sap

See also: SAP, sáp, sắp, sæp, s.ap., -sap, Sap., and sāp

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sæp/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æp

Etymology 1

From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-Germanic *sapą (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Armenian համ (ham, “juice, taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.

Noun

sap (countable and uncountable, plural saps)

1. (uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.
2. (uncountable) The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
3. Any juice.
4. (figurative) Vitality.
5. (slang, countable) a naive person; a simpleton

   Synonyms: milksop, saphead

Derived terms

terms derived from sap

• crude sap
• elaborated sap
• sap ball
• sapful
• sap green
• saphead
• sapless
• sapling

• sap poison
• sappy
• sap rot
• sapsucker
• sap tube

Translations

juice of plant

• Arabic: نُسْغ m (nusḡ), عُصَارَة f (ʕuṣāra)
• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Assamese: কহ (koh)
• Bashkir: һут (hut), һыу (hıw)
• Belarusian: сок m (sok)
• Bulgarian: мъзга f (mǎzga), сок m (sok)
• Burmese: please add this translation if you can
• Catalan: saba (ca) f
• Chamicuro: ijsana'to
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 樹液／树液 (zh) (shùyè), 树液 (zh) (shùyè), 汁 (zh) (shī)

• Czech: míza (cs) f
• Dutch: sap (nl) n
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: mahla (fi)
• French: sève (fr) f
• Galician: seiva f, sarxa f, cerne (gl) m, vizo m, zurrio m
• Georgian: წვენი (c̣veni)
• German: Saft (de) m
• Hebrew: שרף (he) m (saraf)
• Hindi: अर्क (hi) m (ark), अरक (hi) m (arak), निर्यास (hi) m (niryās), गोंद (hi) m (gond)
• Italian: linfa (it) f
• Interlingua: succo
• Japanese: 樹液 (じゅえき, jueki), 汁 (ja) (しる, shiru)
• Jarai: kơtăk
• Kapampangan: adta, agta
• Khmer: រុក្ខរស (rukkʰa’rʊəh), ជ័រ (km) (coa), រស (km) (rʊəh)
• Korean: 즙 (ko) (jeup) (汁 (ko)), 수액 (ko) (suaek) (樹液 (ko))
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Latin: sucus (la) m
• Maori: tawau, tarawai, pia
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Mwani: urokozi, unoni (Nkojo)
• Nepali: please add this translation if you can
• Norman: sève f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: (trees) sevje m or f

  Nynorsk: (trees) sevje f

• Persian: شیره (fa) (šire)
• Polish: sok (pl)
• Portuguese: seiva (pt)
• Romanian: sevă (ro) f
• Russian: сок (ru) m (sok)
• Sanskrit: रस (sa) m (rasa), निर्यास (sa) m (niryāsa)
• Scottish Gaelic: brìgh f
• Slovak: miazga f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: mězga f, brjacka f

• Spanish: savia (es)
• Swahili: utomvu (sw)
• Swedish: sav (sv) c
• Tagalog: dagta (tl)
• Telugu: పాలు (te) (pālu)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Tok Pisin: blut
• Ukrainian: сік m (sik)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can
• White Hmong: please add this translation if you can
• Zhuang: please add this translation if you can

sapwood of a tree

• Dutch: spint (nl) n, spinthout n
• Finnish: nila (fi)
• Galician: samo m, sámago m, aba (gl) f
• German: Mantelholz n, Splint m
• Italian: alburno (it) m
• Khmer: ស្រាយ (km) (sraay)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Persian: برون‌چوب (fa) (borun-čub)
• Russian: за́болонь (ru) f (zábolonʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: brìgh f, sùgh m
• Spanish: albura (es) f
• Tok Pisin: blut

slang: saphead

• Dutch: slappeling (nl) m, imbeciel (nl) m, idioot (nl) m, simpele (nl) m
• Finnish: hölmö (fi), tollo (fi), tomppeli (fi)
• French: naïf (fr), nigaud (fr)
• Galician: caloio m, papoio m, bausán m, parvallán (gl) m, bobiche m
• German: Einfaltspinsel (de) m, Heulsuse (de) f, Simpel (de) m
• Hebrew: פראייר (he) m (frayer)
• Hungarian: balek (hu)
• Italian: sempliciotto (it) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Khmer: ឆោត (km) (cʰaot)
• Norwegian: tosk m
• Persian: اسکل (fa) (oskol)
• Romanian: fraier (ro)
• Russian: простак (ru) m (prostak), простофиля (ru) m (prostofilja)
• Spanish: simplón (es) m

Verb

1. (transitive) To drain, suck or absorb from (tree, etc.).
2. (transitive, figurative) To exhaust the vitality of.

Etymology 2

Probably from sapling.

