免

See also: 兔

免 U+514D, 免 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-514D ← 兌 [U+514C] CJK Unified Ideographs 兎 → [U+514E]

免 U+FA32, 免 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA32 ← 僧 [U+FA31] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勉 → [U+FA33]

免 U+2F80E, 免 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80E ← 𠘺 [U+2F80D] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 兔 → [U+2F80F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese	免
Simplified	免
Traditional	免

Alternative forms

A variant form with 刀 rather than ⺈ on top exists.

There is another variant, in which the left-handed stroke ㇓ is written as two separate components. This variant is adopted by Japanese shinjitai.

Han character

免 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+5 in Chinese, 儿+6 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓日竹山 (NAHU), four-corner 2741₆, composition ⿱⺈⿸⿻口丿乚(GHTK) or ⿳⺈𫩏儿(JV) or ⿱刀⿸⿻口丿乚(U+FA32))

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1358
• Dae Jaweon: page 264, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 270, character 9
• Unihan data for U+514D

• Unihan data for U+FA32

• Unihan data for U+2F80E

Derived characters

• 俛, 凂, 𠲶, 𰉲, 娩, 㝃, 𡷭, 㡈, 悗, 挽, 浼, 𮥊, 𨓜, 晚(晩), 梚, 𬊕, 㻊, 脕, 𥙵, 𪽿, 睌, 䅋, 𧚇, 絻(𰬜), 𰰃, 𧖵, 𧨕, 𮚻, 𨁙, 𨉏, 輓(𬨈), 𠬍, 鋔, 𩈦, 鞔, 𩛟, 𡽏, 𣚻, 𩣦, 𰫌, 鮸(𩾃), 𮭵, 𭐅, 𩆊
• 兔, 𪞁, 勉, 𫰲, 𣆶, 𤿯, 𥇅, 𪞂, 𨌜, 𨽺, 𡢎, 𠒾, 𠓄, 𬷖, 𠓍, 𫥎, 𪾐, 𭀰, 𡨚, 𡸊, 莬, 冕, 𤲈, 𥦙, 𬞎, 𪳟, 𭔑, 𫙁, 𡿢, 𨵃

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		免

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 免
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script
Bronze inscriptions b12515 b12516 b12517 b12518 b12519 b12520 Transcribed ancient scripts L34720 L34721 L34722 L34723 L34724
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (免) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
免	*mronʔ
娩	*mronʔ, *mronʔ, *m̥ʰons, *monʔ, *mons, *muns
勉	*mronʔ
俛	*mronʔ
鮸	*mronʔ
冕	*mronʔ
絻	*mronʔ, *moːn, *muns
婏	*m̥ʰos
浼	*muːlʔ
鞔	*moːn
悗	*moːn
嬎	*m̥ʰons
晚	*monʔ
挽	*monʔ
輓	*monʔ, *mons
脕	*monʔ, *mons, *muns
莬	*muns

Pictogram (象形) – a man in a hat. Borrowed for abstract meanings. The derivative 冕 (OC *mronʔ) refers to the original word.

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 免

1. to take off; to remove from the body
2. to avoid; to escape; to evade
3. to release; to set free
4. to excuse from; to exempt
5. to discharge; to waive; to forgive
6. to remove; to dismiss (from office)
7. to be not allowed; to be forbidden to
8. (Southern Min) it is not necessary; there is no need
9. (obsolete) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 娩 (miǎn).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 不用 (“need not”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		不必, 無須, 毋庸
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		不必, 毋須, 無須, 無須乎, 不待
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	甭, 不用, 甭用
	Taiwan	不用
	Shenyang	甭
	Malaysia	不用
	Singapore	不用, 不必
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	甭
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	不用
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	不消
	Wuhan	不消, 用不著
	Kunming	不用
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	用不著
	Hefei	不用
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔使
	Hong Kong	唔使
	Macau	唔使
	Taishan	唔使, 冇使
	Dongguan	唔使
	Yangjiang	無使, 使乜
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	冇使
	Hepu (Shatian)	冇使
	Beihai	冇使
	Beihai (Nankang)	冇使
	Beihai (Yingpan)	冇使
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	冇使
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	冇使
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	冇使
	Singapore (Guangfu)	唔使
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	唔使
Gan	Nanchang	不消, 用不著
Hakka	Meixian	唔使
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	唔使
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	唔使
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	唔使
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	唔使
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	唔使
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	唔使
	Kuching (Hepo)	唔使
Jin	Taiyuan	不用
Northern Min	Jian'ou	伓讓
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	伓使
	Matsu	伓使
	Singapore (Fuqing)	伓使
Southern Min	Xiamen	毋免, 免, 毋使
	Quanzhou	毋免, 免
	Zhangzhou	毋免, 免, 毋使
	Taipei	毋免, 免
	Kaohsiung	毋免, 免
	Penang (Hokkien)	毋免, 免
	Singapore (Hokkien)	毋免, 免
	Manila (Hokkien)	毋免, 免
	Chaozhou	免, 免用
	Shantou	免, 免用
	Shantou (Chenghai)	免
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	免
	Jieyang	免, 免用
	Singapore (Teochew)	免
	Pontianak (Teochew)	免
	Wenchang	無用
	Singapore (Hainanese)	無用
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	唔使
Wu	Shanghai	勿要, 覅, 用勿著, 勿用, 好勿要, 好覅
	Suzhou	用勿著
	Ningbo	甮, 好甮
	Wenzhou	覅用, 否用
Xiang	Changsha	不消
	Shuangfeng	不消, 不要

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wèn (wen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wùn
    • Wade–Giles: wên⁴
    • Yale: wèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenn
    • Palladius: вэнь (vɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: man⁶
    • Yale: mahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: men⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn²²/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 免

1. (historical) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 絻／𰬜 (wèn, “a kind of mourning apparel”).
2. bud

Further reading

• “Entry #2885”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

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Japanese

Shinjitai	免
Kyūjitai	免

Kanji

免

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to avoid, to escape
2. to release, to set free, to discharge
3. to exempt
4. to forgive
5. to dismiss, to discharge

   Antonyms : 任

Readings

• Go-on: めん (men, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: べん (ben)
• Kun: まぬかれる (manukareru, 免れる, Jōyō)、ゆるす (yurusu, 免す)

Compounds

• (to avoid) 免疫
• (to set free) 免許, 放免
• (to exempt) 免除, 免税
• (to forgive) 赦免
• (to dismiss) 免官, 免職, 任免, 罷免

Noun

免(めん) • (men) 

1. dismissal, being made to quit

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Korean

Hanja

免 • (myeon, mun) (hangeul 면, 문, revised myeon, mun, McCune–Reischauer myŏn, mun, Yale myen, mwun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

免: Hán Nôm readings: miễn, mấy, mến, mém, mễm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.