涯
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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涯 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水一土土 (EMGG), four-corner 31114, composition ⿰氵厓)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 627, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17582
- Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1643, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6DAF
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
涯 | |
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alternative forms | 漄 厓 𪞢 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 涯 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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街 | *kreː, *kreː |
鞋 | *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː |
娾 | *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ |
佳 | *kreː |
鮭 | *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
涯 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
崖 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
啀 | *ŋreː |
厓 | *ŋreː |
捱 | *ŋreː |
睚 | *ŋreːs |
娃 | *qreː |
洼 | *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː |
哇 | *qreː, *qʷraː |
胿 | *ɡeː, *kʷeː |
溎 | *qeːns |
觟 | *ɡʷraːʔ |
黊 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː |
蘳 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe |
蛙 | *qʷraː, *qʷreː |
窪 | *qʷraː |
卦 | *kʷreːs |
挂 | *kʷreːs |
掛 | *kʷreːs |
詿 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs |
罣 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs |
絓 | *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs |
鼃 | *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː |
圭 | *kʷeː |
珪 | *kʷeː |
邽 | *kʷeː |
閨 | *kʷeː |
袿 | *kʷeː |
窐 | *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː |
茥 | *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
桂 | *kʷeːs |
筀 | *kʷeːs |
奎 | *kʰʷeː |
刲 | *kʰʷeː |
蝰 | *kʰʷeː |
楏 | *kʰʷeː |
睳 | *qʰʷeː |
畦 | *ɡʷeː |
眭 | *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi |
烓 | *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ |
跬 | *kʰʷeʔ |
恚 | *qʷes |
硅 | *qʰʷreɡ |
Etymology 1
[edit]From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”), and 顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).
Same word as 崖 (yá, “cliff”) and 睚 (yá, “rim (of the eye)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngài
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ya
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yá
- Wade–Giles: ya2
- Yale: yá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
- Palladius: я (ja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jä³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaai4
- Yale: ngàaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngài
- Hakka Romanization System: ngaiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngai2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋai̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngài
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋai⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 涯 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ia³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ia²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /iɑ⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /iɛ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ia⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ia⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /iai²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ia²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ia⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ia⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ia⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /ia²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ia⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /ia²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ia̠³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /iɑ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ia⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ia¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ȵiɑ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ia³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦia²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦiɑ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦie̞²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ŋa³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ia³¹/ |
Tunxi | /ŋɔ⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ia¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /iɒ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋai¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋɑi¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋai²¹/ |
Nanning | /ŋai²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /ŋai²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gai³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋai⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋa³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋãi⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /zai³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: ngje, ngea
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤrar/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋreː/, /*ŋre/
Definitions
[edit]涯
Synonyms
[edit]- (limit):
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 涯 – see 𠊎 (“I; me; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 𠊎). |
References
[edit]- “涯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]涯
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 一生涯 (isshōgai): lifetime
- 境涯 (kyōgai): circumstances; one's situation in life
- 公生涯 (kōshōgai): public life
- 際涯 (saigai): limits; boundary; end
- 水涯 (suigai): water's edge
- 全生涯 (zenshōgai): one's whole life
- 天涯 (tengai): horizon; distant land; skyline; heavenly shores; remote region
- 生涯学習 (shōgaigakushū): lifelong learning
Etymology
[edit]By extension from verb 果てる (hateru, “to be at an end, to finish, to be done”).
The hate reading for 涯 is rare, and is not listed in all dictionaries.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 涯 (MC ngje|ngea). Recorded as Middle Korean 애 (ay) (Yale: ay) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]涯: Hán Nôm readings: rượi, nhai, nhười, rười, nhầy
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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