様: difference between revisions
Undo revision 49547937 by Lucarubis (talk) -- slashes show broader /phonemic/ transcription, not the stricter [phonetic] transcription given in the pronunciation section Tag: Undo |
Poketalker (talk | contribs) →Japanese: Expanding, more expansion needed |
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{{ja-kanji|grade=3|rs=木10|kyu=樣}} |
{{ja-kanji|grade=3|rs=木10|kyu=樣}} |
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# [[ |
# [[certain]] [[form]] or [[way]] |
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# [[condition]], [[state]] |
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# [[design]], [[pattern]] |
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# {{n-g|indicates [[humble]]ness or [[polite]]ness}} |
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====Readings==== |
====Readings==== |
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|goon=よう<やう |
|goon=よう<やう |
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|kanon=よう<やう |
|kanon=よう<やう |
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|kanyoon=しょう<しやう |
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|kun=さま- |
|kun=さま- |
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}} |
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As variant ''kanji'' of {{ja-l|橡}}: |
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{{ja-readings |
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|goon=ぞう<ざう |
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|kanon=しょう<しやう |
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|kun=くぬぎ-, とち- |
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}} |
}} |
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====Usage notes==== |
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When written in {{m|ja|草体|tr=sōtai||highly-[[cursive]]}} style, this ''kanji'' form is called {{m|ja|平様|tr=hira-zama|lit=[[common]] [[form]]}} to distinguish from the ''kyūjitai'' form {{m|ja|永様|tr=ei-sama|lit={{ja-l|永}}-form}}, and its variant froms {{m|ja|次様|tr=tsugi-zama|pos=for {{ja-l|檨}}|lit={{ja-l|次}}-form}} and {{m|ja|美様|tr=bi-zama|pos=for {{ja-l|𣖙}}|lit={{ja-l|美}}-form}}. |
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===Etymology 1=== |
===Etymology 1=== |
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<div style="float:right;"> |
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{{wikipedia|lang=ja}} |
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{{wikipedia|Japanese honorifics}} |
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</div> |
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{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=o|よう}} |
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=o|よう}} |
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{{IPAchar|/ |
{{IPAchar|/jɨau/}} → {{IPAchar|/jɔː/}} → {{IPAchar|/joː/}} |
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From {{ |
From {{bor|ja|ltc|sort=よう|-}} {{ltc-l|樣|tr=*jɨɐŋ<sup>H</sup>}}. |
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====Pronunciation==== |
====Pronunciation==== |
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{{ja-pron| |
{{ja-pron|y=o|よう|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}} |
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====Noun==== |
====Noun==== |
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# [[way]], [[style]], [[appearance]] |
# [[way]], [[style]], [[appearance]] |
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=====Derived terms===== |
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{{der-top}} |
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* {{ja-r|様式|ようしき}} |
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* {{ja-r|様子|ようす}} |
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* {{ja-r|様相|ようそう}} |
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* {{ja-r|様態|ようたい}} |
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* {{ja-r|模様|もよう}} |
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{{der-bottom}} |
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====Adjective==== |
====Adjective==== |
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# be [[like]], look like, seem like, [[as if]], having the likeness of |
# be [[like]], look like, seem like, [[as if]], having the likeness of |
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#: {{ja-usex|まるで夢を見ている'''様'''だ。|^まる で ゆめ を みて いる '''よう''' だ。|It felt '''as if''' I were dreaming.}} |
#: {{ja-usex|まるで夢を見ている'''様'''だ。|^まる で ゆめ を みて いる '''よう''' だ。|It felt '''as if''' I were dreaming.}} |
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# {{lb|ja|as {{ja |
# {{lb|ja|as {{m|ja|様に|tr=yō ni}}}} I [[hope]]; I [[pray]]; [[may]] |
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#: {{ja-usex|成%功します'''ように'''。|せい%こう します '''よう に'''。|'''I wish''' [myself/you] success.}} |
#: {{ja-usex|成%功します'''ように'''。|せい%こう します '''よう に'''。|'''I wish''' [myself/you] success.}} |
