灘

See also: 滩

Translingual

Han character

灘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+19, 22 strokes, cangjie input 水廿人土 (ETOG), four-corner 3011₄, composition ⿰氵難)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 663, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18784
• Dae Jaweon: page 1072, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1794, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7058

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Chinese

trad.		灘
simp.		滩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 灘
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儺	*naːl
臡	*naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆	*n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹	*n̥ʰaːn
攤	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱	*n̥ʰaːn
歎	*n̥ʰaːns
難	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢	*hnaːns
戁	*rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tān (tan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thoaⁿ / than

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tuan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tān
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tan
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan¹
    • Yale: tān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tan
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: taan¹
    • Yale: tāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoaⁿ / than
    • Tâi-lô: thuann / than
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tvoaf, tafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuã³³/, /tʰan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/

Note:

• thoaⁿ - vernacular;
• than - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: tuan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thuaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰũã³³/

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• Middle Chinese: than, xanX, nanH

Rime
Character	灘	灘	灘
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	曉 (32)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	他干切	呼旱切	奴案切
Baxter	than	xanX	nanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑn/	/hɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑn/	/hɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰan/	/hanX/	/nanH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tān	hǎn	nàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan1	hon2	naan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːn/, /*naːns/, /*hnaːnʔ/, /*hnaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	灘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tān
Middle Chinese	‹ than ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁar/ (E dialect: *n̥ˁ- > MC th-)
English	foreshore
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灘	灘	灘	灘
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	4891	4901	4902	4908
Phonetic component	暵	暵	暵	暵
Rime group	元	元	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	灘	攤	䍐	漢
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰaːn/	/*naːns/	/*hnaːnʔ/	/*hnaːns/
Notes				原隹作鳥據旱韻又音校改

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 灘

1. shoal
2. beach
3. Classifier for liquid or paste spread over a surface: pool, puddle

Synonyms

• (Sichuanese) 𣲩 (pá)

References

• “Entry #13246”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

灘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: たん (tan)
• Kan-on: たん (tan)
• Kan’yō-on: だん (dan)
• Kun: なだ (nada, 灘); せ (se)
• Nanori: だな (dana); なん (nan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
灘
なだ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Noun

灘(なだ) • (nada) 

1. open sea

   玄界(げんかい)灘(なだ)

   Genkai Nada

   Genkai Sea

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Korean

Hanja

灘 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 灘 (than)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.