企

See also: 쇼

企	U+4F01, 企 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F01

← 伀
[U+4F00]

CJK Unified Ideographs

伂 →
[U+4F02]

㈽	U+323D, ㈽ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ENTERPRISE

← ㈼
[U+323C]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㈾ →
[U+323E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

企 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人卜中一 (OYLM), four-corner 8010₁, composition ⿱𠆢止)

Derived characters

㖉峜𰂝

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 422
Dae Jaweon: page 201, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 116, character 6
Unihan data for U+4F01

Chinese

simp. and trad.		企

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 企
Shang		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script j18796 j18797 j18798 j18799 j18800 j18801 Small seal script s05659 s05660 Transcribed ancient scripts L20156 L20157 L20158 L20159
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

人 (“person”) + 止 (“foot”) – a person standing on tiptoes.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qǐ, qì

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ, ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kei⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kei¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khî
Eastern Min (BUC): kié
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khì / khí / thì

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵chi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi³
  - Yale: chǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
  - Yale: chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kei⁵
  - Yale: kéih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei³³/

Note: kei1 - literary and "to stand".

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khî
  - Hakka Romanization System: ki^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ki¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kié
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
  - Tâi-lô: khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰi²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí
  - Tâi-lô: khí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thì
  - Tâi-lô: thì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵chi
  - MiniDict: chi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: khjeX, khjieH

Rime
Character	企	企
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	丘弭切	去智切
Baxter	khjeX	khjieH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠiᴇ^X/	/kʰiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚiɛ^X/	/kʰiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɛ^X/	/kʰjɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰjiə̆^X/	/kʰiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/kʰje^X/	/kʰie^H/
Wang Li	/kʰǐe^X/	/kʰǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰie̯^X/	/kʰie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ	qì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei²	hei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰeʔ/, /*kʰeʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰeʔ/, /*kʰes/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	企	企
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khjie^X ›	‹ khjie^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰeʔ/	/*kʰeʔ-s/
English	stand on tiptoe	stand on tiptoe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	企	企
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10098	10099
Phonetic component	企	企
Rime group	支	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	跬	企
Old Chinese	/*kʰeʔ/	/*kʰes/

Definitions

企

^†(alternative form 跂) to stand on one's tiptoes
- 企者不立，跨者不行。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  Qǐ zhě bù lì, kuà zhě bù xíng. [Pinyin]
  One who tiptoes does not stand [firmly]; one who strides does not walk [far].
(Cantonese, Hakka) to stand
^⁜ to expect anxiously
企望 ― qǐwàng ― to hope for
^⁜ to plan
企劃／企划 ― qǐhuà ― to plan; plan
(chiefly in compounds) Short for 企業／企业 (qǐyè, “enterprise”).
國企／国企 ― guóqǐ ― state-owned enterprise

私企 ― sīqǐ ― private enterprise

政企關係／政企关系 ― zhèng-qǐ guānxì ― relationship between the government and the enterprises
a surname
(Shanghainese) straight; steep
搿個山坡老企個，直接看得到地垟搭，當心覅摜下去。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
搿个山坡老企个，直接看得到地垟搭，当心覅掼下去。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
⁸geq-gheq ¹se-phu ⁶lau ⁵chi ⁰gheq ⁸zeq-ciq ⁵khoe-teq-tau ⁶di-yan-taq ¹taon-shin ⁶viau ⁶gue-gho-chi [Wugniu]
This slope is very steep, you can see the ground from here, be careful not to fall.

Synonyms

(to stand):