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=====Usage notes===== |
=====Usage notes===== |
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* In contemporary Japanese, this term is often written in hiragana. |
* In contemporary Japanese, this term is often written in hiragana. |
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* Traditional Japanese grammar analyzes this term as a {{ |
* Traditional Japanese grammar analyzes this term as a {{m|ja|助動詞|tr=jodōshi||auxiliary verb}}, {{m|ja|ようだ|tr=yō da}}, from the noun {{m|ja|様|tr=yō}} and the auxiliary verb {{m|ja|だ}}. |
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=====Derived terms===== |
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{{der-top}} |
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* {{ja-r|様々|ようよう|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|様様|ようよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|ようだ|yō da}} |
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* {{ja-r|異様|いよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|如何様|いかよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|一様|いちよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|今様|いまよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|大様|おおよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|各様|かくよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|唐様|からよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|異様|ことよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|左様|さよう|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|然様|さよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|多様|たよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|体様|たいよう|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|態様|たいよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|同様|どうよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|何様|なによう}} |
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* {{ja-r|一様|ひとよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|文様|もんよう}} |
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* {{ja-r|和様|わよう}} |
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{{der-bottom}} |
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====Proper nonun==== |
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{{ja-pos|proper|よう|hhira=やう|kyu=樣}} |
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# {{given name|female|lang=ja|A=a|nodot=1|sort=よう}} |
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===Etymology 2=== |
===Etymology 2=== |
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<div style="float:right;"> |
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{{wp|lang=ja}} |
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{{wp|Japanese honorifics}} |
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</div> |
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{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|さま}} |
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|さま}} |
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From {{ |
From {{bor|ja|ojp|sort=さま|-}}. Originally a compound of {{compound|lang=ja|sort=さま|さ|tr1=sa|t1=that|pos1=pronominal indicating a person, place, thing, or direction in the middle distance|ま|tr2=ma|t2=likeness, way, similarity|pos2=suffix indicating a quality}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> |
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====Pronunciation==== |
====Pronunciation==== |
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{{ja-noun|さま|kyu=樣}} |
{{ja-noun|さま|kyu=樣}} |
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# a person's [[appearance]] {{qualifier|as of body, or style, or face, etc.}} |
# a [[person]]'s [[appearance]] {{qualifier|as of [[body]], or [[style]], or [[face]], etc.}} |
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# the [[state]] or [[situation]] of a thing |
# the [[state]] or [[situation]] of a thing |
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#: {{ja-usex|鋭敏。感覚が鋭いこと。また、その'''さま'''。|えいびん。かんかく が するどい こと。また、その '''さま'''。|''Eibin.'' For the senses to be sharp. Or, '''the state''' of being such.|ref=[https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%8B%AD%E6%95%8F]}} |
#: {{ja-usex|鋭敏。感覚が鋭いこと。また、その'''さま'''。|えいびん。かんかく が するどい こと。また、その '''さま'''。|''Eibin.'' For the senses to be sharp. Or, '''the state''' of being such.|ref=[https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%8B%AD%E6%95%8F]}} |
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# the [[way]] or [[means]] of doing something, [[how]] one does something |
# the [[way]] or [[means]] of doing something, [[how]] one does something |
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# the [[reason]] or [[circumstances]] for something |
# the [[reason]] or [[circumstances]] for something |
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=====Derived terms===== |
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{{der-top}} |
