d'

See also: ď and Appendix:Variations of "d"

English

Etymology 1

Contraction of the article da ("the").

Preposition

d'

1. da; Pronunciation spelling of the, representing dialectal English.

Etymology 2

Reduction.

Verb

d'

1. Contraction of do.

   D'you wanna go?

2. Contraction of did.

   D'you eat yet?

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Asturian

Etymology

Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).

Preposition

d'

1. (before a vowel or a h) Apocopic form of de: of, from

   d’Asturies

   of Asturias

   d’hermanu

   of a brother

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Catalan

Etymology

Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d/

Preposition

d'

1. (before a vowel or an h) Apocopic form of de: of

   escola didiomes ― language school

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Dutch

Etymology

Contraction of the article de (“the”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d/

Preposition

d'

1. (archaic, poetic) Apocopic form of de: the

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French

Alternative forms

• d’

Etymology

Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d‿/

Preposition

d’

1. (before a vowel or a mute h) Apocopic form of de: of

   un verre d’eau

   a glass of water

2. (informal, after a vowel) Apocopic form of de: of
   • 2002, Jean-François Pauzé (lyrics and music), “Mon chum Rémi”, in Break Syndical:

     Hé Rémi / fais pas d’conneries / J’t’aime ben la face / pis tu m’dois encore cinquante piasses

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Further reading

• “de”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Irish

Alternative forms

• (your): t’ (Cois Fharraige)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d̪ˠ] (before a word starting with a, o, u, fha, fho, or fhu)
• IPA^(key): [dʲ] (before a word starting with e, i, fhe, or fhi)

Etymology 1

Prevocalic apocope of do.

Particle

d’

1. (before vowel sounds) Apocopic form of do: Marker of the past tense.

   d’ól sé ― he drank

   d’fhág sé ― he waited

Preposition

d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)

1. (before vowel sounds) Apocopic form of do: to, for

   d’athair Sheáin

   to Seán’s father, for Seán’s father

Determiner

d’

1. (before vowel sounds) Apocopic form of do: your (singular)

   d’athair

   your father

See also

Irish personal pronouns

Number	Person (and gender)	Conjunctive (emphatic)	Disjunctive (emphatic)	Possessive determiner
Singular	First	mé (mise)		mo L m' before vowel sounds
	Second	tú (tusa)1	thú (thusa)	do L d' before vowel sounds
	Third masculine	sé (seisean)	é (eisean)	a L
	Third feminine	sí (sise)	í (ise)	a H
	Third neuter	—	ea	—
Plural	First	muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne)		ár E
	Second	sibh (sibhse)1		bhur E
	Third	siad (siadsan)	iad (iadsan)	a E

^L Triggers lenition ^E Triggers eclipsis ^H Triggers h-prothesis

¹ Also used as the vocative

The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.

Usage notes

• Used only before vowel sounds, including when f has been lenited to fh before a vowel. The variant form used before consonants, do, is generally omitted but may be encountered in Munster Irish and in literary language.

Etymology 2

Prevocalic apocopic form of de.

Preposition

d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)

1. (before vowel sounds) Apocopic form of de: from, of

   d’athair Sheáin

   from Seán’s father, of Seán’s father

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Italian

Etymology

Contraction of the preposition di (“of, from”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d‿/

Preposition

d’ (apocopate)

1. (sometimes before a vowel or an h) Apocopic form of di: of

   Follia d'amore ― Madness of love.

   Un bicchiere d'acqua. ― A glass of water.

Usage notes

In some rare cases d' represents the preposition da:

d'ora in poi (“from now on”)

= da ora in poi

d'ora in avanti (“from now on”)

= da ora in avanti

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Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d/ (before vowels and voiced consonants)
• IPA^(key): /t/ (before voiceless consonants)
• IPA^(key): /-/ (sometimes; see usage notes below)

Determiner

d' f or n

1. Reduced form of déi
2. Reduced form of dat

Usage notes

• This article form is commonly not pronounced between /t/ and another consonant, and occasionally otherwise when the combination of preceding and following consonants creates an impossible cluster. Only rarely is this muteness avoided by using the full form of the article. Rather, the lack of an indefinite article becomes a definite article by default. Occasional ambiguities, particularly in the plural, are tolerated.

Declension

Luxembourgish definite articles
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nom./acc.	deen (den)	déi (d')	dat (d')	déi (d')
dat.	deem (dem)	där (der)	deem (dem)	deen (den)
gen.		der

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Middle French

Preposition

d'

1. elided form of de

Usage notes

• Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
• despaigne ― of Spain

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Norman

Alternative forms

• dé, dg' (Jersey)
• eud (Cauchois)

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old French de, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin dē.

Preposition

d'

1. of
2. from

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Occitan

Preposition

d'

1. Alternative form of de (before a vowel)

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Old French

Preposition

d'

1. elided form of de

Usage notes

• Unlike in modern French, de is not always elided to d' before a vowel or a mute h. It is optional.
• The apostrophe is not used in the original manuscripts, but is added by scholars for clarity.

  despaigne ― of Spain

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Old Occitan

Preposition

d'

1. elided form of de

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Portuguese

Preposition

d’

1. (used before words beginning in a vowel, archaic except in fixed expressions) Alternative form of de

Derived terms

• d’água
• d’alho

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Contraction of the pronoun do (“your”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̊/, /d̊ʲ/

Pronoun

d'

1. (before a vowel or fh followed by a vowel) Apocopic form of do: your (informal singular)

   A bheil fios aig d’ athair?

   Does your father know?

   'Seo d’ fhaclair.

   Here’s your dictionary.