nuka

See also: Nuka

Greenlandic

Alternative forms

• nukaq

Etymology

From Proto-Inuit *nuka- (“younger sibling of the same sex”), from Proto-Eskimo *nuka- (“younger sibling”).

Pronunciation

• (Nuuk) IPA^(key): /nuka/, [nʊ.kə]

Noun

nuka (plural nukat, and nukkat)

1. younger sibling of someone of equal gender

Declension

Declension of nuka

	singular	plural
absolutive	nuka	nukat
ergative	nukap	nukat
allative	nukamut	nukanut
ablative	nukamit	nukanit
prosecutive	nukakkut	nukatigut
locative	nukami	nukani
instrumental	nukamik	nukanik
equative	nukatut	nukatut

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Estonian nuga.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈnukɑ/, [ˈnukɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈnukɑ/, [ˈnuɡ̊ɑ]
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Hyphenation: nu‧ka

Noun

nuka

1. Synonym of veitsi

Declension

Declension of nuka (type 3/koira, k- gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	nuka	nuat
genitive	nuan	nukkiin
partitive	nukkaa	nukkia
illative	nukkaa	nukkii
inessive	nuas	nuis
elative	nuast	nuist
allative	nualle	nuille
adessive	nual	nuil
ablative	nualt	nuilt
translative	nuaks	nuiks
essive	nukanna, nukkaan	nukinna, nukkiin
exessive1)	nukant	nukint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 349

Japanese

Romanization

nuka

1. Rōmaji transcription of ぬか

Lozi

Noun

nuka

1. river

References

• R. M. Mukuni, Silozi-English Phrase Book (1991)

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nùnka.

Verb

-nuka

1. to smell (bad)

   Synonym: -nkgha

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Rwanda-Rundi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nùnka.

Verb

-nūka (infinitive kunūka, perfective -nūtse)

1. stink, smell bad

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nùnka.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Verb

-nuka (infinitive kunuka)

1. (intransitive) to smell, stink

Conjugation

Conjugation of -nuka
Positive present -nanuka Subjunctive -nuke Negative -nuki Imperative singular nuka
Infinitives
Positive kunuka Negative kutonuka
Imperatives
Singular nuka Plural nukeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hunuka Positive past positive subject concord + -linuka Negative past negative subject concord + -kunuka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nanuka) Singular Plural 1st person ninanuka/nanuka tunanuka 2nd person unanuka mnanuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ananuka wananuka other classes positive subject concord + -nanuka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -nuki) Singular Plural 1st person sinuki hatunuki 2nd person hunuki hamnuki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hanuki hawanuki other classes negative subject concord + -nuki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tanuka Negative future negative subject concord + -tanuka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -nuke) Singular Plural 1st person ninuke tunuke 2nd person unuke mnuke 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anuke wanuke other classes positive subject concord + -nuke
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sinuke Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngenuka Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singenuka Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalinuka Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalinuka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -anuka) Singular Plural 1st person nanuka twanuka 2nd person wanuka mwanuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anuka wanuka m-mi(III/IV) wanuka yanuka ji-ma(V/VI) lanuka yanuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) chanuka vyanuka n(IX/X) yanuka zanuka u(XI) wanuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwanuka pa(XVI) panuka mu(XVIII) mwanuka
Perfect positive subject concord + -menuka "Already" positive subject concord + -meshanuka "Not yet" negative subject concord + -januka "If/When" positive subject concord + -kinuka "If not" positive subject concord + -siponuka Consecutive kanuka / positive subject concord + -kanuka Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kanuke
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -ninuka -tunuka 2nd person -kunuka -wanuka/-kunukeni/-wanukeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mnuka -wanuka m-mi(III/IV) -unuka -inuka ji-ma(V/VI) -linuka -yanuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kinuka -vinuka n(IX/X) -inuka -zinuka u(XI) -unuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kunuka pa(XVI) -panuka mu(XVIII) -munuka Reflexive -jinuka
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -nuka- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -nukaye -nukao m-mi(III/IV) -nukao -nukayo ji-ma(V/VI) -nukalo -nukayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -nukacho -nukavyo n(IX/X) -nukayo -nukazo u(XI) -nukao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -nukako pa(XVI) -nukapo mu(XVIII) -nukamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -nuka) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yenuka -onuka m-mi(III/IV) -onuka -yonuka ji-ma(V/VI) -lonuka -yonuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chonuka -vyonuka n(IX/X) -yonuka -zonuka u(XI) -onuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -konuka pa(XVI) -ponuka mu(XVIII) -monuka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -nukia (“smell good”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • nukato (“scent, perfume”)

Waray-Waray

Noun

nuka

1. (anatomy) scab

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nùnka.

Verb

-nuka

1. to smell, to stink

   Synonym: -joja

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nùnka.

Verb

-nuka

1. (intransitive) to smell (have a particular odour)
2. (transitive) to smell (detect the odour of)

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukunuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukunuka	ukunganuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	nuka	-nuke
Plural	nukani	-nukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyanuka, nginuka	enginukayo, enginuka	nginuka	anginuki	enginganuki	nginganuki
2nd singular	uyanuka, unuka	onukayo, onuka	unuka	awunuki	onganuki	unganuki
1st plural	siyanuka, sinuka	esinukayo, esinuka	sinuka	asinuki	esinganuki	singanuki
2nd plural	niyanuka, ninuka	eninukayo, eninuka	ninuka	aninuki	eninganuki	ninganuki
Class 1	uyanuka, unuka	onukayo, onuka	enuka	akanuki	onganuki	enganuki
Class 2	bayanuka, banuka	abanukayo, abanuka	benuka	abanuki	abanganuki	benganuki
Class 3	uyanuka, unuka	onukayo, onuka	unuka	awunuki	onganuki	unganuki
Class 4	iyanuka, inuka	enukayo, enuka	inuka	ayinuki	enganuki	inganuki
Class 5	liyanuka, linuka	elinukayo, elinuka	linuka	alinuki	elinganuki	linganuki
Class 6	ayanuka, anuka	anukayo, anuka	enuka	awanuki	anganuki	enganuki
Class 7	siyanuka, sinuka	esinukayo, esinuka	sinuka	asinuki	esinganuki	singanuki
Class 8	ziyanuka, zinuka	ezinukayo, ezinuka	zinuka	azinuki	ezinganuki	zinganuki
Class 9	iyanuka, inuka	enukayo, enuka	inuka	ayinuki	enganuki	inganuki
Class 10	ziyanuka, zinuka	ezinukayo, ezinuka	zinuka	azinuki	ezinganuki	zinganuki
Class 11	luyanuka, lunuka	olunukayo, olunuka	lunuka	alunuki	olunganuki	lunganuki
Class 14	buyanuka, bunuka	obunukayo, obunuka	bunuka	abunuki	obunganuki	bunganuki
Class 15	kuyanuka, kunuka	okunukayo, okunuka	kunuka	akunuki	okunganuki	kunganuki
Class 17	kuyanuka, kunuka	okunukayo, okunuka	kunuka	akunuki	okunganuki	kunganuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	nginukile, nginukē	enginukile, enginukē	nginukile, nginukē	anginukanga	enginganukanga	nginganukanga
2nd singular	unukile, unukē	onukile, onukē	unukile, unukē	awunukanga	onganukanga	unganukanga
1st plural	sinukile, sinukē	esinukile, esinukē	sinukile, sinukē	asinukanga	esinganukanga	singanukanga
2nd plural	ninukile, ninukē	eninukile, eninukē	ninukile, ninukē	aninukanga	eninganukanga	ninganukanga
Class 1	unukile, unukē	onukile, onukē	enukile, enukē	akanukanga	onganukanga	enganukanga
Class 2	banukile, banukē	abanukile, abanukē	benukile, benukē	abanukanga	abanganukanga	benganukanga
Class 3	unukile, unukē	onukile, onukē	unukile, unukē	awunukanga	onganukanga	unganukanga
Class 4	inukile, inukē	enukile, enukē	inukile, inukē	ayinukanga	enganukanga	inganukanga
Class 5	linukile, linukē	elinukile, elinukē	linukile, linukē	alinukanga	elinganukanga	linganukanga
Class 6	anukile, anukē	anukile, anukē	enukile, enukē	awanukanga	anganukanga	enganukanga
Class 7	sinukile, sinukē	esinukile, esinukē	sinukile, sinukē	asinukanga	esinganukanga	singanukanga
Class 8	zinukile, zinukē	ezinukile, ezinukē	zinukile, zinukē	azinukanga	ezinganukanga	zinganukanga
Class 9	inukile, inukē	enukile, enukē	inukile, inukē	ayinukanga	enganukanga	inganukanga
Class 10	zinukile, zinukē	ezinukile, ezinukē	zinukile, zinukē	azinukanga	ezinganukanga	zinganukanga
Class 11	lunukile, lunukē	olunukile, olunukē	lunukile, lunukē	alunukanga	olunganukanga	lunganukanga