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* {{ja-r|様々|さまざま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|様様|さまざま}} |
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* {{ja-r|有様|ありさま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|有り様|ありさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|如何%様|いか%さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|永様|えい-さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|お互い様|おたがいさま}}, {{ja-r|御%互い様|お%たがいさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|御%馳走%様|ご%-ちそう%さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|異様|ことざま}} |
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* {{ja-r|逆様|さかさま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|倒|さかさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|次様|つぎ-ざま}} |
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* {{ja-r|続け様|つづけざま}} |
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* {{ja-r|外%様|と%ざま}} |
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* {{ja-r|何様|なにさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|美%様|び%-ざま}} |
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* {{ja-r|平様|ひら-ざま}} |
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* {{ja-r|外様|ほかざま}}, {{ja-r|外様|ほかさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|皆様|みなさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|横様|よこさま}} |
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{{der-bottom}} |
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====Pronoun==== |
====Pronoun==== |
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{{ja-pos|pronoun|さま|kyu=樣}} |
{{ja-pos|pronoun|さま|kyu=樣}} |
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# {{lb|ja|sort=さま|archaic|honorific}} {{n-g|second-person pronoun |
# {{lb|ja|sort=さま|archaic|honorific}} {{n-g|[[second-person]] pronoun}}: [[you]], [[you all]] |
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# {{lb|ja |
# {{lb|ja|archaic|honorific}} {{n-g|[[third-person]] [[distal]] pronoun}}: [[he]], [[she]], [[they]] {{qualifier|distant from both speaker and listener}} |
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=====Usage notes===== |
=====Usage notes===== |
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Used primarily by women of the [[red-light district]]s of the {{w|Edo period}}.<ref name="KDJ" |
Used primarily by women of the [[red-light district]]s of the {{w|Edo period}}.<ref name="KDJ"/> |
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The pronoun senses have largely fallen into disuse. These originated as [[abbreviation]]s of longer forms {{m|ja|君様|tr=kimisama|lit=lord + that way}}, {{m|ja|方様|tr=katasama|lit=that side + that way}}, or {{m|ja|貴様|tr=kisama|lit=noble + that way}}, with the ''-sama'' suffix (see below) developing into an independent use. |
The pronoun senses have largely fallen into disuse. These originated as [[abbreviation]]s of longer forms {{m|ja|君様|tr=kimisama|lit=lord + that way}}, {{m|ja|方様|tr=katasama|lit=that side + that way}}, or {{m|ja|貴様|tr=kisama|lit=noble + that way}}, with the ''-sama'' suffix (see below) developing into an independent use. |
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{{ja-pos|さま|suffix|ざま|kyu=樣}} |
{{ja-pos|さま|suffix|ざま|kyu=樣}} |
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# {{lb|ja |
# {{lb|ja|honorific}} {{n-g|polite personal suffix}}: [[honorable]], [[Mr.]], [[Ms.]] |
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#: {{ja-usex|吉田'''様'''が来られました。|^よしだ-'''さま''' が こられました。|'''Mr.''' ['''honorable'''] |
#: {{ja-usex|吉田'''様'''が来られました。|^よしだ-'''さま''' が こられました。|'''Mr.''' ['''honorable'''] Yoshida has come here.}} |
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# {{lb|ja |
# {{lb|ja|honorific}} {{n-g|attaching to nouns or other nominals}}: ''a [[politeness]] marker that often has no direct translation, replacing [[copula]]'' {{ja-l||です|desu}} |
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#: {{ja-usex|ご苦労'''様'''。|ごくろう'''さま'''。|You have done well ['''honorable'''].}} |
#: {{ja-usex|ご苦労'''様'''。|ごくろう'''さま'''。|You have done well ['''honorable'''].}} |
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# {{n-g|attaching to specific nouns or other nominals |
# {{n-g|attaching to specific nouns or other nominals}}: [[that]] [[way]], that [[direction]] |
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#: {{ja-usex|逆'''様'''、横'''様'''|さか'''さま'''、 よこ'''さま'''|back'''wards''', side'''ways'''}} |
#: {{ja-usex|逆'''様'''、横'''様'''|さか'''さま'''、 よこ'''さま'''|back'''wards''', side'''ways'''}} |
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# {{lb|ja |
# {{lb|ja|archaic}} {{n-g|attaching to verbs}}: [[just]] [[as]] {{qualifier|indicating the specific time when the verb is happening}} |
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# {{n-g|attaching to verbs |
# {{n-g|attaching to verbs}}: the [[way]] of doing something, [[how]] one does something {{qualifier|often undergoes [[rendaku]], changing ''-sama'' to ''-zama''}} |
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#: {{ja-usex|座り'''様'''|すわり'''さま'''|'''how''' one sits}} |
