiartá dá bhfiaradh sé, sí dá bhfiaraimis;
dá bhfiaradh muid 		dá bhfiaradh sibh dá bhfiaraidís;
dá bhfiaradh siad 		— dá bhfiartaí
imperative fiaraim fiar fiaradh sé, sí fiaraimis fiaraigí;
fiaraidh† 		fiaraidís — fiartar
verbal noun fiaradh
past participle fiartha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
fiar fhiar bhfiar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Norman

Etymology

From Latin ferus (compare French fier).

Adjective

fiar m

  1. (Guernsey) pleased

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /fiˈa(ʁ)/ [fɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfja(ʁ)/ [ˈfja(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /fiˈa(ɾ)/ [fɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfja(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /fiˈa(ʁ)/ [fɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfja(ʁ)/ [ˈfja(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /fiˈa(ɻ)/ [fɪˈa(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfja(ɻ)/
 

  • Hyphenation: fi‧ar

Etymology 1

From Late Latin fīlāre,[1] from Latin fīlum. Compare Spanish hilar, Italian filare, French filer.

Verb

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  1. to spin (thread)
  2. Template:pt-verb-form-of
Conjugation

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Etymology 2

From Vulgar Latin *fidare, from Latin fidere,[1] present active infinitive of fidō.

Verb

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  1. (Portugal) to trust
    Synonyms: confiar, acreditar
  2. Template:pt-verb-form-of
Conjugation

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “fiar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Irish fiar, from Proto-Celtic *wēros (compare Welsh gŵyr), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro-s (“turned, twisted”) (compare English wire), from *weh₁-y (“turn, twist”) (compare Old Church Slavonic вити (viti), Latin vieō).

Pronunciation

Adjective

fiar (comparative fiara)

  1. bent, crooked
  2. slanting, oblique
  3. squinting (of an eye)
  4. cunning, sly

Verb

fiar (past dh'fhiar, future fiaraidh, verbal noun fiaradh, past participle fiarte)

  1. bend (become bended)
  2. bend, slant, twist

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
fiar fhiar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “fiar”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fíar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish fiar, from Vulgar Latin *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere with a change in conjugation.

Pronunciation

Verb

fiar (first-person singular present fío, first-person singular preterite fie, past participle fiado)

  1. to guarantee
  2. to sell on credit, give credit, put on the slate
  3. to entrust
  4. to confide
  5. (reflexive) (+ de) to trust
    Synonym: confiar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fiar (i-í alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive fiar
gerund fiando
past participle masculine feminine
singular fiado fiada
plural fiados fiadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present fío fíastú
fiasvos 		fía fiamos fiais fían
imperfect fiaba fiabas fiaba fiábamos fiabais fiaban
preterite fie fiaste fio fiamos fiasteis fiaron
future fiaré fiarás fiará fiaremos fiaréis fiarán
conditional fiaría fiarías fiaría fiaríamos fiaríais fiarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present fíe fíestú
fiesvos2 		fíe fiemos fieis fíen
imperfect
(ra) 		fiara fiaras fiara fiáramos fiarais fiaran
imperfect
(se) 		fiase fiases fiase fiásemos fiaseis fiasen
future1 fiare fiares fiare fiáremos fiareis fiaren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative fíatú
fiavos 		fíe fiemos fiad fíen
negative no fíes no fíe no fiemos no fieis no fíen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of fiar (i-í alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive fiar
dative fiarme fiarte fiarle, fiarse fiarnos fiaros fiarles, fiarse
accusative fiarme fiarte fiarlo, fiarla, fiarse fiarnos fiaros fiarlos, fiarlas, fiarse
with gerund fiando
dative fiándome fiándote fiándole, fiándose fiándonos fiándoos fiándoles, fiándose
accusative fiándome fiándote fiándolo, fiándola, fiándose fiándonos fiándoos fiándolos, fiándolas, fiándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative fía
dative fíame fíate fíale fíanos not used fíales
accusative fíame fíate fíalo, fíala fíanos not used fíalos, fíalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative fia
dative fiame fiate fiale fianos not used fiales
accusative fiame fiate fialo, fiala fianos not used fialos, fialas
with formal second-person singular imperative fíe
dative fíeme not used fíele, fíese fíenos not used fíeles
accusative fíeme not used fíelo, fíela, fíese fíenos not used fíelos, fíelas
with first-person plural imperative fiemos
dative not used fiémoste fiémosle fiémonos fiémoos fiémosles
accusative not used fiémoste fiémoslo, fiémosla fiémonos fiémoos fiémoslos, fiémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative fiad
dative fiadme not used fiadle fiadnos fiaos fiadles
accusative fiadme not used fiadlo, fiadla fiadnos fiaos fiadlos, fiadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative fíen
dative fíenme not used fíenle fíennos not used fíenles, fíense
accusative fíenme not used fíenlo, fíenla fíennos not used fíenlos, fíenlas, fíense

Derived terms

Further reading

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