精神

Chinese

		energy; perfect; excellent energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient	God; unusual; mysterious God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being
trad. (精神)		精	神
simp. #(精神)		精	神

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīngshén

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ san⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chîn-sṳ̀n
• Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng-sìng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-sîn
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹jin-zen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshén
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingshén
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên²
    • Yale: jīng-shén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshern
    • Palladius: цзиншэнь (czinšɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (精神兒／精神儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshénr
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingshénr
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên²-ʼrh
    • Yale: jīng-shénr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingsherl
    • Palladius: цзиншэньр (czinšɛnʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂəɻ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zing¹ san⁴
    • Yale: jīng sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn-sṳ̀n
    • Hakka Romanization System: jin^ˊ siin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: jin¹ sin²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sin²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng-sìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)niŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-sîn
    • Tâi-lô: tsing-sîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zengsiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹jin-zen
    • MiniDict: jin^平 zen
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jjin-zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin⁵⁵ zən²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsjeng zyin

Rime
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	子盈切	食鄰切
Baxter	tsjeng	zyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇŋ/	/ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛŋ/	/ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæŋ/	/ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajŋ/	/ʑin/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛŋ/	/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛŋ/	/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛŋ/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	shén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing1	san4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tseŋ  Cə.li[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ  hlin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng	shén
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjeng ›	‹ zyin ›
Old Chinese	/*tseŋ/	/*Cə.li[n]/
English	fine rice; pure	spirit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	11327	11245
Phonetic component	生	申
Rime group	耕	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	精	神
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleŋ/	/*hlin/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 精神

1. spirit; soul; will

   創業精神／创业精神  ―  chuàngyè jīngshén  ―  enterprising spirit

   工匠精神  ―  gōngjiàng jīngshén  ―  craftsman's spirit

   批判精神  ―  pīpàn jīngshén  ―  critical spirit

2. (psychology) mind; mental state
3. energy; vigour; drive

   他的父親看起來是一位精神矍鑠的老人。 [MSC, trad.]
   他的父亲看起来是一位精神矍铄的老人。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā de fùqīn kànqilai shì yī wèi jīngshén juéshuò de lǎorén. [Pinyin]

   His father looks like a sprightly old man.

4. essence; gist

Synonyms

• (energy): 功夫 (gōngfu), 精力 (jīnglì), 氣力／气力 (qìlì)

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 精神

1. (attributive) spiritual; immaterial; cultural

   精神家園／精神家园  ―  jīngshén jiāyuán  ―  spiritual home

2. (attributive) mental; psychiatric; psychological

See also

• 神經／神经 (shénjīng, “nerve; neurotic”)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīngshen, jīngshén

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ˙ㄕㄣ, ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ san⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chîn-sṳ̀n
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-sîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshen
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ˙ㄕㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingshe̊n
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên⁵
    • Yale: jīng-shen
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing.shen
    • Palladius: цзиншэнь (czinšɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən²/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshén
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingshén
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên²
    • Yale: jīng-shén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshern
    • Palladius: цзиншэнь (czinšɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zing¹ san⁴
    • Yale: jīng sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn-sṳ̀n
    • Hakka Romanization System: jin^ˊ siin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: jin¹ sin²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sin²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-sîn
    • Tâi-lô: tsing-sîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zengsiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 精神

1. lively; active; brisk; in good spirits; spirited; energetic
2. (Northeastern Mandarin) pretty; handsome
3. (Jianghuai Mandarin) cautious; alert
4. (Jiaoliao Mandarin) shrewd

Verb

精神

1. (Hokkien) to wake up; to be awake

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (精神):

• → Japanese: 精神(せいしん) (seishin)
• → Korean: 정신(精神) (jeongsin)
• → Vietnamese: tinh thần (精神)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
精	神
せい Grade: 5	しん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
精神 (kyūjitai)

Noun

精(せい)神(しん) • (seishin) 

1. psyche; spirit; soul; mind; will
   • 2003 November 20, “ゴギガ・ガガギゴ [Gogiga Gagagigo]”, in 天空の聖域 [The Sanctuary in the Sky], Konami:

     既(すで)に精(せい)神(しん)は崩(ほう)壊(かい)し、肉(にく)体(たい)は更(さら)なるパワーを求(もと)めて暴(ぼう)走(そう)する。その姿(すがた)にかつての面(おも)影(かげ)はない…。

     Sude ni seishin wa hōkaishi, nikutai wa saranaru pawā o motomete bōsōsuru. Sono sugata ni katsute no omokage wa nai….