#: {{ja-usex|座り'''様'''|すわり'''さま'''|'''how''' one sits}} |
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=====Usage notes===== |
=====Usage notes===== |
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The honorific senses developed out of [[euphemistic]] use of the noun sense of ''sama'', “that way”, as an [[oblique]] form of reference, starting from around the {{w|Muromachi period}}.<ref name="KDJ" |
The honorific senses developed out of [[euphemistic]] use of the noun sense of ''sama'', “that way”, as an [[oblique]] form of reference, starting from around the {{w|Muromachi period}}.<ref name="KDJ"/> |
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The ''-sama'' suffix after personal names is more respectful than the everyday {{ja-r|さん}}, and is generally only used when being very [[polite]]. Gender-neutral. This is sometimes glossed as {{m|en|honorable}}, but {{m|en|honorable}} is also used as a [[title]], such as for [[judge]]s or [[governor]]s or certain ranks of [[nobility]], whereas ''-sama'' is purely about politeness and relative social closeness. |
The ''-sama'' suffix after personal names is more respectful than the everyday {{ja-r|-さん}}, and is generally only used when being very [[polite]]. Gender-neutral. This is sometimes glossed as {{m|en|honorable}}, but {{m|en|honorable}} is also used as a [[title]], such as for [[judge]]s or [[governor]]s or certain ranks of [[nobility]], whereas ''-sama'' is purely about politeness and relative social closeness. |
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==== |
=====Derived terms===== |
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{{der-top |
{{der-top}} |
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* {{ja-r|さん}} |
* {{ja-r|さん|-san}} |
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* {{ja-r|様々|さまさま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|様様|さまさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|君|くん}} |
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* {{ja-r| |
* {{ja-r|王様|おう-さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|お蔭様|おかげさま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|御%蔭%様|お%かげ%さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|殿|どの}} |
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* {{ja-r|お客%様|おきゃく%-さま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|御%客%様|お%きゃく%-さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|奥様|おくさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|お日%様|おひ%さま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|御日%様|おひ%さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|お姫%様|おひめ%-さま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|御%姫%様|お%ひめ%-さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|神様|かみさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|貴%様|き%さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|殿様|との-さま}} |
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* {{ja-r|姫様|ひ.いさま}} |
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* {{ja-r|皆様|みな-さま}} |
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{{der-bottom}} |
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=====See also===== |
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{{der-top|Personal honorifics}} |
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* {{ja-r|君|-くん}} |
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* {{ja-r|ちゃん|-chan}} |
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* {{ja-r|殿|-どの}} |
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{{der-bottom}} |
{{der-bottom}} |
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===Etymology 3=== |
===Etymology 3=== |
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{{ja-kanjitab |
{{ja-kanjitab|ちゃま|yomi=irr}} |
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Childish version of ''sama'' above.<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> Compare the formation of {{ja-r|ちゃん}} from {{ja-r|さん}}. |
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Childish version of ''sama'' above.<ref name="DJR"/> Compare the formation of {{ja-r|-ちゃん}} from {{ja-r|-さん}}. |
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====Pronunciation==== |
====Pronunciation==== |
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{{ja-pos|ちゃま|suffix|kyu=樣}} |
{{ja-pos|ちゃま|suffix|kyu=樣}} |
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# {{lb|ja|sort=ちゃま|childish}} honorific suffix |
# {{lb|ja|sort=ちゃま|childish}} {{n-g|honorific suffix}}: ''Same as'' {{ja-l||さま|sama}} ''above'' |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
Revision as of 05:08, 13 October 2018
Translingual
Traditional | 樣 |
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Shinjitai | 様 |
Simplified | 样 |
Glyph origin
Japanese shinjitai Simplified from 樣 (羕 → 𣴎); compare bottom of 暴.
Right component is approximately 𦍌 + 氺.
