鹼
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 鹼 |
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Shinjitai (extended) |
鹸 |
Simplified | 碱 |
Han character
[edit]鹼 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 卜田人一人 (YWOMO), four-corner 28686, composition ⿰鹵僉)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1508, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47576
- Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4611, character 21
- Unihan data for U+9E7C
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 鹼 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 碱 | |
alternative forms | 堿 鹻 礆/硷 𠑲 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 鹼 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
歛 | *qʰlaːm |
臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
匳 | *ɡ·ram |
獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
籢 | *ɡ·ram |
斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
殮 | *ɡ·rams |
簽 | *skʰlam |
僉 | *skʰlam |
憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
檢 | *kramʔ |
瞼 | *kramʔ |
儉 | *ɡramʔ |
顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
驗 | *ŋrams |
險 | *qʰramʔ |
劒 | *kams |
劍 | *kams |
𩏩 | *qʰam |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam) : semantic 鹵 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan2
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): giĕng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiám / kiⁿ
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ke; 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
- Wade–Giles: chien3
- Yale: jyǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaan2
- Yale: gáan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan2
- Guangdong Romanization: gan2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kién / kián
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˋ / gianˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian3 / gian3
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en³¹/, /ki̯an³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kiám - literary;
- kiⁿ - vernacular (俗).
- Middle Chinese: tshjem, keamX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːmʔ/, /*skʰlam/
Definitions
[edit]鹼
- sodium carbonate
- (chemistry) (soluble) alkali
- Antonym: 酸 (suān)
- (chemistry, chiefly Mainland China) base (soluble or not)
- (dialectal) soap
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 偽麻黃鹼/伪麻黄碱 (wěimáhuángjiǎn)
- 古柯鹼/古柯碱 (gǔkējiǎn)
- 吐根鹼/吐根碱
- 咖啡鹼/咖啡碱 (kāfēijiǎn)
- 弱鹼/弱碱 (ruòjiǎn)
- 強鹼/强碱
- 水鹼/水碱
- 汗鹼/汗碱
- 洋鹼/洋碱 (yángjiǎn)
- 燒鹼/烧碱 (shāojiǎn)
- 生物鹼/生物碱 (shēngwùjiǎn)
- 石鹼/石碱 (shíjiǎn)
- 硫酸菸鹼/硫酸烟碱
- 純鹼/纯碱 (chúnjiǎn)
- 膽鹼/胆碱 (dǎnjiǎn)
- 苛性鹼/苛性碱 (kēxìngjiǎn)
- 茶葉鹼/茶叶碱
- 茶鹼/茶碱 (chájiǎn)
- 菸鹼/烟碱 (yānjiǎn)
- 菸鹼酸/烟碱酸
- 酸鹼值/酸碱值
- 酸鹼度/酸碱度
- 鹼中毒/碱中毒 (jiǎnzhòngdú)
- 鹼化/碱化 (jiǎnhuà)
- 鹼土/碱土 (jiǎntǔ)
- 鹼土金屬/碱土金属 (jiǎntǔ jīnshǔ)
- 鹼地/碱地 (jiǎndì)
- 鹼基/碱基 (jiǎnjī)
- 鹼大/碱大
- 鹼度/碱度
- 鹼性/碱性 (jiǎnxìng)
- 鹼性電池/碱性电池
- 鹼性食品/碱性食品
- 鹼水/碱水 (jiǎnshuǐ)
- 鹼粽/碱粽 (jiǎnzòng)
- 鹼荒/碱荒
- 鹼酐/碱酐
- 鹼金屬/碱金属 (jiǎnjīnshǔ)
- 鹼類/碱类
- 鹽鹼地/盐碱地 (yánjiǎndì)
References
[edit]- “鹼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]鹸 | |
鹼 |
Kanji
[edit]鹼
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鹸)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: けん (ken)←けん (ken, historical)←けむ (kemu, ancient); せん (sen)←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)
- Kan-on: かん (kan)←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient); せん (sen)←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)
- Kan’yō-on: けん (ken)
- Kun: あく (aku, 鹼)
Definitions
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 鹼 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 鹼, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading けむ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading せん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading せん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading せむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading かむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading せん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading せむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あく
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters