洋

Translingual

Han character

洋 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水廿手 (ETQ), four-corner 3815₁, composition ⿰氵羊)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 619, character 28
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17363
• Dae Jaweon: page 1014, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1615, character 11
• Unihan data for U+6D0B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		洋

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (羊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
样	*ʔslaːŋ, *laŋ
佯	*zlaŋ, *laŋ
詳	*ljaŋ, *laŋ
洋	*ljaŋ, *laŋ
翔	*ljaŋ
庠	*ljaŋ
祥	*ljaŋ
痒	*ljaŋ, *laŋʔ
姜	*klaŋ
羌	*kʰlaŋ
蜣	*kʰlaŋ
猐	*kʰlaŋ
唴	*kʰlaŋs
羊	*laŋ
徉	*laŋ
烊	*laŋ
蛘	*laŋ, *laŋʔ
眻	*laŋ, *laŋs
鴹	*laŋ
恙	*laŋs
羕	*laŋs
樣	*laŋs
漾	*laŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaŋ, *laŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ).

Etymology

“Multitudinous; vast; ocean”

Schuessler (2007) compares it with Tibetan ཡངས་པ (yangs pa, “wide; extensive; vast; spacious”). In contrast, Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lɨ̆ŋ (“wave”), encompassing this and Tibetan ཀློང (klong, “space; expanse; wave”), Burmese လှိုင်း (hluing:, “wave; to abound; plentiful”).

Compare 羕 (OC *laŋs, “(of rivers) long”), 漾 (OC *laŋs, “waves; (of rivers) long”).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 洋

1. Name of a river in southern Shaanxi.
2. multitudinous; vast
3. ocean; vast area of sea; great expanse of water
4. overseas; foreign; western; imported
5. modern; stylish; fashionable
6. novel; unusual
7. (historical) foreign money; dollar
8. (Min) vast expanse of flat land
9. a surname

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (洋):

• → Japanese: 洋(よう) (yō)
• → Korean: 양(洋) (yang)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiáng (xiang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siáng
    • Wade–Giles: hsiang²
    • Yale: syáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyang
    • Palladius: сян (sjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: coeng⁴
    • Yale: chèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: zjang

Rime
Character	洋
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	似羊切
Baxter	zjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ziɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ziɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ziaŋ/
Wang Li	/zĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ljaŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洋
Reading #	1/2
No.	14525
Phonetic component	羊
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	詳
Old Chinese	/*ljaŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 洋

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 翔 (xiáng, “to soar; wing; side”).
2. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 祥 (xiáng, “good fortune; to bless”).
3. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 祥 (xiáng, “gentle; tender”).
4. ^† Alternative name for 彌河／弥河 (“Mi River in Shandong”).
5. ^† (～州) Yang Prefecture (an ancient prefecture of Shaanxi)

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǎng (yang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǎng
    • Wade–Giles: yang³
    • Yale: yǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeang
    • Palladius: ян (jan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 洋

1. ^† Only used in 洋洋, (deprecated template usage) alternative form of 養養／养养 (yǎngyǎng, “worried; anxious”).

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

洋

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. ocean
2. foreign country
3. the West
4. vast, wide

Readings

From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC yang, “ocean, West”):

• Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC zjang, “Mi River”):

• Go-on: ぞう (zō)^{←ざう (zau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}

Native Japanese readings:

• Kun: なだ (nada, 洋)
• Nanori: あきら (akira); うみ (umi); おおみ (ōmi)^{←おほみ (ofomi, historical)}; きよ (kiyo); なみ (nami); はるか (haruka); ひろ (hiro); ひろし (hiroshi); ひろみ (hiromi); ひろむ (hiromu); ふかし (fukashi); み (mi); ゆたか (yutaka); わたる (wataru)