Class 14	bunukile, bunukē	obunukile, obunukē	bunukile, bunukē	abunukanga	obunganukanga	bunganukanga
Class 15	kunukile, kunukē	okunukile, okunukē	kunukile, kunukē	akunukanga	okunganukanga	kunganukanga
Class 17	kunukile, kunukē	okunukile, okunukē	kunukile, kunukē	akunukanga	okunganukanga	kunganukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngānuka	engānuka	ngānuka	anginukanga	enginganukanga	nginganukanga
2nd singular	wānuka	owānuka	wānuka	awunukanga	onganukanga	unganukanga
1st plural	sānuka	esānuka	sānuka	asinukanga	esinganukanga	singanukanga
2nd plural	nānuka	enānuka	nānuka	aninukanga	eninganukanga	ninganukanga
Class 1	wānuka	owānuka	ānuka	akanukanga	onganukanga	enganukanga
Class 2	bānuka	abānuka	bānuka	abanukanga	abanganukanga	benganukanga
Class 3	wānuka	owānuka	wānuka	awunukanga	onganukanga	unganukanga
Class 4	yānuka	eyānuka	yānuka	ayinukanga	enganukanga	inganukanga
Class 5	lānuka	elānuka	lānuka	alinukanga	elinganukanga	linganukanga
Class 6	ānuka	ānuka	ānuka	awanukanga	anganukanga	enganukanga
Class 7	sānuka	esānuka	sānuka	asinukanga	esinganukanga	singanukanga
Class 8	zānuka	ezānuka	zānuka	azinukanga	ezinganukanga	zinganukanga
Class 9	yānuka	eyānuka	yānuka	ayinukanga	enganukanga	inganukanga
Class 10	zānuka	ezānuka	zānuka	azinukanga	ezinganukanga	zinganukanga
Class 11	lwānuka	olwānuka	lwānuka	alunukanga	olunganukanga	lunganukanga
Class 14	bānuka	obānuka	bānuka	abunukanga	obunganukanga	bunganukanga
Class 15	kwānuka	okwānuka	kwānuka	akunukanga	okunganukanga	kunganukanga
Class 17	kwānuka	okwānuka	kwānuka	akunukanga	okunganukanga	kunganukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	nginganuka	—	nginganuka	ngingenuke	—	ngingenuke
2nd singular	unganuka	—	unganuka	ungenuke	—	ungenuke
1st plural	singanuka	—	singanuka	singenuke	—	singenuke
2nd plural	ninganuka	—	ninganuka	ningenuke	—	ningenuke
Class 1	anganuka	—	enganuka	angenuke	—	engenuke
Class 2	banganuka	—	benganuka	bangenuke	—	bengenuke
Class 3	unganuka	—	unganuka	ungenuke	—	ungenuke
Class 4	inganuka	—	inganuka	ingenuke	—	ingenuke
Class 5	linganuka	—	linganuka	lingenuke	—	lingenuke
Class 6	anganuka	—	enganuka	angenuke	—	engenuke
Class 7	singanuka	—	singanuka	singenuke	—	singenuke
Class 8	zinganuka	—	zinganuka	zingenuke	—	zingenuke
Class 9	inganuka	—	inganuka	ingenuke	—	ingenuke
Class 10	zinganuka	—	zinganuka	zingenuke	—	zingenuke
Class 11	lunganuka	—	lunganuka	lungenuke	—	lungenuke
Class 14	bunganuka	—	bunganuka	bungenuke	—	bungenuke
Class 15	kunganuka	—	kunganuka	kungenuke	—	kungenuke
Class 17	kunganuka	—	kunganuka	kungenuke	—	kungenuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizonuka	engizonuka	ngizonuka	angizunuka	engingezunuka	ngingezunuka
2nd singular	uzonuka	ozonuka	uzonuka	awuzunuka	ongezunuka	ungezunuka
1st plural	sizonuka	esizonuka	sizonuka	asizunuka	esingezunuka	singezunuka
2nd plural	nizonuka	enizonuka	nizonuka	anizunuka	eningezunuka	ningezunuka
Class 1	uzonuka	ozonuka	ezonuka	akazunuka	ongezunuka	engezunuka
Class 2	bazonuka	abazonuka	bezonuka	abazunuka	abangezunuka	bengezunuka
Class 3	uzonuka	ozonuka	uzonuka	awuzunuka	ongezunuka	ungezunuka
Class 4	izonuka	ezonuka	izonuka	ayizunuka	engezunuka	ingezunuka
Class 5	lizonuka	elizonuka	lizonuka	alizunuka	elingezunuka	lingezunuka
Class 6	azonuka	azonuka	ezonuka	awazunuka	angezunuka	engezunuka
Class 7	sizonuka	esizonuka	sizonuka	asizunuka	esingezunuka	singezunuka
