鼻
See also: 自
Template:character info/new Template:character info/new
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Japanese | 鼻 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 鼻 |
| Traditional | 鼻 |
Alternative forms
The form of this character differs slightly between China and Japan:
- in China: 鼻,
- in Japan: 鼻
That is, in China the bottom is 丌 (strokes T-junction), while in Japan the bottom is 廾 (strokes cross).
Han character
鼻 (Kangxi radical 209, 鼻+0, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹山田一中 (HUWML), four-corner 26446, composition ⿱自畀)
- Kangxi radical #209, ⿐.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1530, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48498
- Dae Jaweon: page 2066, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4779, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9F3B
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
鼻 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𢍂 second round simplified | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 鼻 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *blids) : semantic 自 (“nose”) + phonetic 畀 (OC *pids). 自 (OC *ɦljids) originally meant 'nose', but replaced by 鼻 (OC *blids) to represent the sense of “self”. Some scholars interpret 鼻 (OC *blids) as a combination of a nose (自 (OC *ɦljids)) and two lungs (畀 (OC *pids)).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bi (“nose”); compare Nuosu ꅳꁖ (hnap bbit, “nose; snot”).
Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-brit (“sneeze; nose; swallow”), whence Tibetan སྦྲིད (sbrid, “sneeze”), but there is no trace of r in Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).
In some modern lects, including Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Wu, and Xiang, and even in the literary layer of some Min dialects, the word reflects a form with final *-t. For example, in standard Mandarin, the word is pronounced bí (implying an old entering tone) instead of bì (the expected reflex from the departing tone in Middle Chinese). This is due to a phonological phenomenon in the northwest, either an early loss of *-s in the *-ts cluster before regular final cluster simplification occurred (Baxter, 1992), or a dialectal change from *-s to *-t (Pulleybank, 1998).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bi2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): pit7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): bieh5
- Northern Min (KCR): pī / bī
- Eastern Min (BUC): pé / bê / bĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5beq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bí
- Wade–Giles: pi2
- Yale: bí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: byi
- Palladius: би (bi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bi
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bei6
- Yale: beih
- Cantonese Pinyin: bei6
- Guangdong Romanization: béi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pei̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: bei5 / bei5*
- Sinological IPA (key): /pei³²/, /pei³²⁻³²⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- bei5 - “nose”;
- bei5* - “nasal mucus”.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: pit7
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰit̚²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi
- Hakka Romanization System: pi
- Hagfa Pinyim: pi4
- Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: bieh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pī / bī
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi⁵⁵/, /pi⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- pī - vernacular (noun);
- bī - vernacular (“to smell”).
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: pé / bê / bĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɛi²¹³/, /pɛi²⁴²/, /piʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- pé - vernacular (noun);
- bê - vernacular (“to smell”);
- bĭk - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phī
- Tâi-lô: phī
- Phofsit Daibuun: phi
- IPA (Lukang): /pʰi³¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /pʰi⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /pʰi²²/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phǐ
- Tâi-lô: phǐ
- IPA (Lukang): /pʰi³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi̍t
- Tâi-lô: pi̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: pit
- IPA (Xiamen): /pit̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pit̚¹²¹/
Note:
- phīⁿ/phī/phǐ - vernacular;
- pi̍t - literary.
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 鼻 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pi³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /pi²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /pi⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /pi⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /pi⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /pi⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /pi²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /pji²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /pi¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /pi⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /pi²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /pi³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /pi²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /pi³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /piʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /piəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /piəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /piʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /piəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /biɪʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /biəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /biəʔ²/ /bɑʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /bi²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰi²²/ |
| Tunxi | /pʰi⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pi²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /pʰi⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰiʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰi⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /pʰi⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pei²²/ |
| Nanning | /pi²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /pei²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pi²²/ /pʰi²²/ ～仔 |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pʰɛi²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pʰi⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /pĩ³¹/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /fi²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: bjijH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-bi[t]-s/, /*Cə-bi[t]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*blids/
Definitions
- (anatomy) nose
- nose-like object, protruding part
- initial; founding; beginning; original
- 鼻祖 ― bízǔ ― forefather; initiator
- (dialectal) nasal mucus; snot
- (Hakka, Min) to smell
Synonyms
Compounds
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References
- “Entry #10972”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
Kanji
鼻
Readings
Compounds
Pronunciation
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鼻 |
| はな Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
Audio: (file)
Noun
Etymology
From pointing to one's nose to refer to oneself.
Pronoun
Derived terms
- 鼻様 (hanasama)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 鼻 (MC bjijH). Recorded as Middle Korean 비〯 (pǐ) (Yale: pi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
- hanja form? of 비 (“nose; nasal; rhino-”)
- 비호흡 (鼻呼吸) ― bihoheup ― nasal respiration
- 비음 (鼻音) ― bieum ― a nasal sound
- 비모음 (鼻母音) ― bimo-eum ― nasal vowel
- 부비강 (副鼻腔) ― bubigang ― sinus
- 비염 (鼻炎) ― biyeom ― rhinitis
- 이비인후과 (耳鼻咽喉科) ― ibiinhugwa ― otorhinolaryngology
Compounds
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Kunigami
Kanji
鼻
Pronunciation
Noun
鼻 (hiragana ぱなー, romaji phanā)
Miyako
Kanji
鼻
Pronunciation
Noun
Okinawan
Kanji
鼻
Readings
Pronunciation
Noun
鼻 (hana)
References
- “ハナ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 鼻 (tị)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Yaeyama
Kanji
鼻
Pronunciation
Noun
Yonaguni
Kanji
鼻
Categories:
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- Chinese hanzi
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