pena

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See also: Pena, péna, pená, penà, peña, pěna, and pę́na

Asturian

Noun

pena f (plural penes)

  1. grief; sorrow
  2. punishment
  3. sentence (for a crime)

Derived terms

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish pena.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: pe‧na
  • IPA(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.n̪a]

Noun

pena

  1. penalty
    Synonym: padusa
  2. prohibition; forbiddance
    Synonyms: pagbawal, pagprohibir, pangalad

Derived terms

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Pronunciation

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Noun

pena f (plural penes)

  1. punishment, penalty
  2. grief, sorrow, pain
  3. a shame, a pity

Derived terms

Verb

pena

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References

Galician

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Galician and Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment, penalty
    • 1370, Enrique Cal Pardo (ed.), Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo. Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:
      o bispo et esse Ferrand Bonome por si et por sa moller se obligaron su pena de mill mor. da boa moneda para gardaren a vnna parte aa outra todas estas cousas
      the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement
    Synonym: castigo
  2. pain; sadness
    • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 731:
      en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena
      so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain
    Synonyms: dor, tristura, mágoa

Etymology 2

From Old Galician and Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. vanes or blades of a water wheel
    Synonym: aspa
  2. (archaic) feather
    • 1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:
      Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:
      Eu veño con asas negras
      Cortando os ventos de longe
      Para chegar à estas festas.
      Oge Apolo me tornou
      En brancas as negras penas,
      Para cantar como o Cisne
      As grandezas de Fonseca.
      The raven speaks, listen everyone:
      "I come with black wings
      Cutting the winds from afar
      To arrive to these feasts.
      Today Apolo turned
      White my black feathers
      For singing, as the Swan,
      The greatness of Fonseca."
    Synonym: pluma
  3. (archaic) pelt
    • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé (ed.), Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria. Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:
      coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina
      all of that boiled together with a hen pelt
    Synonym: pelica
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pena do Guerreiro (rock known as "the Warrior"), Carnota, Galicia
Pena Surbia (2116 m) and Pena Trevinca (2127 m), highest mountains in Galicia

From Old Galician and Old Galician-Portuguese pena (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from Latin pinna ("feather, wing"; then "merlon, fortress"; then, hypothetically, "rock"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”).[1][2] Compare Portuguese penha.

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. boulder, rock
    • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:
      alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo
      there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high
    Synonym: penedo
  2. (archaic, place names) hill, hillock; mountain
    Synonym: cabeza
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Cf. Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “peña”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
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Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese pena. Cognate with Kabuverdianu péna.

Noun

pena

  1. feather

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay penna, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Influenced by Dutch pen. Doublet of pen.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛna]
  • Hyphenation: pè‧na

Noun

pèna (first-person possessive penaku, second-person possessive penamu, third-person possessive penanya)

  1. pen (writing utensil)

Alternative forms

  • pen (nonstandard)

Synonyms

Further reading

Italian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpe.na/
  • Rhymes: -ena
  • Hyphenation: pé‧na

Etymology 1

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun

pena f (plural pene)

  1. sorrow
  2. trouble
  3. worry, anxiety
  4. pity
  5. sentence, penalty, punishment
    Synonyms: castigo, punizione
  6. pain
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

pena

  1. inflection of penare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

  • pena in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun

pena f (plural penes)

  1. penalty, punishment

Latin

Pronunciation

Noun

pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension

  1. Alternative form of poena [Mediaeval–early New Latin]

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative pēna pēnae
Genitive pēnae pēnārum
Dative pēnae pēnīs
Accusative pēnam pēnās
Ablative pēnā pēnīs
Vocative pēna pēnae

References

  • pena in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • pena in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • pena in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun

pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)

  1. pain; suffering

Synonyms

Descendants

  • Occitan: pena

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena,[1] from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment
    Synonyms: castigo, condenação
  2. pain; sadness
    Synonyms: dor, tristeza
Derived terms

Interjection

Template:pt-interj

  1. pity (what a shame, what a pity)

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna,[1] from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

pena

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  2. feather
    Synonym: pluma
  4. quill (pen made from a feather)
  5. (dated) Alternative form of penha
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Verb

pena

  1. Template:pt-verb-form-of

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “pena”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Noun

pȅna f (Cyrillic spelling пе̏на)

  1. foam

Declension

Declension of pena
singular plural
nominative pȅna pene
genitive pene pȇnā
dative peni penama
accusative penu pene
vocative peno pene
locative peni penama
instrumental penom penama

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation

Noun

pena f (genitive singular peny, nominative plural peny, genitive plural pien, declension pattern of žena)

  1. foam

Declension

Declension of pena
singular plural
nominative pena peny
genitive peny pien
dative pene penám
accusative penu peny
locative pene penách
instrumental penou penami

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “pena”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation

Noun

pẹ́na f

  1. foam

Inflection

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, a-stem
nominative péna
genitive péne
singular
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		péna
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		péne
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		péni
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		péno
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		péni
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		péno

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.na]
  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Etymology 1

From Old Spanish pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment
    Synonyms: castigo, condena
  2. pain, sadness
    Synonyms: dolor, tristeza
  3. trouble
    Synonyms: problema, dificultad
  4. (Latin America) embarrassment
    Synonym: vergüenza
  5. pity
    Synonym: lástima
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

pena

  1. inflection of penar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

Turkish

Etymology

From Italian penna.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɛnɑ/
  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun

pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)

  1. (music) plectrum

Declension

Inflection
Nominative pena
Definite accusative penayı
Singular Plural
Nominative pena penalar
Definite accusative penayı penaları
Dative penaya penalara
Locative penada penalarda
Ablative penadan penalardan
Genitive penanın penaların

Synonyms

Venetian

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with apheresis of /a-/. Compare Italian appena, etc.

Adverb

pena

  1. hardly

Volapük

Noun

pena

  1. genitive singular of pen
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