繁華

See also: 繁华

Chinese

		complicated; many; in great numbers	flowery; flourishing; magnificent flowery; flourishing; magnificent; your; grey; corona; time; essence; China; Chinese; name of a mountain
trad. (繁華)		繁	華
simp. (繁华)		繁	华

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fánhuá

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faan⁴ waa⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fàn-fà

(Hailu, HRS): fan fa
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hoân-hôa

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵ hua⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fánhuá
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fánhuá
  - Wade–Giles: fan²-hua²
  - Yale: fán-hwá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnhwa
  - Palladius: фаньхуа (fanʹxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan⁴ waa⁴
  - Yale: fàahn wàh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁴ waa⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan⁴ wa⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn²¹ waː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fàn-fà
  - Hakka Romanization System: fan^ˇ fa^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fan² fa²
  - Sinological IPA: /fan¹¹ fa¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fan fa
  - Sinological IPA: /fan⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân-hôa
  - Tâi-lô: huân-huâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoanhoaa
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /huan²⁴⁻²² hua²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²⁴⁻²² hua²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³⁻²² hua¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /huan²⁴⁻¹¹ hua²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³⁻³³ hua²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁵ hua⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng huâ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hua⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: bjon hwae

Rime
Character	繁	華
Reading #	1/3	1/3
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	附袁切	戸花切
Baxter	bjon	hwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bʉɐn/	/ɦˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷiɐn/	/ɦʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/biuɐn/	/ɣua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buan/	/ɦwaɨ/
Li Rong	/biuɐn/	/ɣua/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐn/	/ɣwa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐn/	/ɣwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fán	huá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan⁴	waa⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ar N-qʷʰˤra/

(Zhengzhang): /*ban ɡʷraː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	繁	華
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fán	huá
Middle Chinese	‹ bjon ›	‹ hwæ ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ar/	/*N-qʷʰˁra/
English	abundant, numerous	flower (v.); flowery (adj.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	繁	華
Reading #	3/3	2/3
No.	2951	5312
Phonetic component	緐	華
Rime group	元	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	煩	華
Old Chinese	/*ban/	/*ɡʷraː/
Notes	說文作緐	說文於聲

Adjective

繁華

lively; bustling; busy
繁華街市／繁华街市 ― fánhuá jiēshì ― busy street
(literary) beautiful
(literary) luxurious; lavish; extravagant
(literary) wealthy and respectable (in terms of social status)

Synonyms

(lively):

edit

全盛 (quánshèng)
卬卬 (áng'áng) (literary)
富強 / 富强 (fùqiáng)
富昌 (fùchāng) (literary)
富盛 (fùshèng) (literary)
強盛 / 强盛 (qiángshèng)
昌 (literary, or in compounds)
昌明 (chāngmíng) (literary, of a government, culture, etc.)
旺盛 (wàngshèng)
昌盛 (chāngshèng)
昌隆 (chānglóng)
景氣 / 景气 (jǐngqì)
暢旺 / 畅旺 (chàngwàng)
條暢 / 条畅 (tiáochàng) (literary)
火爆 (huǒbào)
紅火 / 红火 (hónghuo) (mainland China)
繁榮 / 繁荣 (fánróng)
繁盛 (fánshèng)
繽紛 / 缤纷 (bīnfēn) (literary)
興旺 / 兴旺 (xīngwàng)
興盛 / 兴盛 (xīngshèng)
興隆 / 兴隆 (xīnglóng)
茂盛 (màoshèng)
蓬勃 (péngbó)
蕃昌 (fánchāng) (literary)
軫軫 / 轸轸 (zhěnzhěn) (literary)
隆昌 (lóngchāng) (literary)
隆盛 (lóngshèng)
鼎盛 (dǐngshèng)

(beautiful):

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俊 (jùn)
俊俏 (jùnqiào) (attractive and smart)
俊秀 (jùnxiù)
俊美 (jùnměi) (of a young male)
俏麗 / 俏丽 (qiàolì) (usually of a female)
奇麗 / 奇丽 (qílì) (singularly beautiful)
好看 (hǎokàn)
妖嬌 / 妖娇 (iau-kiau) (Hokkien)
姣美 (jiāoměi) (formal, of a face or posture)
妍美 (yánměi) (literary)
嬌豔 / 娇艳 (jiāoyàn) (delicate and charming)
嬌逸 / 娇逸 (jiāoyì) (literary, of a young male)
悅目 / 悦目 (yuèmù)
是樣 / 是样 (shìyàng) (colloquial)
標緻 / 标致 (biāozhì) (usually of a woman)
清秀 (qīngxiù)
漂亮
秀媚 (xiùmèi)
秀美 (xiùměi)
秀逸 (xiùyì)
秀麗 / 秀丽 (xiùlì)
綺麗 / 绮丽 (qǐlì)
美觀 / 美观 (měiguān)
美麗 / 美丽 (měilì)
耐看 (nàikàn)
花花 (huāhuā) (literary)
豔麗 / 艳丽 (yànlì)
邊式 / 边式 (biānshi) (regional, of dress, physique, etc.)
體面 / 体面 (tǐmiàn)
鮮亮 / 鲜亮 (xiānliàng) (dialectal)
鮮麗 / 鲜丽 (xiānlì)

