滅

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See also: 灭
滅 U+6EC5, 滅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EC5
← 滄
[U+6EC4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 滆 →
[U+6EC6]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Japan

(Swap strokes 5 and 4
for Chinese;
additionally,
swap strokes 13 and 12
for Taiwan.)

Han character

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滅 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹火 (EIHF), four-corner 33150, composition ⿰氵烕)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 642, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18008
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1049, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1696, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6EC5

Chinese

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trad. 滅
simp. 灭

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 滅
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (戌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
滅 *med
搣 *med
烕 *hmed
戌 *smid
珬 *smid
銊 *smid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *med) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 烕 (OC *hmed) – to destroy with water (extinguish, flood).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-miːt (“to extinguish; to shut abruptly; to wink; to blink; to die”). Matisoff compares Burmese မှိတ် (hmit, “(of eyes) to close; (of light) to put out, to switch off”) and possibly Tibetan མེད (med, “to not exist”). Cognate Chinese characters include:

  • 烕 (OC *hmed, “to destroy; to cause destruction”)
  • 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd, “to destroy”)

The Old Chinese *e ~ Proto-Tibeto-Burman *i vowel discrepancy may be explained by a reanalysis of the proto-etymon in Chinese, as derived from 隳 (OC *hmai, “to destroy”) + suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2009), although 隳 is reconstructed in the Baxter-Sagart and Zhengzhang systems as having an *l-like initial. The direct Chinese comparandum of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mit may be 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to disappear; to die; to perish in water”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 滅
Mandarin Beijing /miɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /miɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /nie⁵³/
/mie⁵³/
Jinan /miə²¹/
Qingdao /miə⁴²/
/niə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /miɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /miɛ²¹/
Xining /mɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /nie¹³/
/mie¹³/
Lanzhou /miə¹³/
Ürümqi /miɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mie²¹³/
Chengdu /mie³¹/
Guiyang /mie²¹/
Kunming /miɛ³¹/
Nanjing /mieʔ⁵/
Hefei /miɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /miəʔ²/
Pingyao /miʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /miaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /miɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /miəʔ³/
Hangzhou /miəʔ²/
Wenzhou /mi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /me²²/
Tunxi /miɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mie²⁴/
Xiangtan /mie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /miɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /met̚⁵/
Taoyuan /met̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mit̚²/
Nanning /mit̚²²/
Hong Kong /mit̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /biat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /miɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /mik̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /mit̚³/
Rime
Character 滅
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 薛 (81)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 亡列切
Baxter mjiet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/miᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/miɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mjæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/miat̚/
Li
Rong 		/miɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/mĭɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/mi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		miè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mit6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 滅
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		miè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjiet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[m]et/
English destroy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 滅
Reading # 1/1
No. 13942
Phonetic
component 		戌
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		滅
Old
Chinese 		/*med/
Notes 烕轉註

Definitions

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滅

  1. to obliterate; to wipe out; to eradicate; to conquer
    滅國弒君／灭国弑君  ―  mièguóshìjūn  ―  to obliterate a country and kill its ruler
  2. to be destroyed; to perish; to die
  3. to disappear; to vanish
  4. to extinguish (a fire); (of light or fire) to go out
  5. to turn off (light, lamp, etc.)
  6. to alter (handwriting)

Synonyms

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  • (to extinguish):
edit

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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滅

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. destroy
  2. die, perish, disappear
  3. fall, collapse

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 滅 (MC mjiet).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

滅 (eumhun 멸망할 멸 (myeolmanghal myeol))

  1. hanja form? of 멸 (“destroy”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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滅: Hán Nôm readings: diệt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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