島

See also: 岛, 嶋, 嶌, and 嶹

Translingual

Han character

島 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹日卜山 (HAYU), four-corner 2772₇)

See also

• 嶼

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 312, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8108
• Dae Jaweon: page 612, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 775, character 14
• Unihan data for U+5CF6

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Chinese

trad.		島
simp.		岛
alternative forms		㠀 嶋 嶌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 島
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (鳥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
島	*tuːwʔ
搗	*taːwʔ
鵃	*rtɯːw, *rtɯːw, *tjiw
瞗	*tɯːw
鳥	*tɯːwʔ
蔦	*tɯːwʔ, *tɯːws
窵	*tɯːws

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːwʔ) : phonetic 鳥 (OC *tɯːwʔ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”).

島

Etymology

Reminiscent of Mon လ္ကံ (from Proto-Mon-Khmer *tkɔɔʔ), but probably not related (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dǎo (dao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˇ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): до (do, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dou²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): au²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tó

  (Meixian, Guangdong): dau³

• Eastern Min (BUC): dō̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tó / tó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dao²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵tau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dǎo
    • Wade–Giles: tao³
    • Yale: dǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dao
    • Palladius: дао (dao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: до (do, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dou²
    • Yale: dóu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dou²
    • Guangdong Romanization: dou²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: au²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /au⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tó
    • Hakka Romanization System: do`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: do³
    • Sinological IPA: /to³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: dau³
    • Sinological IPA: /tau³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dō̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /to³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó
    • Tâi-lô: tó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doir
    • IPA (Tainan): /tɤ⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /to⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Yilan, Magong, Lukang, Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó͘
    • Tâi-lô: tóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dor
    • IPA (Taipei, Yilan): /tɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Lukang): /tɔ⁵⁵/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dao²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: táu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵tau
    • MiniDict: tau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tɔ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tawX

Rime
Character	島
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都晧切
Baxter	tawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑuX/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑuX/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tawX/
Li Rong	/tɑuX/
Wang Li	/tɑuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/tɑuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤuʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuːwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	島
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tawX ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁuʔ/
English	island
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	島
Reading #	1/1
No.	9507
Phonetic component	鳥
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	倒
Old Chinese	/*tuːwʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 島

1. island

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

島

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
• Kun: しま (shima, 島, Jōyō)

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
島
しま Grade: 3
kun’yomi

• 嶋, 嶌

Etymology 1

/sima/ → /ɕima/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *sima.

Noun

島(しま) • (shima) 

1. an island (land surrounded by water)
2. one's domain, territory, turf
3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 島島(しまじま), 島々(しまじま) (shimajima)
• 縞(しま) (shima, “streak, stripe”)
• 島影(しまかげ) (shimakage)
• 島国(しまぐに) (shimaguni)
• 島尻(しまじり) (Shimajiri)
• 島育(しまそだ)ち (shimasodachi)
• 島台(しまだい) (shimadai)
• 島流(しまなが)し (shimanagashi)
• 淡路(あわじ)島(しま) (Awaji-shima)
• 硫黄(いおう)島(じま) (Iōjima)
• 小(お)島(じま) (ojima)
• 渡島(おしま) (Oshima)
• 大島(おおしま) (Ōshima)
• 沖縄(おきなわ)島(じま) (Okinawa-jima)
• 沖(おきの)永良部(えらぶ)島(じま) (Okinoerabu-jima)
• 加計呂麻(かけろま)島(じま) (Kakeroma-jima)
• 鹿児(かご)島(しま) (Kagoshima)
• 小(こ)島(じま) (kojima)
• 先島(さきしま)諸島(しょとう) (Sakishima-shotō)
• 桜島(さくらじま) (Sakurajima)
• 宝(たから)島(じま) (Takarajima)
• 津(つ)島(しま) (Tsushima)
• 佃(つくだ)島(じま) (Tsukudajima)
• 出(で)島(じま) (Dejima)
• 徳之島(とくのしま) (Tokunoshima)
• 離(はな)れ島(じま) (hanarejima)
• 広島(ひろしま) (Hiroshima)
• 福島(ふくしま) (Fukushima)
• 与論(よろん)島(じま) (Yoron-jima)

Proper noun

島(しま) • (Shima) 

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
島
とう Grade: 3
on’yomi

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

From Middle Chinese 島 (MC tawX).