Class 8	zizonuka	ezizonuka	zizonuka	azizunuka	ezingezunuka	zingezunuka
Class 9	izonuka	ezonuka	izonuka	ayizunuka	engezunuka	ingezunuka
Class 10	zizonuka	ezizonuka	zizonuka	azizunuka	ezingezunuka	zingezunuka
Class 11	luzonuka	oluzonuka	luzonuka	aluzunuka	olungezunuka	lungezunuka
Class 14	buzonuka	obuzonuka	buzonuka	abuzunuka	obungezunuka	bungezunuka
Class 15	kuzonuka	okuzonuka	kuzonuka	akuzunuka	okungezunuka	kungezunuka
Class 17	kuzonuka	okuzonuka	kuzonuka	akuzunuka	okungezunuka	kungezunuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyonuka	engiyonuka	ngiyonuka	angiyunuka	engingeyunuka	ngingeyunuka
2nd singular	uyonuka	oyonuka	uyonuka	awuyunuka	ongeyunuka	ungeyunuka
1st plural	siyonuka	esiyonuka	siyonuka	asiyunuka	esingeyunuka	singeyunuka
2nd plural	niyonuka	eniyonuka	niyonuka	aniyunuka	eningeyunuka	ningeyunuka
Class 1	uyonuka	oyonuka	eyonuka	akayunuka	ongeyunuka	engeyunuka
Class 2	bayonuka	abayonuka	beyonuka	abayunuka	abangeyunuka	bengeyunuka
Class 3	uyonuka	oyonuka	uyonuka	awuyunuka	ongeyunuka	ungeyunuka
Class 4	iyonuka	eyonuka	iyonuka	ayiyunuka	engeyunuka	ingeyunuka
Class 5	liyonuka	eliyonuka	liyonuka	aliyunuka	elingeyunuka	lingeyunuka
Class 6	ayonuka	ayonuka	eyonuka	awayunuka	angeyunuka	engeyunuka
Class 7	siyonuka	esiyonuka	siyonuka	asiyunuka	esingeyunuka	singeyunuka
Class 8	ziyonuka	eziyonuka	ziyonuka	aziyunuka	ezingeyunuka	zingeyunuka
Class 9	iyonuka	eyonuka	iyonuka	ayiyunuka	engeyunuka	ingeyunuka
Class 10	ziyonuka	eziyonuka	ziyonuka	aziyunuka	ezingeyunuka	zingeyunuka
Class 11	luyonuka	oluyonuka	luyonuka	aluyunuka	olungeyunuka	lungeyunuka
Class 14	buyonuka	obuyonuka	buyonuka	abuyunuka	obungeyunuka	bungeyunuka
Class 15	kuyonuka	okuyonuka	kuyonuka	akuyunuka	okungeyunuka	kungeyunuka
Class 17	kuyonuka	okuyonuka	kuyonuka	akuyunuka	okungeyunuka	kungeyunuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	nginuke	nginganuki
2nd singular	unuke	unganuki
1st plural	sinuke	singanuki
2nd plural	ninuke	ninganuki
Class 1	anuke	anganuki
Class 2	banuke	banganuki
Class 3	unuke	unganuki
Class 4	inuke	inganuki
Class 5	linuke	linganuki
Class 6	anuke	anganuki
Class 7	sinuke	singanuki
Class 8	zinuke	zinganuki
Class 9	inuke	inganuki
Class 10	zinuke	zinganuki
Class 11	lunuke	lunganuki
Class 14	bunuke	bunganuki
Class 15	kunuke	kunganuki
Class 17	kunuke	kunganuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	nganuka	nganganuka, anganuka, anganganuka
2nd singular	wanuka	wanganuka, awanuka, awanganuka
1st plural	sanuka	sanganuka, asanuka, asanganuka
2nd plural	nanuka	nanganuka, ananuka, ananganuka
Class 1	wanuka	wanganuka, akanuka, akanganuka
Class 2	banuka	banganuka, abanuka, abanganuka
Class 3	wanuka	wanganuka, awanuka, awanganuka
Class 4	yanuka	yanganuka, ayanuka, ayanganuka
Class 5	lanuka	langanuka, alanuka, alanganuka
Class 6	anuka	anganuka, awanuka, awanganuka
Class 7	sanuka	sanganuka, asanuka, asanganuka
Class 8	zanuka	zanganuka, azanuka, azanganuka
Class 9	yanuka	yanganuka, ayanuka, ayanganuka
Class 10	zanuka	zanganuka, azanuka, azanganuka
Class 11	lwanuka	lwanganuka, alwanuka, alwanganuka
Class 14	banuka	banganuka, abanuka, abanganuka
Class 15	kwanuka	kwanganuka, akwanuka, akwanganuka
Class 17	kwanuka	kwanganuka, akwanuka, akwanganuka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “nuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “nuka (6.3)”