buk

See also: Buk, BUK, búk, bûk, būk, bük, and ƀŭk

Languages (33)

Translingual • English

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Afrikaans • Blagar • Czech • Danish • Dupaningan Agta • Dutch • German • Iban • Ida'an • Indonesian • Jamaican Creole • Javanese • Karo Batak • Lower Sorbian • Maguindanao • Middle English • Middle Low German • Nigerian Pidgin • North Frisian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Frisian • Old Polish • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Swedish • Tok Pisin • Volapük • West Flemish • Yogad

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

buk

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Bukawa.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Bukawa terms

English

A buk

Etymology

Borrowed from Korean 북 (buk).

Noun

buk (plural buks)

1. a traditional Korean drum

Further reading

• Buk (drum) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch bukken, from Middle Dutch bucken, from Old Dutch *bukken, from Proto-Germanic *bukkijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bœk/

Verb

buk (present buk, present participle bukkende, past participle gebuk)

1. (intransitive) to crouch, to duck

Blagar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buk/

Noun

buk

1. book

References

• H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bukъ, apparently from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech tree”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbuk]

Noun

buk m inan (diminutive bouček)

1. beech (beech tree)

Declension

Declension of buk (velar masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	buk	buky
genitive	buku	buků
dative	buku	bukům
accusative	buk	buky
vocative	buku	buky
locative	buku	bucích
instrumental	bukem	buky

Derived terms

• bučina
• buk lesní
• bukový
• bukvice

Further reading

• “buk”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “buk”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “buk”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Danish

Noun

buk

1. ram (male sheep)
2. male goat

Dupaningan Agta

Noun

buk

1. head hair

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʏk

Verb

buk

1. inflection of bukken:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buːk/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

buk

1. first/third-person singular preterite of backen

Usage notes

Sometimes treated as weak verb (backte). See backen.

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *buək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək, from Proto-Austronesian *bukəS.

Noun

buk

1. (anatomy) hair

Ida'an

Etymology

From English book.

Noun

buk

1. book

References

• Nelleke Elisabeth Goudswaard, The Begak (Ida'an) language of Sabah (2005)

Indonesian

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈbuk/ [ˈbʊk̚]
• Rhymes: -uk
• Syllabification: buk

Noun

buk (plural buk-buk)

1. thud, bam; a sound of a large ripe fruit or heavy object falling to the ground

   Synonyms: debuk, gedebuk

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈbuʔ/ [ˈbʊʔ]
• Rhymes: -uʔ
• Syllabification: buk

Noun

buk

1. (vocative, informal) Alternative form of ibu (“mother; madam”)

Etymology 3

From Dutch boek (“to book”) or English book (“to book”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈbuk/ [ˈbʊk̚]
• Rhymes: -uk
• Syllabification: buk

Verb

buk

1. (colloquial) to book, to reserve

   Synonym: pesan

Derived terms

• mengebuk

Further reading

• “buk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Derived from English book.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bʊk/

Noun

buk (plural buk dem, quantified buk)

1. book

Further reading

• buk at majstro.com
• buk on the Jamaican Creole Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^jam

Javanese

Alternative forms

• Carakan: ꦧꦸꦏ꧀
• Roman: boek (dated)

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch boek (“book”).

Noun

buk (krama ngoko buk)

1. Alternative spelling of buku

References

• The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011) “buk”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN

Karo Batak

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək, from Proto-Austronesian *bukəS.

Noun

buk

1. hair (filament which grows on the human head)

References

• Ahmad Samin Siregar et al. (2001). Kamus Bahasa Karo–Indonesia. Medan: Balai Pustaka, p. 30.

Lower Sorbian

buki

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bukъ. Cognate with Upper Sorbian buk, Polish buk, Czech buk, Russian бук (buk), and Serbo-Croatian bȕkva.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buk/

Noun

buk m inan

1. beech (tree of genus Fagus)
2. (specifically) European beech, Fagus sylvatica

Declension

Declension of buk

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	buk	buka	buki
Genitive	buka	bukowu	bukow
Dative	bukoju	bukoma	bukam
Accusative	buk	buka	buki
Instrumental	bukom	bukoma	bukami
Locative	buku	bukoma	bukach

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “buk”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “buk”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Maguindanao

Noun

buk

1. head hair

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

buk

1. Alternative form of bok (“book”)

Etymology 2

Noun

buk

1. Alternative form of bouk (“belly”)

Etymology 3

Noun

buk

1. Alternative form of bukke (“buck”)

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Old Saxon būk, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, body”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buːk/

Noun

bûk m (genitive bukes, dative buke)

1. stomach, belly, abdomen, torso
2. carcass (a slaughtered animal)

Synonyms

• lif (body, figurative for belly)
• mage (stomach)

Nigerian Pidgin

Noun

buk

1. book

North Frisian

Alternative forms

• bök (Mooring)
• Bok (Sylt)

Etymology

From Old Frisian bōk, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Compare West Frisian boek.

