茸

茸 U+8338, 茸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8338 ← 茷 [U+8337] CJK Unified Ideographs 茹 → [U+8339]

Translingual

Han character

茸 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, Cangjie input 廿尸十 (TSJ), four-corner 4440₁, composition ⿱艹耳)

Derived characters

• 傇, 媶, 搑, 榵, 穁, 縙, 䠜, 䤊, 䩸, 㲨

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1029, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30918
• Dae Jaweon: page 1488, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3200, character 3
• Unihan data for U+8338

Chinese

trad.		茸
simp. #		茸
alternative forms		𦶪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (茸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
茸	*njoŋ
髶	*njis, *njoŋ
搑	*njoŋ, *njoŋʔ
榵	*njoŋ
穁	*njoŋ, *njoŋʔ

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njoŋ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + abbreviated phonetic 聰 (OC *sʰloːŋ) (Shuowen).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “←→絨?”)

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): róng (rong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁴ / jung⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùng
• Northern Min (KCR): ě̤ng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liông / jiông

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: róng
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: róng
    • Wade–Giles: jung²
    • Yale: rúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rong
    • Palladius: жун (žun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jung⁴ / jung⁵
    • Yale: yùhng / yúhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴ / jung⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴ / yung⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/, /jʊŋ¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ě̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /œyŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
    • Tâi-lô: liông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiông
    • Tâi-lô: jiông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jioong
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɔŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔŋ²³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 茸
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐuŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʐuŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʐuŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/luŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐuŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/vəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/uə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʐuŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/və̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐuŋ⁵¹/ /vɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ioŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/zoŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/zoŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐoŋ¹/
	Nanjing	/ioŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/iŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/zuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ʐũŋ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/zoŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zoŋ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zoŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zoŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/yʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/in⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ioŋ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/in¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/luŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/iuŋ¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʒuŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/joŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/juŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/juŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liɔŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/yŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/œyŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/zoŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zɔŋ³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyowng

Rime
Character	茸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而容切
Baxter	nyowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuawŋ/
Li Rong	/ȵioŋ/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭwoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	róng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njoŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	茸
Reading #	1/1
No.	10854
Phonetic component	茸
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	茸
Old Chinese	/*njoŋ/
Notes	說文聰省聲，疑髶省聲

Definitions

茸

1. (of vegetation) soft and downy; newly sprouted and pilose
2. bud; sprout
3. fine hair; soft fur
4. pilose antler of a young stag

Compounds

• 丰茸
• 姬松茸 (jīsōngróng)
• 尨茸
• 松茸 (sōngróng)
• 椎茸 (zhuīróng)
• 毛茸
• 毛茸茸
• 狐裘龍茸 / 狐裘龙茸
• 紅茸 / 红茸
• 綠茸茸 / 绿茸茸
• 茸毛
• 茸茸 (róngróng)
• 菶茸
• 蒜茸 (suànróng)
• 蓊茸
• 蓮茸 / 莲茸 (liánróng)
• 蓬茸
• 蘢茸 / 茏茸
• 血茸 (xuèróng)
• 闒茸 / 阘茸
• 闒茸貨 / 阘茸货
• 鹿茸 (lùróng)
• 麋茸

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rǒng (rong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rǒng
    • Wade–Giles: jung³
    • Yale: rǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: roong
    • Palladius: жун (žun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐʊŋ²¹⁴/

Definitions

茸

1. (obsolete) to push in
2. Used in compounds.

Compounds

• 茸闒 / 茸阘
• 蓊茸
• 闒茸 / 阘茸

References

• (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) →ISBN.
• (Min Nan) “Query for 茸”, in 臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
• “茸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

茸

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: にょう (nyō)
• Kan-on: じょう (jō)
• Kun: しげる (shigeru, 茸る)、きのこ (kinoko, 茸)、たけ (take, 茸)、くさびら (kusabira, 茸)、くさひら (kusahira, 茸)、なば (naba, 茸)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
茸
きのこ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
菌 蕈

Originally a compound of 木(き) (ki, “tree”) + の (no, attributive or possessive particle) + 子(こ) (ko, “child”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲino̞ko̞]
• (Tokyo) きのこ [kíꜜnòkò] (Atamadaka – [1])

Noun

茸(きのこ) or 茸(キノコ) • (kinoko) 

1. a mushroom

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キノコ (kinoko).