(luxurious):

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侈奢 (chǐshē) (formal)
奢侈 (shēchǐ)
奢華 / 奢华 (shēhuá)
奢靡
排場 / 排场
豪華 / 豪华 (háohuá)
鋪張 / 铺张 (pūzhāng)
鋪排 / 铺排 (pūpái)

(wealthy and respectable):

edit

煊赫 (xuānhè) (literary)
矜貴 / 矜贵 (jīnguì) (literary)
貴氣 / 贵气 (gei¹ hei¹) (Taishanese)
赫赫 (hèhè) (literary)
顯要 / 显要 (xiǎnyào)
顯赫 / 显赫 (xiǎnhè)
高貴 / 高贵 (gāoguì)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “lively”):

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不景 (bùjǐng) (Hong Kong)
不景氣 / 不景气 (bùjǐngqì)
低迷 (dīmí)
冷淡 (lěngdàn)
慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
清淡 (qīngdàn)
蕭條 / 萧条 (xiāotiáo)

Noun

繁華

(literary) glory and splendor
(literary, figurative) youth; adolescence; youthfulness; prime of one's life

Synonyms

(glory and splendor): 榮華／荣华 (rónghuá)
(youth): 青春 (qīngchūn)

Derived terms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
繁	華
はん Grade: S	か Grade: S
kan'on

Alternative spelling
繁華 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はんか [háꜜǹkà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
(Tokyo) はんか [hàńká] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [hã̠ŋka̠]

Adjective

繁(はん)華(か) • (hanka) ^{←はんくわ (fankwa)^?}-na (adnominal 繁(はん)華(か)な (hanka na), adverbial 繁(はん)華(か)に (hanka ni))

bustling
- 1915, Shizu Shiraki, Aojiroki Yume [Pale Dreams]‎^[1]:
  
  それは繁(はん)華(か)な電(でん)車(しゃ)通(どお)りであった。
  Sore wa hanka na densha dōri de atta.
  That was the bustling street with sidecar tracks.

Inflection

Inflection of 繁華
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	繁華だろ	はんかだろ	hanka daro
Continuative (連用形)	繁華で	はんかで	hanka de
Terminal (終止形)	繁華だ	はんかだ	hanka da
Attributive (連体形)	繁華な	はんかな	hanka na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	繁華なら	はんかなら	hanka nara
Imperative (命令形)	繁華であれ	はんかであれ	hanka de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	繁華ではない繁華じゃない	はんかではないはんかじゃない	hanka de wa nai hanka ja nai
Informal past	繁華だった	はんかだった	hanka datta
Informal negative past	繁華ではなかった繁華じゃなかった	はんかではなかったはんかじゃなかった	hanka de wa nakatta hanka ja nakatta
Formal	繁華です	はんかです	hanka desu
Formal negative	繁華ではありません繁華じゃありません	はんかではありませんはんかじゃありません	hanka de wa arimasen hanka ja arimasen
Formal past	繁華でした	はんかでした	hanka deshita
Formal negative past	繁華ではありませんでした繁華じゃありませんでした	はんかではありませんでしたはんかじゃありませんでした	hanka de wa arimasen deshita hanka ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	繁華で	はんかで	hanka de
Conditional	繁華なら（ば）	はんかなら（ば）	hanka nara (ba)
Provisional	繁華だったら	はんかだったら	hanka dattara
Volitional	繁華だろう	はんかだろう	hanka darō
Adverbial	繁華に	はんかに	hanka ni
Degree	繁華さ	はんかさ	hankasa

Derived terms

繁(はん)華(か)街(がい) (hankagai)

Noun

繁(はん)華(か) • (hanka) ^{←はんくわ (fankwa)^?}

bustle

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“繁華”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
繁	華

Noun

繁華 • (beonhwa) (hangeul 번화)

hanja form^? of 번화 (“bustle; prosperity; liveliness”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
繁	華

Adjective

繁華

chữ Hán form of phồn hoa (“bustling; prosper”)

[SMK7-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]