張

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See also: 张

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Han character

張 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸一女 (NSMV), four-corner 11232, composition ⿰弓長)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 359, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9812
  • Dae Jaweon: page 675, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 997, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5F35

Chinese

trad. 張
simp. 张
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (長) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
張 *taŋ, *taŋs
餦 *taŋ
粻 *taŋ
漲 *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs
長 *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs
脹 *taŋs
痮 *taŋs
帳 *taŋs
賬 *taŋs
倀 *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs
鼚 *tʰaŋ
鋹 *tʰaŋʔ
悵 *tʰaŋs
韔 *tʰaŋs
萇 *daŋ
瓺 *daŋ, *daŋs
棖 *rdaːŋ
掁 *rdaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋs) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/b-raŋ (“strong; firm; tense”) or Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)aŋ (“tense; tight”); compare Tibetan ཐང་པོ (thang po, “tense; tight; firm”), Burmese တင် (tang, “to tighten; to be tight”).

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive of pronunciation 1, literally “to be stretched” (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • tiuⁿ/tioⁿ - colloquial;
  • tiong/tiang - literary.
Note: diên1 (Chaozhou), dion1 (Shantou) - surname.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 張
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹/
/t͡sɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/
/t͡suə¹³/ ～村
Hohhot /t͡sɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sã⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sã⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕi³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂan³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡soŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃoŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sœŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiɔŋ⁵⁵/
/tiũ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tuoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tiɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡siaŋ³³/
/tiõ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡siaŋ²³/
/ʔdio²³/
Rime
Character 張
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟良切
Baxter trjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ȶiaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zoeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 張
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trjang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.traŋ/
English draw a bow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 張
Reading # 1/2
No. 1259
Phonetic
component 		長
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		張
Old
Chinese 		/*taŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 張

  1. to stretch; to open up; to spread
    張開／张开  ―  zhāngkāi  ―  to open up, to spread
    張口／张口  ―  zhāngkǒu  ―  to gape, to yawn
  2. to expand; to spread
    擴張／扩张  ―  kuòzhāng  ―  to expand, expansion
    聲張／声张  ―  shēngzhāng  ―  to make public, to disclose
  3. nervous; tense
    緊張／紧张  ―  jǐnzhāng  ―  nervous
    張力／张力  ―  zhānglì  ―  tension
  4. Classifier for things with a flat surface: sheet
    一張地圖／一张地图  ―  yī zhāng dìtú  ―  a map
    一張桌子／一张桌子  ―  yī zhāng zhuōzi  ―  a table
    幾張凳／几张凳 [Cantonese]  ―  gei2 zoeng1 dang3 [Jyutping]  ―  several chairs
    兩張紙／两张纸 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng5 zoeng1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  two sheets of paper
  5. Classifier for votes.
  6. (Chinese astronomy) Extended Net (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
  7. a surname Zhang, listed #24 of the Baijiaxing
    張藝謀／张艺谋  ―  Zhāng Yìmóu  ―  Zhang Yimou
Descendants
  • → Tagalog: Chang, Tiu, Tiong

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 張
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 知亮切
Baxter trjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈɨaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ȶiaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zoeng3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 張
Reading # 2/2
No. 1270
Phonetic
component 		長
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		帳
Old
Chinese 		/*taŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 張

  1. to boast; to exaggerate (now merged into Pronunciation 1)
  2. † Original form of 脹／胀 (zhàng).
  3. † Original form of 帳／帐 (zhàng).

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

張

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

張 (eum 장 (jang))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Middle Vietnamese

Noun

張 (blang)

  1. page of a book

Descendants

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 張 (trương, trang, chanh, choang, chương, giương, chăng, chướng, dăng)

  1. A surname. Trương or Truong.
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