Dialectal synonyms of 站 (“to stand”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		立
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		站立
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	站
	Taiwan	站
	Harbin	站, 杵
	Malaysia	站
	Singapore	站
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	站
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	站
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	立
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	立
	Xi'an	站, 立
	Xining	站
	Yanqi	站
	Xuzhou	站
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	站
	Lanzhou	站
	Ürümqi	站, 立
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	站, 立
	Wuhan	站
	Guilin	站
	Liuzhou	站
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	站
	Yangzhou	站
	Hefei	站
Mandarin	Nanping (Yanping)	立
Cantonese	Guangzhou	徛
	Hong Kong	徛
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	徛
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	徛
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	徛
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	徛
	Macau	徛
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	徛
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	徛
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	徛
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	徛
	Foshan	徛
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	徛
	Foshan (Shunde)	徛
	Foshan (Sanshui)	徛
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	徛
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	徛
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	徛
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	徛
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	徛
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	徛
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	徛
	Taishan	徛
	Kaiping (Chikan)	徛
	Enping (Niujiang)	徛
	Heshan (Yayao)	徛
	Dongguan	徛
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	徛
	Qingyuan	徛
	Fogang	徛
	Yingde (Hanguang)	徛
	Yangshan	徛
	Lianshan (Butian)	徛
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	徛
	Shaoguan	徛
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	徛
	Renhua	徛
	Lechang	徛
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	徛
	Sihui	徛
	Guangning	徛
	Deqing	徛
	Huaiji	徛
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	徛
	Yunfu	徛
	Xinxing	徛
	Luoding	徛
	Yangjiang	徛
	Xinyi	徛
	Maoming (Xinpo)	徛
	Lianjiang	徛
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	徛
	Nanning	徛
	Yulin	徛
	Beihai	徛
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	徛
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	徛
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	徛
	Danzhou	徛
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	徛
	Singapore (Guangfu)	徛
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	徛
	Móng Cái	徛
Gan	Nanchang	徛, 站
	Lichuan	徛
	Pingxiang	徛, 站
Hakka	Meixian	徛
	Xingning	徛
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	徛
	Huidong (Daling)	徛
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	徛
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	徛
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	徛
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	徛
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	徛
	Zijin	徛
	Wengyuan	徛
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	徛
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	徛
	Liannan	徛
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	徛
	Jiexi	徛
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	徛
	Changting	徛
	Wuping	徛
	Wuping (Yanqian)	徛
	Wuping (Pingyu)	徛
	Liancheng	徛
	Ninghua	徛
	Yudu	徛
	Ruijin	徛
	Shicheng	徛
	Shangyou (Shexi)	徛
	Tonggu (Sandu)	徛
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	徛
	Dayu	徛
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	徛
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	徛
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	徛
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	徛
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	徛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	徛
	Hong Kong	徛
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	徛
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	徛
	Xinyi (Sihe)	徛
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	徛
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	徛
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	徛
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	徛
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	徛
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	徛
	Mengshan (Xihe)	徛
	Luchuan	徛
	Senai (Huiyang)	徛
Jin	Taiyuan	站
Jin	Xinzhou	站
Northern Min	Jian'ou	徛
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	徛
	Fuzhou (Changle)	徛
	Fuqing	徛
	Yongtai	徛
	Gutian	徛
	Fu'an	徛
	Ningde	徛
	Shouning	徛
	Zhouning	徛
	Fuding	徛
Southern Min	Xiamen	徛
	Quanzhou	徛
	Yongchun	徛
	Dehua	徛
	Zhangzhou	徛
	Taipei	徛
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	徛
	Kaohsiung	徛
	Yilan	徛
	Changhua (Lukang)	徛
	Taichung	徛
	Tainan	徛
	Hsinchu	徛
	Kinmen	徛
	Penghu (Magong)	徛
	Penang (Hokkien)	徛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	徛
	Manila (Hokkien)	徛
	Guilin (Biyange)	站
	Chaozhou	徛
	Shantou	徛
	Shantou (Chenghai)	徛
	Jieyang	徛
	Haifeng	徛
	Bangkok (Teochew)	徛
	Phnom Penh (Teochew)	徛
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	徛
	Singapore (Teochew)	徛
	Pontianak (Teochew)	徛
	Leizhou	徛
	Wenchang	徛
	Haikou	徛
	Singapore (Hainanese)	徛
Puxian Min	Putian	徛
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	徛
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	徛
Wu	Shanghai	立
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	立
	Shanghai (Jiading)	立
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	立
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	立
	Shanghai (Chongming)	徛
	Suzhou	立
	Suzhou (Wujiang)	立
	Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	立
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	立
	Wuxi	立
	Changshu	立
	Kunshan	立
	Taicang	立
	Jiaxing	立
	Jiashan	立
	Pinghu	立
	Haining (Yanguan)	立
	Haining (Xiashi)	立
	Tongxiang	立
	Haiyan	立
	Changzhou	徛
	Liyang	徛
	Changzhou (Jintan)	徛
	Yixing	徛
	Danyang	站, 立
	Huzhou	立
	Changxing	徛
	Anji	徛
	Deqing	立
	Hangzhou	立
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	徛
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	徛
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	徛
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	徛
	Tonglu	徛
	Tonglu (Wusheng)	徛
	Shaoxing	徛, 立
	Zhuji	徛
	Shengzhou	徛
	Xinchang	徛
	Ningbo	立
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	隑
	Ningbo (Fenghua)	立
	Yuyao	隑
	Cixi	隑
	Xiangshan	徛
	Ninghai	徛
	Zhoushan	立
	Taizhou (Huangyan)	徛
	Tiantai	徛
	Xianju	徛
	Linhai	徛
	Wenling	徛
	Wenzhou	徛
	Yueqing	徛
	Yongjia (Fenglin)	徛
	Rui'an	徛
	Wencheng	徛
	Lishui	徛
	Qingtian	徛
	Jinyun	徛
	Wuyi (Liucheng)	徛
	Yunhe	徛
Jingning	徛
Longquan	徛
Quzhou	徛
Suichang	徛
Jiangshan	徛
Changshan	徛
Kaihua	徛
Longyou	徛
Jinhua	徛
Jinhua (Tangxi)	徛
Yiwu	徛
Yongkang	徛
Pujiang	徛
Dongyang	徛
Pan'an	徛
Wuyi	徛
Lanxi	徛
Shangrao	徛
Shangrao (Guangfeng)	徛
Yushan	徛
Pucheng	徛
Xiang	Changsha	站, 徛
	Loudi	徛
	Shuangfeng	徛
Note	徛 - often written as 企 in Cantonese.

