齷齪

See also: 龌龊

Chinese

			dirty; small-minded
trad. (齷齪)		齷	齪
simp. (龌龊)		龌	龊

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wòchuò

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): aak¹ cuk¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ok-chhok

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wòchuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wòchuò
    • Wade–Giles: wo⁴-chʻo⁴
    • Yale: wò-chwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wohchuoh
    • Palladius: вочо (vočo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: aak¹ cuk¹
    • Yale: āak chūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: aak⁷ tsuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ag¹ cug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːk̚⁵ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-chhok
    • Tâi-lô: ok-tshok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: okzhog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰɔk̚³²/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'aewk tsrhaewk

Rime
Character	齷	齪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	於角切	測角切
Baxter	'aewk	tsrhaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠʌk̚/	/t͡ʃʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚɔk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɔk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨwk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɔk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ɔk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɔk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yue	chuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ok3	cok3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qroːɡ  sʰroːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齷	齪
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	13070	17918
Phonetic component	屋	足
Rime group	屋	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	渥	娖
Old Chinese	/*qroːɡ/	/*sʰroːɡ/
Notes	見張衡賦	注：開孔具。集韻以此爲正， 注齷齪迫也，見張衡賦

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 齷齪

1. filthy; dirty
2. small; narrow
3. vile; despicable

Synonyms

• (filthy):

(deprecated template usage)

• 不乾淨／不干净 (bù gānjìng)
• 惡濁／恶浊 (èzhuó)
• 污穢／污秽 (wūhuì)
• 骯髒／肮脏
• 髒／脏
• 髒兮兮／脏兮兮 (zāngxīxī)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 髒 (“dirty”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		污, 穢, 污穢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		骯髒, 污穢
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	髒, 腌臢
	Taiwan	髒, 骯髒
	Langfang	髒
	Harbin	埋汰
	Singapore	骯髒
Jilu Mandarin	Cangzhou	邋遢
	Baoding	骯髒
	Shijiazhuang	髒
	Jinan	髒, 窩囊, 腌臢
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	髒, 邋乎, 埋汰
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	齷齪, 邋遢
	Daming	陳
	Wanrong	髒, 日髒, 骯髒
	Xi'an	髒, 骯髒
	Xining	骯髒, 髒
	Xuzhou	骯髒, 腌臢
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	髒
	Lanzhou	髒
	Ürümqi	髒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	髒, 齷齪, 邋遢
	Wuhan	拉瓜, 賴
	Guiyang	髒
	Kunming	邋遢
	Liuzhou	邋遢, 污糟, 涴
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	髒
	Yangzhou	髒, 邋遢
	Hefei	髒, 膿糟, 拾弄
Cantonese	Guangzhou	污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓
	Hong Kong	污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	邋遢, 骯屎
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	骯屎
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	揦鮓
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	垠
	Macau	污糟
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	污糟, 邋遢
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	污糟, 邋遢
	Foshan	污糟, 邋遢
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	污糟
	Foshan (Shunde)	污糟
	Foshan (Sanshui)	污糟
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	污糟
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	邋遢
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	邋遢
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	揦鮓
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	揦鮓
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	揦鮓, 邋遢
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	揦鮓
	Taishan	邋遢, 揦鮓, 黧貰
	Kaiping (Chikan)	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Enping (Niujiang)	邋遢
	Heshan (Yayao)	邋遢
	Dongguan	賴濕, 鹹濕
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	垠
	Yangjiang	失引, 污糟, 揦鮓
	Singapore (Guangfu)	污糟, 揦鮓
Gan	Nanchang	腌臢
	Lichuan	邋遢
	Pingxiang	雷堆, 雷賴, 齷齪
Hakka	Meixian	漚紐, 穢
	Xingning	累贅
	Huidong (Daling)	囉嗦
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	囉嗦
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	囉嗦
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	烏數
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	烏奴
	Liannan	邋遢
	Jiexi	垃圾
	Changting	齷齪
	Wuping	屙糟
	Wuping (Pingyu)	屙糟
	Liancheng	屙糟
	Ninghua	齷齪
	Yudu	屙糟
	Ruijin	屙糟
	Shangyou (Shexi)	垃圾
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hong Kong	漚紐, 累贅, 囉嗦
Huizhou	Jixi	活柴, 污糟
	Shexian	邋遢, 污糟
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	遢邋
	Xiuning	遢邋
	Yixian	邋遢
	Qimen	邋遢
	Wuyuan	邋遢
Jin	Taiyuan	日髒, 髒, 腌臢
	Xinzhou	日髒
	Zhangjiakou	髒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	污喏, 垃圾
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	污喏
	Jianyang	污喏
	Wuyishan	垃圾
	Pucheng (Shibei)	垃圾
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	垃渣, 濫𡞟, 懶露, 五鹵, 齷齪
Southern Min	Xiamen	流瘍, 流死瘍, 垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 穢涗, 塕埃
	Quanzhou	腌臢, 兇, 驚儂, 穢涗, 塕埃
	Zhangzhou	腌臢, 垃圾, 淤漬, 驚儂, 垃圾鬼, 穢涗, 塕埃
	Taipei	垃圾, 垃儳, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	垃圾, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 驚儂
	Kaohsiung	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 驚儂
	Yilan	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂
	Changhua (Lukang)	垃圾, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂
	Taichung	垃圾
	Taichung (Wuqi)	垃圾
	Tainan	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂, 流𣻸
	Taitung	垃圾
	Hsinchu	垃圾, 腌臢, 癩𰣻
	Kinmen	垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 癩𰣻
	Penghu (Magong)	垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 癩𰣻
	Penang (Hokkien)	垃儳
	Singapore (Hokkien)	流瘍, 垃儳, 垃圾, 厚穢
	Manila (Hokkien)	腌臢
	Chaozhou	垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑
	Shantou	垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	垃圾
	Jieyang	垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	凄疑
	Singapore (Teochew)	垃圾, 邋遢
	Leizhou	邋滯
	Wenchang	尻髒
	Haikou	尻髒
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	污盧
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	齷齪
Wu	Shanghai	齷齪, 鏖糟 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	邋遢, 齷齪
	Suzhou	齷齪, 邋遢, 污糟
	Wuxi	污糟, 齷拉
	Danyang	髒
	Hangzhou	埲, 邋遢
	Ningbo	膩腥, 鏖糟, 淟汰, 邋遢 dated
	Wenzhou	鏖糟, 髒
	Jinhua	遮捏, 鏖糟
Xiang	Changsha	邋遢, 邋糊
	Shuangfeng	派老, 邋遢

