arbor
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɑːbə/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɑɹbɚ/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈaːbə/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)bə(ɹ)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”) (English herb). (Compare Late Latin herbārium, although erbier is possibly an independent formation.) The spelling was influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).
Alternative forms
[edit]- arbour (chiefly British)
Noun
[edit]arbor (plural arbors or arbores)
- A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
- 1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 24:
- Children swung from the branches of the banyan tree, teenagers climbed into the arbours of orchids and gourds into which the abandoned cars had been transformed.
- A grove of trees.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from French arbre (“tree, axis”), spelling influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).
Noun
[edit]arbor (plural arbors or arbores)
- An axis or shaft supporting a rotating part on a lathe.
- A bar for supporting cutting tools.
- A spindle of a wheel.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From English arbor, from Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]arbor (first-person possessive arborku, second-person possessive arbormu, third-person possessive arbornya)
- arbor: a shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
Further reading
[edit]- “arbor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Linde_von_linn.jpg/220px-Linde_von_linn.jpg)
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]By rhotacism from Old Latin arbōs, from Proto-Italic *arðōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high; to grow”), meaning "high upright plant". Cognate with arduus (“high”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈärbɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈärbor]
Noun
[edit]arbor f (genitive arboris); third declension
- a tree
- (metonymically) something made from a tree, of wood
- arbore mali ― the mast (of a ship)
- Synonym: mālus
- centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens ― an oar
- Pelias arbor ― Pelias's ship, the ship Argo
- Synonyms: iaculum, pīlum
- (euphemistic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - arbor infelix ― a gallows, gibbet
- (metonymically) the polypus (imagined to have arms like the branches of a tree)
Declension
[edit]- A poetic nominative arbōs is often found. Sextus Pompeius Festus documents archaic (Old Latin) variants arbosem, arboses.
- A rare locative singular arborī is attested.
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | arbor | arborēs |
Genitive | arboris | arborum |
Dative | arborī | arboribus |
Accusative | arborem | arborēs |
Ablative | arbore | arboribus |
Vocative | arbor | arborēs |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
References
[edit]- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 533: “un albero” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
- Buchi, Éva, Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–) “*/ˈarbor-e/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50
Further reading
[edit]- “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- arbor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- arbor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
- the trees are coming into leaf: arbores frondescunt
- to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
- to fell trees: arbores caedere
- the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
Old Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *arwar, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]arbor n (genitive arbae, nominative plural arbann)
Inflection
[edit]Neuter n-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | arborN | — | arbanL |
Vocative | arborN | — | arbanL |
Accusative | arborN | — | arbanL |
Genitive | arbae | — | arbanN |
Dative | arbaimL | — | arbanaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants
[edit]Mutation
[edit]Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
arbor (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-arbor |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “arbar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*arawar / *arawen-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 40
Old Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]arbor m (plural arbores)
- tree
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v. b.
- ally delãt ebrõ. es mõt mãbre. e ouo y grãt arbor. e fue enzina. ala rayz daq̃l arbor estaua abraã.
- There, past Hebron, is the hill Mamre, where there was a great oak tree. Abraham was [sitting] on the root of that tree.
- Idem, f. 42v. b.
- e crebantaredes todas cibdades en caſtelladas entodos los arbores fermoſos todas las fontanas del agua cerraredes. entodas las buenas señas abatredes […]
- And you shall defeat all cities and fortified towns, and fell all the good trees, and seal all the springs of water and ruin all the good pieces of land.
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v. b.
Descendants
[edit]Romanian
[edit]Noun
[edit]arbor m (plural arbori)
- Alternative form of arbore
Tagalog
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Backslang of Spanish robar (“to rob; to steal”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈʔaɾboɾ/ [ˈʔaɾ.boɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾboɾ
- Syllabification: ar‧bor
Noun
[edit]arbor (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔) (slang, back slang)
- act of claiming something to be of one's possesion; dibs
- (by extension) act of borrowing
- Synonym: hiram
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)bə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)bə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- Indonesian terms borrowed from English
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle English
- Indonesian terms derived from Old French
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erdʰ-
- Latin terms derived from Old Latin
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin feminine nouns in the third declension
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin metonyms
- Latin euphemisms
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Trees
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish neuter nouns
- Old Irish neuter n-stem nouns
- Old Spanish terms derived from Old Latin
- Old Spanish terms inherited from Old Latin
- Old Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Old Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Old Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Old Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Old Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Spanish lemmas
- Old Spanish nouns
- Old Spanish masculine nouns
- Old Spanish terms with quotations
- osp:Trees
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian masculine nouns
- Tagalog terms derived from Spanish
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aɾboɾ
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aɾboɾ/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog slang
- Tagalog back slang
- Tagalog terms with usage examples