芝

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See also: 艺

Template:character info/new

芝 U+2F991, 芝
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F991
← 芋
[U+2F990] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 劳 →
[U+2F992]

Translingual

Han character

芝 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese, 6 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿戈弓人 (TINO), four-corner 44307, composition ⿱艹之)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1019, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30699
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3176, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+829D

Chinese

trad. 芝
simp. # 芝
alternative forms 𦭩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 芝
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (之) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
之 *tjɯ
芝 *tjɯ
志 *tjɯs
痣 *tjɯs
娡 *tjɯs
誌 *tjɯs
蚩 *tʰjɯ
妛 *tʰjɯ
嗤 *tʰjɯ
媸 *tʰjɯ
旹 *djɯ
滍 *diʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) – a type of plant.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 芝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 止而切
Baxter tsyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cɨ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiə/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 芝
Reading # 1/1
No. 17189
Phonetic
component 		之
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		之
Old
Chinese 		/*tjɯ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 芝

  1. lingzhi
  2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 芷.
  3. a surname

Compounds

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Japanese

Kanji

芝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. turf, lawn, grass

Readings

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
芝: common grass, especially as found in lawns.
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese. One of the oldest attested words in the Japanese language, used in the Man'yōshū and Nihon Shoki.

This character usually means a type of fungus in Chinese. However, it was also used phonetically in 芝麻 (*chimæ, “sesame”) (modern Mandarin 芝麻 (zhīmá)), and it seems that the Japanese use of this character for the sense of grass may have come from this sesame sense in Chinese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

芝(しば) • (shiba) 

  1. grass, turf
    芝付乃 御宇良佐伎奈流 根都古具佐 安比見受安良婆 安礼古非米夜母。[1]
    芝(しば)付(つき)の　御宇良崎(みうらさき)なる　ねつこ草(ぐさ)　相見(あひみ)ずあらば　我(あ)れ恋(こ)ひめやも。
    Shibatsukino miurasakinaru netsukogusa ahimizuaraba arekohimeyamo.
    The anemone flowers on grassy Miura Point; if we hadn't seen each other, I probably wouldn't be so in love.
  2. short for 芝見 (​shibami): hiding in the grass and spying on one's enemies or scouting out the situation; a spy in the grass
Derived terms
Derived terms

Template:der-mid

  • 芝繋 (しばつなぎ, ​shiba tsunagi):
  • 芝見 (しばみ, ​shibami):
  • 芝原 (しばはら, ​shibahara):
  • 芝公園 (しばこうえん, ​shiba kōen):
  • 芝采 (しばざい, ​shibazai):
  • 芝菜 (しばな, ​shibana):
  • 芝桜 (しばざくら, ​shibazakura):
  • 芝山 (しばやま, ​shibayama):
  • 芝山古墳群 (しばやまこふんぐん, ​Shibayama Kofun-gun): a group of kofun tombs in Chiba Prefecture
  • 芝煮 (しばに, ​shibani):
  • 芝手 (しばて, ​shibate):
  • 芝手水 (しばちょうず, ​shibachōzu):
  • 芝焼 (しばやき, ​shibayaki) alternate for 野焼 (​noyaki):
  • 芝大神宮 (しばだいじんぐう, ​Shiba Daijingū):
  • 芝神明 (しばしんめい, ​Shiba Shinmei) alternate for 芝大神宮 (​Shiba Daijingū):
  • 芝神明祭 (しばしんめいまつり, ​Shiba Shinmei Matsuri):
  • 芝菅 (しばすげ, ​shibasuge):
  • 芝摺 (しばすり, ​shibasuri):
  • 芝切 (しばきり, ​shibakiri):
  • 芝切神事 (しばきりしんじ, ​Shibakiri Shinji):
  • 芝全交 (しばぜんこう, ​Shiba Zenkō):
  • 芝祐泰 (しばすけひろ, ​Shiba Sukehiro):
  • 芝打 (しばうち, ​shiba uchi):
  • 芝打長 (しばうちなが, ​shiba uchinaga):
  • 芝茸 (しばたけ, ​shibatake): alternate for 網茸 (​amitake), a type of mushroom
  • 芝築地 (しばついじ, ​shibatsuiji):
  • 芝田楽 (しばでんがく, ​shiba dengaku):
  • 芝土居 (しばどい, ​shiba doi):
  • 芝突 (しばつき, ​shibatsuki):
  • 芝能 (しばのう, ​Shiba Nō): alternate for 薪能 (​Takigi Nō), a type of Noh play
  • 芝派 (しばは, ​shibaha):
  • 芝野 (しばの, ​shibano):
  • 芝矢 (しばや, ​shibaya):
  • 芝蘭堂 (しらんどう, ​Shirandō): an academy of Western learning in the late Edo period
  • 芝離宮 (しばりきゅう, ​Shiba Rikyū): an imperial villa, formerly located on the shores of the bay in Minato-ku, Tōkyō, later converted into a park
  • 芝露 (しばつゆ, ​shiba tsuyu): dew on grass