     His mind long since collapsed, his body recklessly continues craving even more power. He no longer resembles his former self….

Derived terms

• 精神界(せいしんかい) (seishinkai, “the spiritual world”)
• 精神的(せいしんてき) (seishin-teki, “mental, emotional”)
• 精神(せいしん)病(びょう) (seishinbyō, “a mental illness”)
• 精神(せいしん)力(りょく) (seishinryoku, “mental power”)
• 精神(せいしん)医(い)学(がく) (seishin igaku, “psychiatry”)
• 精神(せいしん)異(い)常(じょう) (seishin ijō, “mental derangement”)
• 精神衛生(せいしんえいせい) (seishin eisei, “mental health”)
• 精神鑑定(せいしんかんてい) (seishin kantei, “a psychiatric test”)
• 精神(せいしん)教(きょう)育(いく) (seishin kyōiku, “moral education”)
• 精神主(せいしんしゅ)義(ぎ) (seishin shugi, “spiritualism, idealism”)
• 精神障害(せいしんしょうがい) (seishin shōgai, “mental disorder”)
• 精神状態(せいしんじょうたい) (seishin jōtai, “one's state of mind”)
• 精神神経(せいしんしんけい)科(か) (seishin shinkeika, “neuropsychiatry”)
• 精神(せいしん)遅(ち)滞(たい) (seishin chitai, “mental retardation”)
• 精神年齢(せいしんねんれい) (seishin nenrei, “mental age”)
• 精神(せいしん)の中(なか) (seishin no naka, “"In the spirit of..." etc.”)
• 精神薄(せいしんはく)弱(じゃく) (seishin hakujaku, “mental deficiency”)
• 精神病院(せいしんびょういん) (seishin byōin, “a mental hospital”)
• 精神病学(せいしんびょうがく) (seishin byōgaku, “psychiatry”)
• 精神分析(せいしんぶんせき) (seishin bunseki, “psychoanalysis”)
• 精神療(せいしんりょう)法(ほう) (seishin ryōhō, “psychotherapy”)
• 精神安定剤(せいしんあんていざい) (seishin anteizai, “a tranquilizer”)
• 精神的外(せいしんてきがい)傷(しょう) (seishin-teki gaishō, “a trauma”)
• 精神病患者(せいしんびょうかんじゃ) (seishinbyō kanja, “a mental patient”)
• 精神分裂(せいしんぶんれつ)症(しょう) (seishin bunretsushō, “schizophrenia”)
• 愛社精神(あいしゃせいしん) (aishaseishin)
• 開拓精神(かいたくせいしん) (kaitakuseishin)
• 攻撃精神(こうげきせいしん) (kōgekiseishin)
• 在(ざい)野(や)精神(せいしん) (zaiyaseishin)
• 時(じ)代精神(だいせいしん) (jidaiseishin)
• 団体精神(だんたいせいしん) (dantaiseishin)
• 抵抗精神(ていこうせいしん) (teikōseishin)
• 反骨精神(はんこつせいしん) (hankotsuseishin)
• 反俗精神(はんぞくせいしん) (hanzokuseishin)
• 民族精神(みんぞくせいしん) (minzokuseishin)
• 開拓者精神(かいたくしゃせいしん) (kaitakushaseishin)
• 起(き)業(ぎょう)家(か)精神(せいしん) (kigyōkaseishin)

 

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Korean

Hanja in this term
精	神

Noun

精神 • (jeongsin) (hangeul 정신)

1. hanja form^? of 정신 (“spirit, mind”)

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
精	神

Noun

精神

1. chữ Hán form of tinh thần (“spirit, mind”).