Pronunciation 2

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ak-chak

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ak-chak
    • Tâi-lô: ak-tsak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: akzag
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sak̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ak̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sak̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 齷齪

1. (Southern Min) jittery; uncomfortable

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (齷齪):

• → Japanese: 齷齪(あくせく) (akuseku)
• → Korean: 악착(齷齪) (akchak)

(deprecated template usage)

---

Japanese

Kanji in this term
齷	齪
あく Hyōgaiji	せく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Adverb

齷(あく)齪(せく) • (akuseku) 

1. busily, fussily, worrying about small things

Usage notes

• Takes the と (to) particle.

Verb

齷(あく)齪(せく)する • (akuseku suru) suru (stem 齷(あく)齪(せく)し (akuseku shi), past 齷(あく)齪(せく)した (akuseku shita))

1. busy oneself, get worked up, worry oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of "齷齪する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	齷齪し	あくせくし	akuseku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	齷齪し	あくせくし	akuseku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	齷齪する	あくせくする	akuseku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	齷齪する	あくせくする	akuseku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	齷齪すれ	あくせくすれ	akuseku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	齷齪せよ¹ 齷齪しろ²	あくせくせよ¹ あくせくしろ²	akuseku seyo¹ akuseku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	齷齪される	あくせくされる	akuseku sareru
Causative	齷齪させる 齷齪さす	あくせくさせる あくせくさす	akuseku saseru akuseku sasu
Potential	齷齪できる	あくせくできる	akuseku dekiru
Volitional	齷齪しよう	あくせくしよう	akuseku shiyō
Negative	齷齪しない	あくせくしない	akuseku shinai
Negative continuative	齷齪せず	あくせくせず	akuseku sezu
Formal	齷齪します	あくせくします	akuseku shimasu
Perfective	齷齪した	あくせくした	akuseku shita
Conjunctive	齷齪して	あくせくして	akuseku shite
Hypothetical conditional	齷齪すれば	あくせくすれば	akuseku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

---

Korean

Hanja in this term
齷	齪

Noun

齷齪 • (akchak) (hangeul 악착)

1. Hanja form^? of 악착 (“stubbornness; tenacity”).