Proper noun

芝(しば) or 芝(proper) • (shiba or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|しは']]

  1. a surname

Verb

芝(しば)する • (shiba suru) suru (stem 芝(しば)し (shiba shi), past 芝(しば)した (shiba shita))

  1. short for 芝見 (​shibami): to hide in the grass and spy on one's enemies or scout out the situation
Conjugation
Conjugation of "芝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 芝し しばし shiba shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 芝し しばし shiba shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 芝する しばする shiba suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 芝する しばする shiba suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 芝すれ しばすれ shiba sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 芝せよ¹
芝しろ² 		しばせよ¹
しばしろ² 		shiba seyo¹
shiba shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 芝される しばされる shiba sareru
Causative 芝させる
芝さす 		しばさせる
しばさす 		shiba saseru
shiba sasu
Potential 芝できる しばできる shiba dekiru
Volitional 芝しよう しばしよう shiba shiyō
Negative 芝しない しばしない shiba shinai
Negative continuative 芝せず しばせず shiba sezu
Formal 芝します しばします shiba shimasu
Perfective 芝した しばした shiba shita
Conjunctive 芝して しばして shiba shite
Hypothetical conditional 芝すれば しばすれば shiba sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Compound of し (shi, adjectival ending) +‎ 様 (sama, “kind, type”).[2] The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji 芝 was used as an ateji, probably based on its on'yomi of shi.

Pronunciation

Noun

芝(しざま) • (shizama) 

  1. (grammar, obsolete) “shi-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii
    This is the nomenclature used in the grammar devised by 富士谷成章 (Fujitani Nariakira), a classical Japanese scholar and grammarian in the middle Edo period. Modern i adjectives still had the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) ending in -shi in the mid-Edo period, hence Fujitani's description of these as the “shi-type” of adjective.

Etymology 3

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 芝 (*chi). Compare modern Mandarin 芝 (zhī).

Pronunciation

Affix

芝(し) or 芝(affix) • (shi or affix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|し]]

  1. the 万年茸 (​mannentake) mushroom
Derived terms
Derived terms

Template:der-mid

  • 霊芝 (れいし, ​reishi): alternate for 万年茸 (​mannentake), a type of mushroom

Etymology 4

Used as ateji in various surnames.

Proper noun

芝(しはざき) or 芝(proper) • (shihazaki or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|しはさき']]

  1. a surname

Proper noun

芝(しばさき) or 芝(proper) • (shibasaki or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|しはさき']]

  1. a surname

Proper noun

芝(しばざき) or 芝(proper) • (shibazaki or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|しはさき]]

  1. a surname

Proper noun

芝(しばたか) or 芝(proper) • (shibataka or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|しはたか']]

  1. a surname

References

  1. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3508:
    ; [1]
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

芝 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 芝 (chi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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