東京

See also: 东京

Chinese

		east	capital; Beijing (abbrev.)
trad. (東京)		東	京
simp. (东京)		东	京

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Dōngjīng

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹ ging¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Tûng-kîn
• Eastern Min (BUC): Dĕ̤ng-gĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Tang-kiaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ gian¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ton-jin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Dōngjīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Dongjing
    • Wade–Giles: Tung¹-ching¹
    • Yale: Dūng-jīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dongjing
    • Palladius: Дунцзин (Dunczin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dung¹ ging¹
    • Yale: dūng gīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹ ging¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung¹ ging¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 東京／东京 東經／东经

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Tûng-kîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: dung´ gin´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹ gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Dĕ̤ng-gĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tøyŋ⁵⁵ ^(k-)ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tang-kiaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: Tang-kiann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dangkviaf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ kiã³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dang¹ gian¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang kiaⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³⁻²³ kĩã³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ton-jin
    • MiniDict: ton^平 jin
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ton-jjin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tuwng kjaeng

Rime
Character	東	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	德紅切	舉卿切
Baxter	tuwng	kjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ/	/kˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ/	/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ/	/kiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ/	/kiajŋ/
Li Rong	/tuŋ/	/kiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/tuŋ/	/kĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuŋ/	/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung1	ging1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ  [k]raŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ  kraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	東	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ tuwng ›	‹ kjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?)	/*[k]raŋ/
English	east	hill; capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	東	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2435	6828
Phonetic component	東	京
Rime group	東	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	東	驚
Old Chinese	/*toːŋ/	/*kraŋ/
Notes	種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 東京

1. (～都) Tokyo (a metropolis in Japan)
2. former name of Kaifeng
3. former name of Hanoi
4. (history) Tonkin

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東京):

• → Japanese: 東京(とうけい) (Tōkei)

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 東京

1. (historical) the eastern capital, in situations where dual capitals existed

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東京):

• → Japanese: 東京(とうきょう) (tōkyō)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
東	京
とう Grade: 2	きょう Grade: 2
kan’on	goon

/tou kjau/ → /toːkjɔː/ → /toːkjoː/

Derived from Middle Chinese elements 東 (MC tuwng) and 京 (MC kjaeng).

The city of Tokyo was renamed from 江戸 (Edo) in 1868 after Emperor Meiji moved the capital from Kyoto.

Proper noun

東(とう)京(きょう) or 東京(proper) • (tōkyō or proper) ^{←とうきやう (toukyau)?}[[Category:Japanese
|とうきょう]]

1. Tokyo (capital city of Japan), the 23 special wards

   昨日(きのう)、東(とう)京(きょう)は曇(くも)りでしたか。

   Kinō, Tōkyō wa kumori deshita ka.

   Was it cloudy in Tokyo yesterday?

2. Short for 東京都 (Tōkyō-to) the capital prefecture of Japan
3. Short for 東京駅 (Tōkyō-eki): Tokyo Station
4. (historical) Short for 東京府 (Tōkyō-fu): the historical Tokyo Prefecture from 1868–1943

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 東(とう)京(きょう)駅(えき) (Tōkyō-eki)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)音(おん)頭(ど) (Tōkyō Ondo)
• 東(とう)京(ぎょう)錦(き) (tōgyōki)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)銀(ぎん)行(こう) (Tōkyō Ginkō)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)圏(けん) (Tōkyō-ken)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)語(ご) (Tōkyō-go)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)港(こう) (Tōkyō-kō)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)言(こと)葉(ば) (Tōkyō kotoba)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)五(ご)輪(りん) (Tōkyō Gorin)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)裁(さい)判(ばん) (Tōkyō Saiban)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)式(しき)アクセント (Tōkyō-shiki akusento)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)証(しょう)券(けん)取(とり)引(ひき)所(じょ) (Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)人(じん) (Tōkyō-jin)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)スカイツリー (Tōkyō Sukaitsurī)
• 東(トウ)京(キョウ)達磨(ダルマ)蛙(ガエル) (Tōkyō darumagaeru)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)タワー (Tōkyō Tawā)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)天(てん)文(もん)台(だい) (Tōkyō Tenmondai)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)都(と) (Tōkyō-to)
• 東(とう)京(ぎょう)の茵(しとね) (tōgyō no shitone)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)府(ふ) (Tōkyō-fu)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)弁(べん) (Tōkyō-ben)
• 東(トウ)京(キョウ)帆(ホ)立(タテ)貝(ガイ) (Tōkyō hotategai)
• 東(とう)京(きょう)者(もの) (Tōkyō-mono)
• 東(とう)京湾(きょうわん) (Tōkyō-wan)
• 西(にし)東(とう)京(きょう) (Nishitōkyō)

