丹

See also: 丼 and 开

Translingual

Han character

丹 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY), four-corner 7744₀, composition ⿻冂亠)

Derived characters

• 青

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 99
• Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4E39

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		丹

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丹
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j12547 j12548 j12549 Bronze inscriptions b07719 Small seal script s03655 Transcribed ancient scripts L06505 L06506 L06507 L06508 L06509 L06510 L06511 L06512 L06513
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
丹	*taːn
旃	*tjan
栴	*tjan

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dān (dan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tân
• Northern Min (KCR): dúing
• Eastern Min (BUC): dăng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ / duan¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹te

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dān
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dan
    • Wade–Giles: tan¹
    • Yale: dān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dan
    • Palladius: дань (danʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: daan¹
    • Yale: dāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tân
    • Hakka Romanization System: dan´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tan²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dúing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tan
    • Tâi-lô: tan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tan⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dang¹ / duan¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang / tuaⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³/, /tũã³³/

Note:

• dang1 - literary;
• duan1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 牡丹).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹te
    • MiniDict: te^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹te
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /te⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: tan

Rime
Character	丹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都寒切
Baxter	tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tan/
Li Rong	/tɑn/
Wang Li	/tɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/tɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤan/

  (Zhengzhang): /*taːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dān
Middle Chinese	‹ tan ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁan/
English	cinnabar
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丹
Reading #	1/1
No.	1980
Phonetic component	丹
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	單
Old Chinese	/*taːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 丹

1. cinnabar
2. refined medical substance
3. a surname

Synonyms

• 朱砂 (zhūshā, “cinnabar”)

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Japanese

Kanji

丹

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. cinnabar
2. red
3. elixir made with cinnabar (e.g. Chinese elixir of life)
4. improvised medicine
5. devotion
6. Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)

Readings

• Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
• Kun: あか (aka, 丹); あかい (akai, 丹い); に (ni, 丹)
• Nanori: あかし (akashi); あきら (akira); まこと (makoto)

Compounds

Compounds

• 丹(たん)桂(けい) (tankei): golden osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans)
• 丹(たん)花(か) (tanka)
• 丹(たん)後(ご) (Tango)
• 丹(たん)砂(さ) (tansa), 丹(たん)砂(しゃ) (tansha)
• 丹(たん)朱(しゅ) (tanshu)
• 丹(たん)州(しゅう) (Tanshū)
• 丹(たん)精(せい), 丹(たん)誠(せい) (tansei)
• 丹(たん)青(せい) (tansei)
• 丹(たん)前(ぜん) (tanzen)
• 丹(タン)頂(チョウ) (tanchō)
• 丹(たん)田(でん) (tanden)
• 丹(たん)毒(どく) (tandoku)
• 丹(たん)念(ねん) (tannen)
• 丹(たん)波(ば) (Tanba)
• 丹(たん)碧(ぺき) (tanpeki)
• 丹(たん)薬(やく) (tan'yaku)
• 黄(おう)丹(たん) (ōtan), 黄(おう)丹(だん) (ōdan)
• 仙(せん)丹(たん) (sentan)
• 曽(そ)丹(たん)集(しゅう) (Sotan-shū)
• 反(はん)魂(ごん)丹(たん) (hangontan)
• 牡(ボ)丹(タン) (botan)
• 万(まん)金(きん)丹(たん) (mankintan)
• 練(れん)丹(たん), 煉(れん)丹(たん) (rentan)
• 雲(う)丹(に) (uni)
• 甲(カ)比(ピ)丹(タン), 甲(カ)必(ピ)丹(タン) (kapitan)
• 吉(キ)利(リ)支(シ)丹(タン), 切(キリ)支(シ)丹(タン) (Kirishitan)
• 牡(ぼ)丹(た)餅(もち) (botamochi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
丹
に Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.

Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).

Noun

丹(に) • (ni) 

1. the color red

   Synonyms: 赤色 (akairo), 丹色 (niiro)

2. red earth

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 丹(に)石(いし) (nīshi)
• 丹(に)色(いろ) (nīro)
• 丹(に)生(う) (niu), 丹生(にゅう) (nyū)
• 錦(にしき) (nishiki)
• 丹(に)摺(ず)り (nizuri)
• 丹(に)躑躅(つつじ) (ni-tsutsuji)
• 丹(に)つらう (nitsurau)
• 丹(に)塗(ぬり), 丹(に)塗(ぬ)り (ninuri)
• 丹(に)の穂(ほ) (ni no ho)
• 丹(に)羽(わ) (Niwa)
• 青(あお)丹(に) (aoni)
• 赤(あか)丹(に) (akani)
• 黄(おう)丹(に) (ōni)
• さ丹(に) (sani)
• 紅(べに) (beni)
• 八(や)百(お)丹(に) (yao ni)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
丹
たん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

Noun

1. cinnabar

   Synonym: 辰砂 (shinsha)

2. a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga
3. medicine, especially one for inducing immortality

   Synonym: 薬 (yaku)

4. a yellow-red color, as of cinnabar

Derived terms

• 丹(たん)緑(ろく)本(ぼん) (Tanrokubon), 丹(たん)緑(りょく)本(ぼん) (Tanryokubon)

Proper noun

丹(たん) • (Tan) 

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Korean

Hanja

丹 • (dan, ran (nan))

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 단, 란 (난) (revised: dan, ran (nan), McCune–Reischauer: tan, ran (nan))
  • Name (hangeul): 붉을, 정성스러울
    (revised: bulgeun, jeongseongsureoul, McCune–Reischauer: pulgǔn, jǒngsǒngsǔrǒul)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丹

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Vietnamese

Han character

丹: Hán Việt readings: đan (都(đô)艱(gian)切(thiết)), đơn
丹: Nôm readings: đơn, đan

1. Template:han tu form of
2. Template:han tu form of

Compounds

Compounds

• 丹麥 (Đan Mạch)
• 牡丹 (mẫu đơn)