Affix

島(とう) • (tō) ^{←たう (tau)?}

1. island

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 島嶼(とうしょ) (tōsho)
• 島民(とうみん) (tōmin)
• 硫黄(いおう)島(とう) (Iōtō)
• 遠島(えんとう) (entō)
• 群島(ぐんとう) (guntō)
• 孤島(ことう) (kotō)
• 七島(しちとう) (shichitō)
• 諸島(しょとう) (shotō)
• 小島(しょうとう) (shōtō)
• 渡島(ととう) (totō)
• 半島(はんとう) (hantō)
• 本島(ほんとう) (hontō)
• 離島(りとう) (ritō)
• ルソン島(とう) (Ruson-tō)
• 列島(れっとう) (rettō)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 島 (MC tawX). Recorded as Middle Korean 도〯 (twǒ) (Yale: two) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

島 (eumhun 섬 도 (seom do))

1. Hanja form^? of 도 (“island”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 도국 (島國, doguk)
• 도민 (島民, domin)
• 도배 (島配, dobae)
• 도서 (島嶼, doseo)
• 도중 (島中, dojung)
• 고도 (孤島, godo)
• 군도 (群島, gundo)
• 반도 (半島, bando)
• 송도 (松島, Songdo)
• 열도/렬도 (列島, yeoldo/ryeoldo)
• 주도 (洲島, judo)
• 천도 (千島, Cheondo)
• 다도해 (多島海, dadohae)
• 제주도 (濟州島, Jejudo)
• 한반도 (韓半島, Hanbando)
• 화산도 (火山島, hwasando)
• 위화도회군 (威化島回軍, Wihwadohoegun)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Kunigami

Kanji

島

• Kun: しまー (shimā)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕimaː/

Noun

島 (hiragana しまー, romaji shimā)

1. a community
2. an island

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Miyako

Kanji

島

• Kun: すま (suma)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ss̩ma/

Noun

島 (hiragana すま, romaji suma)

1. a community
2. an island

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Okinawan

Kanji

島

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): とー (tō)
• Kun: しま (shima, 島, Jōyō)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima, from Proto-Japonic *sima. Cognate with Japanese 島 (shima).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕima/

Noun

島(しま) (shima) 

1. a community
2. an island

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 島(しま)国(くに) (shimakuni)
• 島(しま)国(ぐに) (shimaguni)
• 島(しま)米(ぐみ) (shimagumi)
• 島者(しまー) (shimā)
• 島(しま)言葉(くとぅば) (shimakutuba)
• 島(しま)口(ぐち) (shimaguchi)
• 南(ふぇー)ぬ島者(しまー) (fēnushimā)
• 島(しま)尻(じり) (Shimajiri)
• 島(しま)尻(じり)方(ほー) (Shimajirihō)
• 島(しま)流(なが)し (shimanagashi)
• 島(しま)袋(ぶく) (Shimabuku)
• 鳥(とぅい)島(しま) (Tuishima)
• 先(さち)島(しま) (Sachishima)
• 大(うー)島(しま) (Ūshima)
• 大(うー)東(あがり)島(じま) (Ūagari-jima)
• 鹿(か)児(ぐ)島(しま) (Kagushima)
• 黒(くる)島(しま) (Kurushima)
• 桜(さくら)島(じま) (Sakurajima)
• 宝(たから)島(じま) (Takarajima)
• 徳(とぅく)之(ぬ)島(しま) (Tukunushima)
• 離(はな)り島(じま) (hanarijima)
• 道(みち)ぬ島(しま) (Michinushima)
• 硫黄(ゆおー)ヶ島(しま) (Yuōgashima)

References

• “シマ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

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Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *sima.

Noun

島 (sima) (kana しま)

1. an island
2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 島島 (simazima)
• 島隠る (simagakuru)
• 島門 (simato₁)
• 島廻 (simami₂)
• 島山 (simayama)
• 敷島, 磯城島 (Siki₂sima)

Descendants

• Japanese: 島 (shima)

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Vietnamese

Han character

島: Hán Việt readings: đảo (都(đô)老(lão)切(thiết))
島: Nôm readings: đảo, láo

1. Template:han tu form of

Compounds

Compounds

• 島國 (đảo quốc)
• 島嶼 (đảo tự)
• 半島 (bán đảo)
• 冰島 (băng đảo)
• 蓬島 (bồng đảo)
• 崑島 (côn đảo)
• 海島 (hải đảo)
• 溟島 (minh đảo)
• 羣島/群島 (quần đảo)
• 三島 (tam đảo)
• 新島 (tân đảo)

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Yaeyama

Kanji

島

• Kun: しぃま (sïma)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɨma/

Noun

島 (hiragana しぃま, romaji sïma)

1. a community
2. an island

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Yonaguni

Kanji

島

• Kun: ちま (chima)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sima.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ɕima/

Noun

島 (hiragana ちま, romaji chima)

1. a community
2. an island