Descendants

Descendants

• → German: Tokio
• → English: Tokyo
• → Spanish: Tokio
• → French: Tokyo
• → Korean: 동경 (Donggyeong)
• → Dutch: Tokio
• → Portuguese: Tóquio
• → Russian: То́кио (Tókio)
• → Vietnamese: Đông Kinh

See also

• 江(え)戸(ど) (Edo)
• トンキン (Tonkin)
• 北(ペ)京(キン) (Pekin, “Beijing”)
• 南(なん)京(きん) (Nankin, “Nanjing”)

Noun

東(とう)京(きょう) • (tōkyō) ^{←とうきやう (toukyau)?}

1. (historical) an eastern capital
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 663:

     Tôqiǒ. トゥキャゥ (東京) Figaxino miyaco. (東の都) 東の地方の都 (Miaco).

Coordinate terms

• 西(さい)京(きょう) (saikyō, “western capital”)
• 南(なん)京(きょう) (nankyō, “southern capital”)
• 北(ほっ)京(きょう) (hokkyō, “northern capital”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
東	京
とう Grade: 2	けい Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 東京 (MC tuwng kjaeng).

The alternate pronunciation for Tokyo appears to be prevalent in the early- to mid-Meiji period.

Proper noun

東(とう)京(けい) or 東京(proper) • (tōkei or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|とうけい]]

1. (historical) the capital of 東漢 (Tōkan, “Eastern Han”) or 後漢 (Gokan, “Later Han”), corresponds to modern Luoyang
2. (historical) the capital of 北宋 (Hokusō, “Northern Song”), corresponds to modern Kaifeng
3. (historical) the eastern capital of the Jurchen Jin dynasty, corresponds to modern Liaoyang
4. (historical) the capital of Yongwon province in Balhae during the Tang dynasty
5. (historical) Dated spelling of とうきょう (Tōkyō) above

Derived terms

• 東(とう)京(けい)人(じん) (Tōkei-jin)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
東	京
とん Grade: 2	きん Grade: 2
irregular	tōon

Borrowing from Vietnamese 東京 (Đông Kinh, “Eastern capital”), a historical name for Hanoi. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Proper noun

東京(トンキン) or 東京(proper) • (tonkin or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|とんきん]]

1. (historical) Tonkin (northern region of Vietnam)

Derived terms

• 東(トン)京(キン)錦(にしき) (Tonkin nishiki)

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Korean

Hanja in this term
東	京

Proper noun

東京 • (Donggyeong) (hangeul 동경)

1. Hanja form^? of 동경 (“alternative name of Tokyo”).

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Okinawan

Kanji in this term
東	京
とー Grade: 2	ちょー Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /toːt͡ɕoː/

Proper noun

1. Tokyo (capital city of Japan), the 23 special wards

   東京(とーちょー)んかい行(い)ち欲(ぶ)さん。

   Tōchō-nkai ichibusan.

   (I) want to go to Tokyo.

References

• “とーちょー【東京】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “トーチョー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
• National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (2001 [1963]) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Zaimushō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
東	京

Proper noun

東京

1. Template:han tu form of