Derived terms

• 茸(きのこ)雲(ぐも) (kinokogumo)
• キノピオ (kinopio, “Toad”)

See also

• 菇(きのこ) (kinoko)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
茸
たけ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ta̠ke̞]
• (Tokyo) たけ [tàké] (Heiban – [0])

Noun

茸(たけ) or 茸(タケ) • (take) 

1. (chiefly Kansai or in compounds) a mushroom
2. (colloquial) the flesh of an animal

Derived terms

• 藍茸(アイタケ) (aitake)
• 網笠茸(アミガサタケ) (amigasatake)
• 網茸(アミタケ) (amitake)
• 杏茸(アンズタケ) (anzutake)
• 岩茸(イワタケ) (iwatake)
• 臼茸(ウスタケ) (usutake)
• 海茸(ウミタケ) (umitake)
• 榎(エノキ)茸(ダケ) (enokidake, “enokidake mushroom, velvet shank”)
• 籠茸(カゴタケ) (kagotake)
• 茅茸(カヤタケ) (kayatake)
• 烏茸(カラスタケ) (karasutake)
• 瓦茸(カワラタケ) (kawaratake)
• 肝臓茸(カンゾウタケ) (kanzōtake)
• 狐茸(キツネタケ) (kitsunetake)
• 衣笠茸(キヌカサタケ) (kinukasatake)
• 栗茸(クリタケ) (kuritake)
• 革茸(コウタケ) (kōtake)
• 三鈷茸(サンコタケ) (sankotake)
• 椎(シイ)茸(タケ) (shiitake, “shiitake”)
• 鼈茸(スッポンタケ) (suppon take)
• 乳茸(チチタケ) (chichitake)
• 茶碗茸(チャワンタケ) (chawantake)
• 月夜茸(ツキヨタケ) (tsukiyotake)
• 天狗茸(テングタケ) (tengu take)
• 滑茸(なめたけ) (nametake)
• 楢茸(ナラタケ) (naratake)
• 錦茸(ニシキタケ) (nishikitake)
• 鼠茸(ねずみたけ) (nezumitake)
• 花弁茸(ハナビラタケ) (hanabiratake)
• 原茸(ハラタケ) (haratake)
• 鋲茸(ビョウタケ) (byōtake)
• 平(ヒラ)茸(タケ) (hiratake, “oyster mushroom”)
• 紅茸(べにたけ) (benitake)
• 箒茸(ホウキタケ) (hōkitake)
• 埃茸(ホコリタケ) (hokoritake)
• ポルチーニ茸(ダケ) (poruchīni-dake, “Porcini mushroom”)
• 舞(マイ)茸(タケ) (maitake, “maitake mushroom, hen of the woods”)
• 鱒茸(マスタケ) (masutake)
• 松(マツ)茸(タケ) (matsutake, “matsutake”)
• 万年茸(マンネンタケ) (mannentake)
• 萌黄茸(モエギタケ) (moegitake)
• モリーユ茸(ダケ) (morīyu-dake, “Morille mushroom”)
• 山鳥茸(ヤマドリタケ) (yamadoritake, “porcini”)
• 山伏茸(ヤマブシタケ) (yamabushitake)
• 幽霊茸(ゆうれいたけ) (yūreitake)

See also

• エリンギ (eringi, “eryngii mushroom”)
• トリュフ (toryufu, “truffle”)
• マッシュルーム (masshurūmu, “mushroom”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
茸
くさびら Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
草片 蔬 菌

Kanji in this term
茸
くさひら Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
草片 蔬 菌

Extension of 草片 (kusabira, “edible plant or green”), a compound of 草 (kusa, “grass”) +‎ 片 (hira, “something flat”). According to one theory, the historical reading of this word was kusahira, without rendaku, but it's now exclusively pronounced as kusabira.

Noun

茸(くさびら) or 茸(くさひら) • (kusabira or kusahira) 

1. (archaic, now dialectal) a mushroom
2. (etymology, obsolete) vegetable, greens
3. (euphemistic, in Ise Grand Shrine) the flesh of an animal

See also

• 斎(さい)宮(ぐう)の忌(い)み詞(ことば) (Saigū no imikotoba)

Proper noun

茸(くさびら) • (Kusabira) 

1. a kyogen play

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
茸
きのこ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From the mushroom motif of NTT Docomo's mascot.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲino̞ko̞]

Proper noun

茸(きのこ) • (Kinoko) 

1. (Internet slang) NTT Docomo

See also

• 庭(にわ) (niwa)
• 禿(はげ) (hage)
• 芋(いも) (imo)

References

• “^▲茸”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

茸 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

茸: Hán Nôm readings: nhung

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.