考
See also: 攷
Translingual
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Han character
考 (Kangxi radical 125, 老+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十大卜尸 (JKYS), four-corner 44207, composition ⿱耂丂(GTV) or ⿱耂⿺㇉一(H) or ⿱耂⿺㇉丿(JK))
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 960, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28843
- Dae Jaweon: page 1408, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2779, character 2
- Unihan data for U+8003
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
考 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 考 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Variant of 老 (OC *ruːʔ) – Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 耂 (“an old man with long hair, bent over”) + 匕 (“a cane”) – an old man, leaning on a cane. Compare top component to 孝 (OC *qʰruːs).
Structurally related to 老 (OC *ruːʔ); the most commonly cited example of 轉注 (“reciprocal meaning”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kǎo
- Wade–Giles: kʻao3
- Yale: kǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kao
- Palladius: као (kao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haau2
- Yale: háau
- Cantonese Pinyin: haau2
- Guangdong Romanization: hao2
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kháu
- Hakka Romanization System: kau`
- Hagfa Pinyim: kau3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰau̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóⁿ
- Tâi-lô: khónn
- Phofsit Daibuun: qvor
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó
- Tâi-lô: khó
- Phofsit Daibuun: qoir
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kao2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kháu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰau⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Middle Chinese: khawX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-r̥ˤuʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːʔ/
Definitions
- † long-lived; elderly
- † deceased father; posthumous name for male relations
- 祭王父曰皇祖考,王母曰皇祖妣。父曰皇考,母曰皇妣。夫曰皇辟。生曰父、曰母、曰妻,死曰考、曰妣、曰嬪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Jì wángfù yuē huángzǔkǎo, wángmǔ yuē huángzǔbǐ. Fù yuē huángkǎo, mǔ yuē huángbǐ. Fū yuē huángpì. Shēng yuē fù, yuē mǔ, yuē qī, sǐ yuē kǎo, yuē bǐ, yuē pín. [Pinyin]
- In sacrificing to them, a grandfather is called 'the sovereign grandfather'; a grandmother, 'the sovereign grandmother'; a father, 'the sovereign father'; a mother, 'the sovereign mother; a husband, 'the sovereign pattern.' While alive, the names of 'father', 'mother', and 'wife' are used; when they are dead, those of 'the completed one', 'the corresponding one', and 'the honored one'.
祭王父曰皇祖考,王母曰皇祖妣。父曰皇考,母曰皇妣。夫曰皇辟。生曰父、曰母、曰妻,死曰考、曰妣、曰嫔。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to examine; to check
- to consider
- to study; to investigate
- to test; to assess
- to have a test; to have an exam
- exam; test
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
考
Readings
- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kun: かんがえる (kangaeru, 考える, Jōyō)←かんがへる (kangaferu, 考へる, historical)←かむかへる (kamukaferu, 考へる, ancient); かんがえ (kangae)
Korean
Hanja
考 (eumhun 생각할 고 (saenggakhal go))
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 考 (khảo)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading かんが・える
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading かんが・へる
- Japanese kanji with ancient kun reading かむか・へる
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