剛

See also: 刚

Translingual

Han character

剛 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月山中弓 (BULN), four-corner 7220₀, composition ⿰岡刂)

Derived characters

• 𭡺, 𬌧, 𫅙, 𮢪, 𡬼, 𪮚, 𠠊

Related characters

• 刚 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 141, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2042
• Dae Jaweon: page 320, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 344, character 10
• Unihan data for U+525B

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Chinese

trad.		剛
simp.		刚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kông

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gong¹

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gang
    • Wade–Giles: kang¹
    • Yale: gāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
    • Palladius: ган (gan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gong¹
    • Yale: gōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
    • Hakka Romanization System: gong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
    • Tâi-lô: kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
    • Tâi-lô: kang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: kang

Rime
Character	剛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Baxter	kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	剛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁaŋ/
English	strong; hard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剛
Reading #	1/1
No.	3713
Phonetic component	岡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 剛

1. firm; strong; hard

   他的性格是剛與柔的結合。 [MSC, trad.]
   他的性格是刚与柔的结合。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā de xìnggé shì gāng yǔ róu de jiéhé. [Pinyin]

   His character is a combination of strength and kindness.

2. just; exactly

   剛好／刚好  ―  gānghǎo  ―  just, exactly

3. only a short while ago; just

   剛才／刚才  ―  gāngcái  ―  just now; a moment ago

   剛剛／刚刚  ―  gānggāng  ―  just now; only

   他剛回來。／他刚回来。  ―  Tā gāng huílái.  ―  He has just came back.

4. barely; just

   一個月1000元的工資，剛夠他吃飯。 [MSC, trad.]
   一个月1000元的工资，刚够他吃饭。 [MSC, simp.]

   Yī ge yuè 1000 yuán de gōngzī, gāng gòu tā chīfàn. [Pinyin]

   He earns 1000 yuan a month, barely enough for food.

5. as soon as; only at this moment

   他剛做完工作，鈴就響了 [MSC, trad.]
   他刚做完工作，铃就响了 [MSC, simp.]

   tā gāng zuòwán gōngzuò, líng jiù xiǎng le [Pinyin]

   The moment he finished his work, the bell rang.

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

剛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. sturdy

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kan’yō-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)
• Kun: つよい (tsuyoi, 剛い); こわい (kowai)

Proper noun

剛(たけし) • (Takeshi) 

1. a male given name

剛(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi) 

1. a male given name

剛(ごう) • (Gō) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

剛 (eum 강 (gang))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

剛: Hán Nôm readings: cương, cang

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.