Han character
様 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿土水 (DTGE) or 難木廿土水 (XDTGE), composition ⿰木𣴎)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 546, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15352
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 2, page 1284, character 6
- Unihan data for U+69D8
Chinese
Etymology 1
For pronunciation and definitions of 様 – see 樣 (“appearance; form; shape; look; expression; air; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 樣). |
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 様 – see 橡 (“Acorn.; A tree in the genus.”). (This character is a variant form of 橡). |
Japanese
様 | |
樣 |
Kanji
(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 樣)
- certain form or way
- condition, state
- design, pattern
- indicates humbleness or politeness
Readings
- Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)←やう (yau, historical)
- Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)←やう (yau, historical)
- Kun: さま (sama, 様, Jōyō)
As variant kanji of 橡:
- Go-on: ぞう (zō)←ざう (zau, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: くぬぎ (kunugi, 様); とち (tochi, 様)
Usage notes
When written in 草体 (sōtai, “highly-cursive”) style, this kanji form is called 平様 (hira-zama, literally “common form”) to distinguish from the kyūjitai form 永様 (ei-sama, literally “永-form”), and its variant froms 次様 (tsugi-zama, for 檨, literally “次-form”) and 美様 (bi-zama, for 𣖙, literally “美-form”).
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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様 |
よう Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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樣 (kyūjitai) |
/jɨau/ → /jɔː/ → /joː/
From Middle Chinese 樣 (MC *jɨɐŋH).
Pronunciation
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Noun
Lua error in Module:Jpan-headword at line 768: Parameter "kyu" is not used by this template.
Derived terms
Adjective
Lua error in Module:Jpan-headword at line 768: Parameter "kyu" is not used by this template.
- be like, look like, seem like, as if, having the likeness of
- まるで夢を見ている様だ。
- Maru de yume o mite iru yō da.
- It felt as if I were dreaming.
- まるで夢を見ている様だ。
- (as 様に (yō ni)) I hope; I pray; may
- 成功しますように。
- Seikō shimasu yō ni.
- I wish [myself/you] success.
- 成功しますように。
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 様だろ | ようだろ | yō daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 様で | ようで | yō de |
Terminal (終止形) | 様だ | ようだ | yō da |
Attributive (連体形) | 様な | ような | yō na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 様なら | ようなら | yō nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 様であれ | ようであれ | yō de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 様ではない 様じゃない |
ようではない ようじゃない |
yō de wa nai yō ja nai |
Informal past | 様だった | ようだった | yō datta |
Informal negative past | 様ではなかった 様じゃなかった |
ようではなかった ようじゃなかった |
yō de wa nakatta yō ja nakatta |
Formal | 様です | ようです | yō desu |
Formal negative | 様ではありません 様じゃありません |
ようではありません ようじゃありません |
yō de wa arimasen yō ja arimasen |
Formal past | 様でした | ようでした | yō deshita |
Formal negative past | 様ではありませんでした 様じゃありませんでした |
ようではありませんでした ようじゃありませんでした |
yō de wa arimasen deshita yō ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 様で | ようで | yō de |
Conditional | 様なら(ば) | ようなら(ば) | yō nara (ba) |
Provisional | 様だったら | ようだったら | yō dattara |
Volitional | 様だろう | ようだろう | yō darō |
Adverbial | 様に | ように | yō ni |
Degree | 様さ | ようさ | yōsa |
Usage notes
- In contemporary Japanese, this term is often written in hiragana.
- Traditional Japanese grammar analyzes this term as a 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”), ようだ (yō da), from the noun 様 (yō) and the auxiliary verb だ.
Derived terms
Proper nonun
Lua error in Module:Jpan-headword at line 768: Parameter "kyu" is not used by this template.
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) Lua error in Module:names at line 436: Parameter "nodot" is not used by this template.
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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様 |
さま Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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樣 (kyūjitai) |
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of Lua error in Module:affix/templates at line 38: The |lang= parameter is not used by this template. Place the language code in parameter 1 instead..[1]
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 89: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template. (with rendaku when used as a suffix in some combinations) Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 89: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Alternative forms
- 方 (limited to the noun sense)
Noun
Lua error in Module:Jpan-headword at line 768: Parameter "kyu" is not used by this template.