Dialectal synonyms of 陡 (“steep”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		陡峭
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	陡
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	陡
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	陡
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	陡
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	陡
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	陡
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	陡
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	陡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	笡, 徛
	Hong Kong	笡
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	笡
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	笡
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	笡
	Yangjiang	笡
Gan	Nanchang	陡
Hakka	Meixian	崎₂
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	崎₂
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	崎₂, 笡
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	崎₂
	Wuhua (Changbu)	崎₂
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	崎₂
	Wengyuan	崎₂
	Jiexi	崎₂, 竳
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	竳
	Changting	陡, 崎₂
	Wuping (Yanqian)	崎₂
	Ninghua	崎₂
	Tonggu (Sandu)	陡
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	崎₂
	Dayu	崎₂, 陡
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	崎₂
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	崎₂
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	崎₂
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	崎₂
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	崎₂
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	崎₂
	Hong Kong	崎₂
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	笡
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	笡
	Xinyi (Sihe)	笡
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	笡
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	笡
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	斜
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	崎₂
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	崎₂
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	壁
	Mengshan (Xihe)	陡
	Luchuan	斜
Jin	Taiyuan	陡
Northern Min	Jian'ou	崎₃, 趖
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	崎₃
	Fuzhou (Changle)	崎₃
	Fuqing	崎₃
	Yongtai	崎₃
	Gutian	崎₃
	Fu'an	崎₃
	Ningde	崎₃
	Shouning	崎₃
	Zhouning	崎₃
	Fuding	崎₃
Southern Min	Xiamen	崎₃, 趨
	Quanzhou	崎₃
	Zhangzhou	崎₃, 趨
	Taipei	崎₃, 趨
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	崎₃, 趨
	Kaohsiung	崎₃, 趨
	Yilan	崎₃, 趨
	Changhua (Lukang)	崎₃, 趨
	Taichung	崎₃
	Tainan	崎₃, 趨
	Hsinchu	崎₃
	Kinmen	崎₃
	Penghu (Magong)	崎₃
	Chaozhou	崎₃
	Jieyang	崎₃
Wu	Shanghai	企
	Suzhou	棧
	Wenzhou	峻
Xiang	Changsha	陡
Xiang	Shuangfeng	陡

Compounds

Etymology 2

See 屋企.

Pronunciation

Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kei²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kei²

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kei²
  - Yale: kéi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kei²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei⁵⁵/

Definitions

企 (Cantonese)

Used in 屋企 (“home”).
到企 [Taishanese] ― au¹ kei² [Wiktionary] ― at home

冇企 [Taishanese] ― mau¹ kei² [Wiktionary] ― not at home

Compounds

返企

References

“企”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

企

(Jōyō kanji)

plan, undertake, design

Readings

Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: くわだてる (kuwadateru, 企てる, Jōyō)^{←くはだてる (kufadateru, 企てる, historical)}、たくらむ (takuramu, 企む)

Compounds

企(き)画(かく) (kikaku)
企(き)業(ぎょう) (kigyō)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 企 (MC khjeX|khjieH).

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

企

Wikisource

企 (eumhun 꾀할 기 (kkoehal gi))

hanja form^? of 기 (“plan”)

Compounds

기도 (企圖, gido)
기업 (企業, gieop)
기획 (企劃, gihoek)
대기업 (大企業, daegieop)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]