Compounds

Compounds

• 洋(よう)洋(よう), 洋(よう)々(よう) (yōyō)
• 洋(よう)上(じょう) (yōjō)
• 遠(えん)洋(よう) (en'yō)
• 海(かい)洋(よう) (kaiyō)
• 外(がい)洋(よう) (gaiyō)
• 極(きょく)洋(よう) (kyokuyō)
• 洸(こう)洋(よう), 潢(こう)洋(よう) (kōyō)
• 西(せい)洋(よう) (seiyō)
• 大(たい)西(せい)洋(よう) (Taiseiyō)
• 太(たい)平(へい)洋(よう) (Taiheiyō)
• 大(たい)洋(よう) (taiyō)
• 東(とう)洋(よう) (tōyō)
• 渡(と)洋(よう) (toyō)
• 南(なん)洋(よう) (nan'yō)
• 望(ぼう)洋(よう) (bōyō)
• 芒(ぼう)洋(よう), 茫(ぼう)洋(よう) (bōyō)
• 北(ほく)洋(よう) (hokuyō)
• 洋(よう)灯(とう) (yōtō), 洋灯(ランプ) (ranpu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
洋
よう Grade: 3
on’yomi

/jɨau/ → /jɔː/ → /joː/

From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC yang). Compare modern Mandarin 洋 (yáng).

Noun

洋(よう) • (yō) ^{←やう (yau)?}

1. an ocean
2. (by extension, from the sense of across the ocean) the East (Orient) or especially the West (Occident)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 洋画(ようが) (yōga)
• 洋学(ようがく) (yōgaku)
• 洋楽(ようがく) (yōgaku)
• 洋掛(ようがけ), 洋(よう)掛(が)け (yōgake)
• 洋菓子(ようがし) (yōgashi)
• 洋(よう)辛子(がらし), 洋(よう)芥子(がらし) (yōgarashi)
• 洋行(ようこう) (yōkō)
• 洋裁(ようさい) (yōsai)
• 洋紙(ようし) (yōshi)
• 洋書(ようしょ) (yōsho)
• 洋食(ようしょく) (yōshoku)
• 洋装(ようそう) (yōsō)
• 洋凧(ようだこ) (yōdako)
• 洋灯(ようとう) (yōtō)
• 洋(よう)鋏(ばさみ) (yōbasami)
• 洋品(ようひん) (yōhin)
• 洋本(ようほん) (yōhon)
• 洋風(ようふう) (yōfū)
• 洋服(ようふく) (yōfuku)
• 和洋(わよう) (wayō)

Idioms

• 洋(よう)の東(とう)西(ざい)を問(と)わず (yō no tōzai o towazu): “regardless of east or west of the ocean” → in either the East or the West → anywhere in the world, all over the world

Proper noun

洋(よう) • (Yō) ^{←やう (yau)?}

2. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
洋
なだ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Alternative forms

• 灘

Noun

洋(なだ) • (nada) 

1. Alternative spelling of 灘 (nada): the open sea

Proper noun

洋(なだ) • (Nada) 

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
洋
ひろし Grade: 3
irregular

Nominalization of the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of classical adjective 広し (hiroshi), modern 広い (hiroi, “vast, wide”).

Proper noun

洋(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

2. a male or female given name

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Korean

Hanja

洋 • (yang) (hangeul 양)

1. ocean
2. western (西洋)

Compounds

• 서양 (seoyang) (西洋) the West (Europe, America)
• 동양 (dong'yang) (東洋) the East, the Orient (Asia)
• 양식 (yangsik) (洋式) western style
• 양식 (yangsik) (洋食) western food
• 태평양 (taepyeong'yang) (太平洋) the Pacific
• 대서양 (daeseoyang) (大西洋) the Atlantic
• 인도양 (indoyang) (印度洋) the Indian Ocean
• 해양 (haeyang) (海洋) ocean, sea
• 양말 (yangmal) (洋襪) socks
• 양복 (yangbok) (洋服) suit
• 원양 (wonyang) (遠洋) far sea, deep sea

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 洋 (dương)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.