- a person's appearance (as of body, or style, or face, etc.)
- the state or situation of a thing
- 鋭敏。感覚が鋭いこと。また、そのさま。[1]
- Eibin. Kankaku ga surudoi koto. Mata, sono sama.
- Eibin. For the senses to be sharp. Or, the state of being such.
- 鋭敏。感覚が鋭いこと。また、そのさま。[1]
- the general trend, tenor, or feel of a thing
- one's social station, status, or quality
- the way or means of doing something, how one does something
- the reason or circumstances for something
Derived terms
Pronoun
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- (archaic, honorific) second-person pronoun: you, you all
- (archaic, honorific) third-person distal pronoun: he, she, they (distant from both speaker and listener)
Usage notes
Used primarily by women of the red-light districts of the Edo period.[1]
The pronoun senses have largely fallen into disuse. These originated as abbreviations of longer forms 君様 (kimisama, literally “lord + that way”), 方様 (katasama, literally “that side + that way”), or 貴様 (kisama, literally “noble + that way”), with the -sama suffix (see below) developing into an independent use.
Suffix
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- (honorific) polite personal suffix: honorable, Mr., Ms.
- 吉田様が来られました。
- Yoshida-sama ga koraremashita.
- Mr. [honorable] Yoshida has come here.
- 吉田様が来られました。
- (honorific) attaching to nouns or other nominals: a politeness marker that often has no direct translation, replacing copula です (desu)
- ご苦労様。
- Gokurōsama.
- You have done well [honorable].
- ご苦労様。
- attaching to specific nouns or other nominals: that way, that direction
- 逆様、横様
- sakasama, yokosama
- backwards, sideways
- 逆様、横様
- (archaic) attaching to verbs: just as (indicating the specific time when the verb is happening)
- attaching to verbs: the way of doing something, how one does something (often undergoes rendaku, changing -sama to -zama)
- 座り様
- suwarisama
- how one sits
- 座り様
Usage notes
The honorific senses developed out of euphemistic use of the noun sense of sama, “that way”, as an oblique form of reference, starting from around the Muromachi period.[1]
The -sama suffix after personal names is more respectful than the everyday さん (-san), and is generally only used when being very polite. Gender-neutral. This is sometimes glossed as honorable, but honorable is also used as a title, such as for judges or governors or certain ranks of nobility, whereas -sama is purely about politeness and relative social closeness.
Derived terms
See also
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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様 |
ちゃま Grade: 3 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
樣 (kyūjitai) |
Childish version of sama above.[2] Compare the formation of ちゃん (-chan) from さん (-san).
Pronunciation
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Suffix
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- (childish) honorific suffix: Same as さま (sama) above
References
- CJKV characters simplified differently in Japan and China
- CJKV simplified characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Elementary Mandarin
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
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- Middle Chinese lemmas
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- Chinese hanzi
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- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Gan nouns
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- Jin nouns
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- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
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- Cantonese pronouns
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- Hokkien pronouns
- Teochew pronouns
- Wu pronouns
- Xiang pronouns
- Middle Chinese pronouns
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- Chinese classifiers
- Mandarin classifiers
- Dungan classifiers
- Cantonese classifiers
- Gan classifiers
- Hakka classifiers
- Jin classifiers
- Northern Min classifiers
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- Hokkien classifiers
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- Chinese suffixes
- Mandarin suffixes
- Dungan suffixes
- Cantonese suffixes
- Gan suffixes
- Hakka suffixes
- Jin suffixes
- Northern Min suffixes
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- Hokkien suffixes
- Teochew suffixes
- Wu suffixes
- Xiang suffixes
- Middle Chinese suffixes
- Old Chinese suffixes
- Chinese terms spelled with 様
- Chinese variant forms
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese third grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading よう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading やう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading よう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading やう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading さま
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ぞう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ざう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しやう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くぬぎ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading とち
- Japanese terms spelled with 様 read as よう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
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- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 様 read as さま
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese honorific terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 様
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese childish terms