до-
See also: до and Appendix:Variations of "do"
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *do.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]до- • (do-)
- (used with verbs) up to, until, ad-
- (used with verbs) completely, fully (describing a completion of an action to its end)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- до (do)
Anagrams
[edit]Old Church Slavonic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *do.
Prefix
[edit]до- • (do-)
- (used with verbs) up to
- (used with verbs) completely (describing a completion of an action to its end)
- (used with adjectives and nouns) pre-, ante- (earlier in time)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- до (do)
Russian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]до- • (do-)
- (used with verbs) up to
- (used with verbs) completely (describing a completion of an action to its end)
- (colloquial, derogatory, used with reflexive verbs) and get in trouble, and get what's coming to one (describing actions, often risky or excessive, which result in negative consequences)
- до- (do-) + бе́гать (bégatʹ, “to run”) → добе́гаться (dobégatʹsja, “to run until one runs into trouble”)
- до- (do-) + игра́ться (igrátʹsja, “to play around”) → доигра́ться (doigrátʹsja, “to play stupid games, win stupid prizes”)
- (used with adjectives and nouns) pre-, ante- (earlier in time)
- до- (do-) + истори́ческий (istoríčeskij, “historic”) → доистори́ческий (doistoríčeskij, “prehistoric”)
Usage notes
[edit]- The stressed variant is found in the following situations:
- the past participle of verbs with a one-syllable root ending in -ать: e.g. до́сланный (dóslannyj) from досла́ть (doslátʹ), до́рванный (dórvannyj) from дорва́ть (dorvátʹ);
- the past tense of some verbs with a one-syllable root: e.g. до́лил, доли́л (dólil, dolíl, masculine singular past tense) from доли́ть (dolítʹ, “to fill by pouring, to pour more”);
- some deverbal nouns: e.g. до́говор (dógovor, “contract, agreement, treaty”) from договори́ться (dogovorítʹsja, “to agree”), до́мысел (dómysel, “guesswork, speculation”) from домы́слить (domýslitʹ), до́пуск (dópusk, “access, admittance”) from допуска́ть (dopuskátʹ, “to admit”);
- some adverbs: e.g. до́низу (dónizu, “to the bottom”), до́чиста (dóčista, “until spotless”).
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- до (do)
Ukrainian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ді- (di-) (used in certain closed syllables)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Ruthenian до- (do-), from Old East Slavic до- (do-), from Proto-Slavic *do.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]до- • (do-)
- (added to verbs) to, up to, until (indicates reaching a certain (often implied) point in space or time)
- до- (do-) + бі́гти impf (bíhty, “to run”) → добі́гти pf (dobíhty, “to run (to; as far as), to get to, to reach”)
- до- (do-) + чека́ти impf (čekáty, “to wait”) → дочека́ти pf (dočekáty, “to wait until”)
- до- (do-) + рости́ impf (rostý, “to grow”) → дорости́ pf (dorostý, “to grow (to; as tall/high as), to reach (height, age, amount, etc.), to be old enough for/to”)
- (added to verbs; usually combined with -ся (-sja)) indicates reaching a specific goal or result
- до- (do-) + би́тися impf (býtysja, “to fight”) → доби́тися pf (dobýtysja, “to achieve, to attain, to gain”)
- до- (do-) + вести́ impf (vestý, “to lead, to take”) → довести́ pf (dovestý, “to prove, to evidence”)
- до- (do-) + мо́вити impf (móvyty, “to say”) + -ся (-sja) → домо́витися pf (domóvytysja, “to agree on, to come to an agreement”)
- до- (do-) + працюва́ти impf (pracjuváty, “to work”) + -ся (-sja) → допрацюва́тися pf (dopracjuvátysja, “to get promoted to, to work yourself into (grave, nervous breakdown, etc.)”)
- (added to verbs) indicates completion
- до- (do-) + роби́ти impf (robýty, “to do, to make, to work”) → дороби́ти pf (dorobýty, “to finish doing, to finish working, to complete”)
- до- (do-) + би́ти impf (býty, “to hit, to strike”) → доби́ти pf (dobýty, “to finish off, to kill off, to finish”)
- до- (do-) + гра́ти impf (hráty, “to play”) → догра́ти pf (dohráty, “to finish playing, to be done playing”)
- до- (do-) + ї́сти impf (jísty, “to eat”) → дої́сти pf (dojísty, “to finish (meal), to eat (up)”)
- (added to verbs) indicates addition or furthering a previous process
- (added to nouns and adjectives) pre-, ante- (prior to in time)
- до- (do-) + істо́рія f (istórija, “to history”) → доісто́рія f (doistórija, “prehistory”)
- до- (do-) + пото́п m (potóp, “flood, deluge”) + -ний (-nyj) → допото́пний (dopotópnyj, “antediluvian”)
- до- (do-) + індустріа́льний (industriálʹnyj, “industrial”) → доіндустріа́льний (doindustriálʹnyj, “preindustrial”)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- недо- (nedo-)
Categories:
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian prefixes
- Old Church Slavonic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic lemmas
- Old Church Slavonic prefixes
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian prefixes
- Russian verbal prefixes
- Russian colloquialisms
- Russian derogatory terms
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian prefixes