Noun

buk n (plural buken)

1. (Föhr-Amrum) book

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse búkr.

Noun

buk m (definite singular buken, indefinite plural buker, definite plural bukene)

1. belly, abdomen, stomach

Synonyms

• mage

Derived terms

• buktaler

References

• “buk” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse búkr.

Noun

buk m (definite singular buken, indefinite plural bukar, definite plural bukane)

1. belly, abdomen, stomach

Synonyms

• mage

Derived terms

• buktalar

References

• “buk” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Frisian

Noun

būk m

1. belly

Inflection

Declension of būk (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	būk	būkar, būka
accusative	būk	būkar, būka
genitive	būkes	būka
dative	būke	būkum, būkem

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵosder.

Proto-Germanic *bōkōbor.

Proto-Slavic *bukъ

Old Polish buk

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bukъ. First attested in 1398.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /buk/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /buk/

Noun

buk m animacy unattested (related adjective bukowy)

1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) common beech (Fagus sylvatica)
   • 1856-1870 [1398], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki‎^[1], volume VIII, number 7586:

     Pro CCC arboribus buk

     [Pro CCC arboribus buk]

   • 1868 [1451], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎^[2], volume XII, page 210:

     Ubicunąue fagus al. buk seu szyr fructum dederit in silvis regalibus

     [Ubicunąue fagus al. buk seu żyr fructum dederit in silvis regalibus]

   • 1868 [1460], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎^[3], volume VIII, page 137:

     In quo scopulo stat arbor dicta fagus al. buk

     [In quo scopulo stat arbor dicta fagus al. buk]

   • 1864 [15th century], Jan Długosz, edited by Aleksander Przezdziecki, Liber beneficiorum dioecesis Cracoviensis nunc primum e codice autographo‎^[4], volume III, Krakow, page 356:

     Stant duae arbores, videlicet iawor et buk

     [Stant duae arbores, videlicet iawor et buk]

   • 1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎^[5], number 10832:

     Buk fagus

     [Buk fagus]

   • 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎^[6], number 220:

     Buk faginula

     [Buk faginula]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 49v:

     Fagus est quedam arbor eyn buchenbawme bvk

     [Fagus est quedam arbor eyn buchenbawme buk]

   • 1861 [1422], Józef Przyborowski, editor, Vetustissimam adiectivorum linguae Polonae declinationem monumentis ineditis illustravit, Greater Poland, page 16:

     Ty dwa kona, *czosme wsal Jaroszeuiczu oth buku tym wsal w prawem

     [Ty dwa konia, cośm wziął Jaroszewiczu ot buku, tym wziął w prawem]

   • 1874-1891 [XV p. pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎^{[7], [8], [9]}, volume XVI, page 346:

     S buk w de fago

     [S buk w de fago]

   • [1415], Rękopiśmienne luźne ekscerpty z ksiąg ziemskich i grodzkich kościańskich, poznańskich oraz pyzdrskich, number f. 39v, Kościan, Poznań, Pyzdry:

     Sexagena bukow, grabi, brostow

     [Sexagena bukow, grabi, brzostow]

2. (hapax legomenon) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. boxwood (Buxus sempervirens)
   • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 73:

     Buk buxus

     [Buk buxus]

Derived terms

nouns

• buczyna

Related terms

nouns

• bukiew
• bukowie
• bukowina

Descendants

• Polish: buk
• Silesian: buk

References

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “buk”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Mańczak, Witold (2017) “buk”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “buk”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “buk”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “buk”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 176
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “buk”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “buk”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Polish

buk

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵosder.

Proto-Germanic *bōkōbor.

Proto-Slavic *bukъ

Old Polish buk

Polish buk

Inherited from Old Polish buk.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈbuk/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈbuk/
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Przemyśl) IPA^(key): [ˈbuk]
• (Borderlands):
  • (Southern Borderlands) IPA^(key): [ˈbuk]

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uk
• Syllabification: buk
• Homophones: bóg, Bóg, Bug, Buk

Noun

buk m inan (diminutive buczek, related adjective bukowy)

1. beech (any tree of the genus Fagus)
2. (Przemyśl, Southern Boderlands, Kamianets-Podilskyi) thick stick; club

   Hypernym: kij

3. (Przemyśl) hit, blow

   Synonym: uderzenie

Declension

Declension of buk

	singular	plural
nominative	buk	buki
genitive	buku/buka	buków
dative	bukowi	bukom
accusative	buk	buki
instrumental	bukiem	bukami
locative	buku	bukach
vocative	buku	buki

Noun

buk m inan

1. beechwood (wood of the beech tree)

   Synonym: buczyna

Declension

Declension of buk

	singular	plural
nominative	buk	buki
genitive	buku	buków
dative	bukowi	bukom
accusative	buk	buki
instrumental	bukiem	bukami
locative	buku	bukach
vocative	buku	buki

Derived terms

nouns

• buczyna
• bukiew
• bukowate
• bukowina
• bukówka

Further reading

• buk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• buk in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• buk in PWN's encyclopedia
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “buk”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Jadwiga Chotkowska (27.09.2012) “BUK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “buk”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “buk”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “buk”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 230
• Jan Karłowicz (1900) “buk”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 135
• buk in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
• Aleksander Saloni (1908) “buk”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 332

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From bȕka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bûːk/

Noun

bȗk m (Cyrillic spelling бу̑к)

1. cascade, rapids, cataract
2. waterfall

   Synonym: vodopad

3. the sound of a strong water stream

Declension

Declension of buk

	singular	plural
nominative	bȗk	bȕkovi/bȗci
genitive	buka	bukova/buka
dative	buku	bukovima/bucima
accusative	buk	bukove/buke
vocative	buče	bukovi/buci
locative	buku	bukovima/bucima
instrumental	bukom	bukovima/bucima

References

• “buk”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Silesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵosder.

Proto-Germanic *bōkōbor.

Proto-Slavic *bukъ

Old Polish buk

Silesian buk

Inherited from Old Polish buk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbuk/
• Rhymes: -uk
• Syllabification: buk

Noun

buk m inan (diminutive buczek, related adjective bukowy)

1. beech (any tree of the genus Fagus)

Further reading

• buk in silling.org
• Eugeniusz Kosmała (2023) “buk”, in Dykcjōnôrz Polsko-Ślonskiy (in Silesian), b, page 120

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish būker, from Old Norse búkr, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw-. Doublet of buga, böja, and bukt.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ʉːk

Noun

buk c

1. belly
2. abdomen
3. paunch

Declension

Declension of buk

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	buk	buks
	definite	buken	bukens
plural	indefinite	bukar	bukars
	definite	bukarna	bukarnas

Derived terms

• bukfena
• bukfetma
• bukfylla
• bukgjord
• bukhinna
• bukhinneinflammation
• bukhåla
• bukig
• bukighet
• buklanda
• buklandning
• bukmuskel
• buksmärta
• bukspott (“pancreatic juice”)
• bukspottkörtel
• bukstinn
• buksvamp
• buksvåger (“Eskimo brother”)
• buktala
• buktalare
• buktaleri
• bukvägg
• girigbuk
• hängbuk
• isterbuk
• vassbuk

References

• buk in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• buk in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• buk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• Svensk MeSH
• buk in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

• kub

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English book.

Noun

buk

1. book

Descendants

• → Rotokas: vuku
• → Takia: buk

Volapük

Etymology

From English book.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buk/

Noun

buk (nominative plural buks)

1. book
   • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 15:

     Buk, keli elegivol obe, binon jönik.

     The book you have given to me is beautiful.

Declension

Declension of buk

	singular	plural
nominative	buk	buks
genitive	buka	bukas
dative	buke	bukes
accusative	buki	bukis
vocative 1	o buk!	o buks!
predicative 2	buku	bukus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

• bukabled
• bukem
• bukeman
• bukemik
• buk fliodik
• bukik
• bukiselidöp
• bukitanädan
• fliodabuk
• lebuk
• vödabuk

See also

• fliod
• gased

West Flemish

Etymology

From Middle Dutch buc, variant of boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bək/

Noun

buk m (plural buks, diminutive buktje)

1. buck, male goat, male rabbit

Yogad

Noun

buk

1. hair