labor
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See also: Labor
English
[edit]
Alternative forms
[edit]- labour (non-American spelling)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labor (countable and uncountable, plural labors)
Derived terms
[edit]Terms derived from labor (noun)
- affective labor
- anti-labor
- back labor
- belabor
- big labor
- bonded labor
- child labor
- day labor
- division of labor
- emotional labor
- forced labor
- ghost labor
- hard labor
- introversive labor
- labor action
- labor camp
- Labor Day
- laborer
- labor exchange
- labor force
- labor-intensive
- labor-intensiveness
- laborization
- labor law
- labor market
- labor of love
- labor pain
- labor power
- labor relations
- labor-saving
- labor share
- labor theory of value
- labor the point
- labor union
- labor value theory
- labor-value theory
- manual labor
- means of labor
- micro-labor
- prison labor
- sexual division of labor
- slave labor
- stoop labor
- subject of labor
- touch labor
- wage labor
Related terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]labor (third-person singular simple present labors, present participle laboring, simple past and past participle labored)
Anagrams
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labor m (plural labors)
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from German Labor.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labor (plural laborok)
- (informal) lab, laboratory
- Synonym: laboratórium
Declension
[edit]| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | labor | laborok |
| accusative | labort | laborokat |
| dative | labornak | laboroknak |
| instrumental | laborral | laborokkal |
| causal-final | laborért | laborokért |
| translative | laborrá | laborokká |
| terminative | laborig | laborokig |
| essive-formal | laborként | laborokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | laborban | laborokban |
| superessive | laboron | laborokon |
| adessive | labornál | laboroknál |
| illative | laborba | laborokba |
| sublative | laborra | laborokra |
| allative | laborhoz | laborokhoz |
| elative | laborból | laborokból |
| delative | laborról | laborokról |
| ablative | labortól | laboroktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
laboré | laboroké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
laboréi | laborokéi |
| Possessive forms of labor | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | laborom | laborjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | laborod | laborjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | laborja | laborjai |
| 1st person plural | laborunk | laborjaink |
| 2nd person plural | laborotok | laborjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | laborjuk | laborjaik |
References
[edit]- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Latin
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Latin labōs, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root *leb- (“to seize, take”), whence Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”) and Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”). More commonly connected with labō (“I totter”)[1] (see Etymology 2 below), but this is rejected by de Vaan, who however provides no alternative.[2] The semantic connection is weak in either case.
Prósper (2019, 27 (483)) suggests a possible root *dh̥₂bʰ-ōs, cognate with Lithuanian dobti (“to strike, beat, kill, (dial.) torment, exhaust”). See source for more.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈla.bor/, [ˈɫ̪äbɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈla.bor/, [ˈläːbor]
Noun
[edit]labor m (genitive labōris); third declension
- work
- labor, toil, exertion
- (chiefly poetic) hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28:
- Labore operis incitati
- Incited by the fatigue of the work
- Labore operis incitati
- illness
- Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, malum, pestis, incommodum, valētūdō, infirmitas
- Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō
- the pain accompanying childbirth, labor
Declension
[edit]Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | labor | labōrēs |
| Genitive | labōris | labōrum |
| Dative | labōrī | labōribus |
| Accusative | labōrem | labōrēs |
| Ablative | labōre | labōribus |
| Vocative | labor | labōrēs |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”), and cognate with labō, English sleep, Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”).[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈlaː.bor/, [ˈɫ̪äːbɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈla.bor/, [ˈläːbor]
Verb
[edit]lābor (present infinitive lābī, perfect active lāpsus sum); third conjugation, deponent
- to slip, slide, glide
- to fall, sink down
- to slip, stumble
- to vanish, pass away, elapse, escape
- Synonyms: fugiō, effugiō, ēvādō, refugiō, cōnfugiō, diffugiō, aufugiō, prōfugiō, āvolō, ēripiō, ēlābor
- to be mistaken, be wrong, err, commit a fault
Conjugation
[edit]This verb takes the future passive participle lābundus instead of *lābendus.
| Conjugation of lābor (third conjugation, deponent) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | lābor | lāberis, lābere |
lābitur | lābimur | lābiminī | lābuntur |
| imperfect | lābēbar | lābēbāris, lābēbāre |
lābēbātur | lābēbāmur | lābēbāminī | lābēbantur | |
| future | lābar | lābēris, lābēre |
lābētur | lābēmur | lābēminī | lābentur | |
| perfect | lāpsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | lāpsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | lāpsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | lābar | lābāris, lābāre |
lābātur | lābāmur | lābāminī | lābantur |
| imperfect | lāberer | lāberēris, lāberēre |
lāberētur | lāberēmur | lāberēminī | lāberentur | |
| perfect | lāpsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | lāpsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | lābere | — | — | lābiminī | — |
| future | — | lābitor | lābitor | — | — | lābuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | lābī | lāpsum esse | lāpsūrum esse | — | — | — | |
| participles | lābēns | lāpsus | lāpsūrus | — | — | lābendus, lābundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| lābendī | lābendō | lābendum | lābendō | lāpsum | lāpsū | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- English: lapse
References
[edit]- “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- labor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
- the matter involves much labour and fatigue: res est multi laboris et sudoris
- to spare no pains: labori, operae non parcere
- not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
- to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage: labore supersedēre (itineris) (Fam. 4. 2. 4)
- capable of exertion: patiens laboris
- lazy: fugiens laboris
- to take a false step: per errorem labi, or simply labi
- to make a slip of the memory: memoriā labi
- to make a mistake in writing: labi in scribendo
- immorality is daily gaining ground: mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem)
- (ambiguous) to drain the cup of sorrow: omnes labores exanclare
- (ambiguous) rest after toil is sweet: acti labores iucundi (proverb.)
- to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
- labor in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
References
[edit]- ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “labor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 319-20
Anagrams
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labor f (plural labores)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “labor”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
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