Noun

sap (plural saps)

1. (countable, US, slang) A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack.

Translations

leather-covered hand weapon

• Dutch: ploertendoder (nl) m
• French: matraque (fr) f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: manganello (it) m

Verb

1. (transitive, slang) To strike with a sap (with a blackjack).

Translations

strike with a sap

• Dutch: knuppelen (nl)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Etymology 3

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).

Noun

sap (plural saps)

1. (military) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.

Derived terms

• sap fagot
• sap roller
• sapper

Translations

narrow ditch or trench

• Finnish: juoksuhauta (most often “juoksuhauta” would translate into English as “trench”. In Finnish the same word covers also “sap”.)
• French: sape (fr) f
• Icelandic: skotgröf f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Manx: fo-chlash f
• Russian: са́па (ru) f (sápa)

Verb

1. (transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.
   • (Can we date this quote?) John Dryden

     Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, / Their houses fell upon their household gods.

2. (transitive, military) To pierce with saps.
3. (transitive) To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.
   • 1850, Alfred Tennyson, Ring, Out, Wild Bells

     Ring out the grief that saps the mind […]

4. (transitive) To gradually weaken.

   to sap one’s conscience

5. (intransitive) To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.

Translations

undermine

• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), aantasten (nl), ondergraven (nl)
• Finnish: heikentää (fi)
• French: saper (fr), miner (fr)
• Ido: sapar (io)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: scalzare (it), minare (it)
• Portuguese: socavar
• Romanian: săpa (ro), submina (ro)
• Spanish: zapar (es), socavar (es)

pierce with saps

• Manx: towl
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

make unstable; weaken

• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), verzwakken (nl), aantasten (nl)
• Finnish: uuvuttaa (fi), heikentää (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: indebolire (it), fiaccare (it), logorare (it)

gradually weaken

• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), knagen aan (nl), aantasten (nl)
• German: aufzehren, erschöpfen (de)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Maori: whakangoikore
• Russian: истощать (ru) (istoščatʹ), иссуша́ть (ru) (issušátʹ)

proceed by mining

• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), ondergraven (nl)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Anagrams

• APS, APs, ASP, PAS, PAs, PSA, Pas, Psa., SPA, Spa, asp, pas, spa

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Aromanian

Alternative forms

• sapu, tsap, tsapu

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sappō, from Latin sappa. Compare Romanian săpa, sap, French saper, Italian zappare, Sicilian zappari, Spanish zapar, Friulian sapâ, Venetian sapar, Latin sappa.

Verb

sap (past participle sãpatã)

1. I dig (with a pick).

Related terms

• sãpari / sãpare
• sãpat
• sapã
• sãpãtor
• sãpãturã

See also

• tãrchescu
• arãm

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Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sap/
• Rhymes: -ap

Verb

sap

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch sap, from Old Dutch *sap, from Proto-Germanic *sapą. Cognate to English sap and German Saft (from Old High German saf).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑp/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sap
• Rhymes: -ɑp

Noun

sap n (plural sappen, diminutive sapje n)

1. sap (fluid in plants)
2. juice

   Hyponyms: aalbessensap, appelsap, citroensap, druivensap, sinaasappelsap, vruchtensap

Derived terms

• aalbessensap
• appelsap
• appelsiensap
• bessensap
• bietensap
• boomsap
• citroensap
• druivensap
• maagsap
• perensap
• sappig
• sinaasappelsap
• vruchtensap
• wortelsap
• zwartebessensap

Descendants

• Afrikaans: sap

Anagrams

• pas

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sap/

Verb

sap

1. second-person singular imperative of sapać

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Romani

Etymology

From Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá, “snake”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sarpás. Cognate with Punjabi ਸੱਪ (sappa, “snake”).

Noun

sap m (plural sapa)

1. snake

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Turkish

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Turkic sap, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Turkic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑp/

Noun

sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)

1. handle
2. stem, stalk
3. (slang) penis

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	sap
Definite accusative	sapı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sap	saplar
Definite accusative	sapı	sapları
Dative	sapa	saplara
Locative	sapta	saplarda
Ablative	saptan	saplardan
Genitive	sapın	sapların

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Veps

Etymology

From .

Noun

sap

1. gall (bile)

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Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sapiō (“I am wise”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːp/

Noun

sap

1. wisdom

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Zhuang

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θaːp˧˥/
• Tone numbers: sap⁷
• Hyphenation: sap

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *saːpᴰ (“cockroach”). Cognate with Thai สาบ (sàap), Lao ສາບ (sāp), Shan သၢပ်ႇ (sàap), Bouyei saabt.

Noun

sap (1957–1982 spelling sap)

1. cockroach

Etymology 2

Verb

sap (1957–1982 spelling sap)

1. to wear shoes with the heels stepping down on the back of the shoes