辟
Translingual
Han character
辟 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸口卜廿十 (SRYTJ), four-corner 70641, composition ⿰𡰪辛)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1251, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38642
- Dae Jaweon: page 1730, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4037, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8F9F
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
辟 |
---|
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
嬖 | *peːɡs |
薜 | *beːɡs, *preːɡ |
鐾 | *beːɡs |
臂 | *peɡs |
譬 | *pʰeɡs |
避 | *beɡs |
檗 | *preːɡ |
擘 | *preːɡ |
糪 | *preːɡ, *pʰreːɡ |
掰 | *preːɡ |
繴 | *breːɡ, *peːɡ |
辟 | *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ |
璧 | *peɡ |
鐴 | *peɡ |
躄 | *peɡ |
襞 | *peɡ |
僻 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
癖 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
廦 | *pʰeɡ, *peːɡ |
擗 | *beɡ |
躃 | *beɡ |
闢 | *beɡ |
壁 | *peːɡ |
鼊 | *peːɡ |
霹 | *pʰeːɡ |
劈 | *pʰeːɡ |
澼 | *pʰeːɡ |
憵 | *pʰeːɡ |
甓 | *beːɡ |
鷿 | *beːɡ |
幦 | *mbeːɡ |
In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish.
〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed:
- Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”.
- Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead.
- Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning.
〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law.
In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010).
Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme ((deprecated template usage) 《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bì
- Wade–Giles: pi4
- Yale: bì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
- Palladius: би (bi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bik1
- Yale: bīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: bik7
- Guangdong Romanization: big1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
- Tâi-lô: pik
- Phofsit Daibuun: peg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
- Tâi-lô: piak
- Phofsit Daibuun: piag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
- Tâi-lô: phik
- Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiak
- Tâi-lô: phiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: phiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiak̚⁵/
- phiah - vernacular;
- pek/piak, phek/phiak - literary.
- Middle Chinese: bjiek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤek/, /*[N]-pek/, /*pek/
- (Zhengzhang): /*peɡ/, /*beɡ/
Definitions
- law
- ruler
- government official
- dead husband
- large
- crime
- punishment
- to administer
- to learn from
- clear
- to call up
- rule
- to twiddle hemp
- to remove
- to refute
- a kind of animal similar to spider
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 襞 (bì).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 避 (bì).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 嬖 (bì).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 躄 (bì).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 壁 (bì).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 璧 (bì).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 臂 (bì).
- a surname
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): pik1
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): pĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): bĭk
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pì
- Wade–Giles: pʻi4
- Yale: pì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pih
- Palladius: пи (pi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pik1
- Yale: pīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: pik7
- Guangdong Romanization: pig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phit
- Hakka Romanization System: pid`
- Hagfa Pinyim: pid5
- Sinological IPA: /pʰit̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /piʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
- Tâi-lô: phik
- Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiak
- Tâi-lô: phiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: phiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pêg4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phek
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰek̚²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 辟 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /pi⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /pʰi²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /pʰi⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /pi²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /pʰi⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /pʰi²⁴/ /pi³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /pʰi⁵³/ | |
Xining | /pʰji⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /pʰi⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /pʰi¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /pi²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /pʰi²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /pʰi³¹/ /pʰie³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /pʰi²¹/ | |
Kunming | /pʰi³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /piʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /pʰiəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /piəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /pʰiʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /pʰiəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /pʰiɪʔ⁵/ /piɪʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /pʰiəʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /pʰiəʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /pi²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /pʰiʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /pi⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /pʰi²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /pʰi²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /pʰit̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /pʰit̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰek̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /pʰek̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /pʰek̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pik̚³²/ /pʰik̚³²/ 復~ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /piʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pʰi²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰek̚²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /fek̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: phjiek
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰeɡ/
Definitions
- to open
- to open up
- to develop
- to defense
- perimeter
- humble
- remote
- evil
- side
- inclined
- small
- despicable people; baggage; bitch
- half
- thorough
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 繴 (bì).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 椑 (pí).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 擗 (pǐ).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 擘 (bò).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 甓 (pì).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 紕/纰 (pī).
Compounds
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Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 辟 – see 闢 (“to open; to settle; to develop; to open up”). (This character is the simplified form of 闢). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 辟 – see 弭 (“to stop; to put an end to; to remove; bow decorated with bone or ivory at the ends; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 弭). |
Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of 辟 – see 僻 (“to avoid; to evade; unorthodox; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 僻). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
Kanji
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)←ひやく (fyaku, historical); びゃく (byaku)←びやく (byaku, historical)
- Kan-on: へき (heki)
- On: はく (haku); ひ (hi); び (bi)
- Kun: きみ (kimi, 辟); ひらく (hiraku, 辟く); めす (mesu, 辟す)
Korean
Hanja
辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) (hangeul 백, 벽, 피, 비, 미, revised baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi, McCune–Reischauer paek, pyŏk, p'i, bi, mi, Yale payk, pyek, phi, pi, mi)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
辟: Hán Nôm readings: vếch, tích, bích, thịch, tịch, phích, thí
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading へき
- Japanese kanji with on reading はく
- Japanese kanji with on reading ひ
- Japanese kanji with on reading び
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