úr

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ur"

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse úr (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).

Preposition

úr (+ dative)

1. out of

   fara úr klæðunum ― to undress

   draga bát úr neysti ― to pull a boat out of the boathouse

   úr jarni, viði, gulli ― (made) of iron, wood, wool

2. from

   drekka úr fløsku ― to drink from the bottle

   fara úr einum felag ― to resign from a club

   hann slapp úr oynni ― he left the island

   stað úr stað ― from place to place

   úr øllum ættum ― from everywhere

   hann kemur úr Onglandi ― he comes from England

   umseta úr enskum ― translate from English

3. off

   í ein útnyrðing úr Føroyum ― in the northwest off the Faroes

Antonyms

• í (“in”)

Adverb

úr

1. in expressions

   hava úr at gera ― to have much to do

   verða úr ― to happen

Synonyms

• (much): nógv
• (to happen): henda

Hungarian

Etymology

1. From Proto-Finno-Ugric *urɜ (“man, male”).

Less likely

1. Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *ūŕ (“master, craftsman”). Compare Karakhanid اُوزْ (ūz, “skillful”) and Mongolian ур (ur, “handicraft, skill, craft”) which was probably also borrowed from Turkic.
2. From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hri-, cf. Sanskrit sūrí (“lord, sacrificial lord”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈuːr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːr

Noun

úr (plural urak)

1. master (someone who has control over something or someone)

   Synonym: (owner of a dog) gazda

   Antonym: szolga (“slave”)

2. (Judaism, Christianity, capitalized) Lord
   • 1908, revised Bible translation of Gáspár Károlyi, Isaiah 48:17:

     Így szól az Úr, Megváltód, Izráelnek Szentje: Én vagyok az Úr, Istened, ki tanítlak hasznosra, és vezetlek oly úton, a melyen járnod kell.

     Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: I am the Lord your God, who teaches you for your own good, who leads you in the way you should go.

   Synonym: Isten

3. gentleman

   Synonym: úriember

   Coordinate term: hölgy

   Kint áll egy úr, és azt kérdezi, bejöhet-e. ― There is a gentleman standing outside, asking if he may come in.

4. (on its own, with a first-person possessive suffix) sir, gentleman (term of address)

   Coordinate terms: asszonyom, hölgyem (also with a possessive suffix), kisasszony, fiatalember

   Uram! ― Sir!

   Hölgyeim és uraim! ― Ladies and gentlemen!

5. (after surnames and certain occupational titles) Mr, Mr. (or omitted in English)

   Kovács úr ― Mr. Kovács (literally, “Mr. Smith”)

   doktor úr, mérnök úr, tanár/professzor úr, igazgató úr, bíró úr, often also nyomozó úr, író úr ― Doctor, Engineer, Professor, Manager, Judge; Inspector, Writer (especially as terms of address, cf. Your Honour)

   Coordinate terms: asszony, -nő

6. (with a possessive suffix, dated, folksy) husband

   Az urammal egy vonatúton ismerkedtünk meg. ― My husband and I met each other on a train ride.

   Synonyms: férj, férjeura

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	úr	urak
accusative	urat	urakat
dative	úrnak	uraknak
instrumental	úrral	urakkal
causal-final	úrért	urakért
translative	úrrá	urakká
terminative	úrig	urakig
essive-formal	úrként	urakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	úrban	urakban
superessive	úron	urakon
adessive	úrnál	uraknál
illative	úrba	urakba
sublative	úrra	urakra
allative	úrhoz	urakhoz
elative	úrból	urakból
delative	úrról	urakról
ablative	úrtól	uraktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	úré	uraké
non-attributive possessive - plural	úréi	urakéi

Possessive forms of úr
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	uram	uraim
2nd person sing.	urad	uraid
3rd person sing.	ura	urai
1st person plural	urunk	uraink
2nd person plural	uratok	uraitok
3rd person plural	uruk	uraik

Derived terms

• uradalom
• ural
• uralkodó
• uralom
• uras
• uraság
• uraskodik
• uratlan
• uraz
• urizál
• úrféle
• úri

 

Compound words with this term at the beginning

• úrasszony
• úrdolga
• úrfelmutatás
• úrfi
• úrhölgy
• úristen
• úrleány
• úrlovas
• úrnő
• úrvacsora
• úrvezető

 

Compound words with this term at the end

• apjaura
• bátyjaura
• fiatalúr
• földesúr
• főúr
• hadúr
• háziúr
• hűbérúr
• ifiúr
• kegyúr
• kényúr
• nagyúr
• önkényúr
• öregúr
• szobaúr
• tartományúr
• teremburáját (from teremtő +‎ urát)
• ténsúr
• várúr
• zászlósúr

Expressions

• hölgyeim és uraim

 

Further reading

• úr in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /uːr/
• Rhymes: -uːr

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German ur(e), from Old French ore (“time”).

Noun

úr n (genitive singular úrs, nominative plural úr)

1. clock
2. watch

Derived terms

• armbandsúr

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ór (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”). More at or-.

Preposition

úr

1. out of
2. from

   Hver stal kökunni úr krúsinni í gær?

   Who stole the cookie from the jar (cookie jar) last night?

Derived terms

• bæta úr skák
• draga úr
• fara úr öskunni í eldinn
• ganga úr skugga um
• hrista fram úr erminni
• láta hendur standa fram úr ermum
• skara fram úr
• velta upp úr brauðmylsnu
• velta upp úr hveiti
• vera eins og álfur út úr hól

 

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /uːɾˠ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish úr (“fresh”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros, from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, which derives from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”); see also Latin pūrus.

Adjective

úr (genitive singular masculine úir, genitive singular feminine úire, plural úra, comparative úire)

1. fresh; new
2. free, liberal
3. moist
4. (nominalized) anything fresh or new

Declension

Declension of úr

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	úr	úr	úra
Vocative	úir		úra
Genitive		úre	úra	úr
Dative	úr	úr; úir (archaic)	úra
Comparative	níos úre
Superlative	is úre

Derived terms

• Oileán Úr
• úraigh
• úrscéal

Etymology 2

Derived from Etymology 1 ("fresh") with a change of declension.

Noun

úr m (genitive singular úra) (literary)

1. letter U in Ogham alphabet: ᚒ

Declension

Declension of úr

Third declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative úr Vocative a úr Genitive úra Dative úr

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an t-úr Genitive an úra Dative leis an úr don úr

Etymology 3

Noun

úr m (genitive singular úir, nominative plural úir)

1. Alternative form of iúr (“yew”)

Declension

Declension of úr

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative úr úir Vocative a úir a úra Genitive úir úr Dative úr úir

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-úr na húir Genitive an úir na n-úr Dative leis an úr don úr leis na húir

Etymology 4

Determiner

úr

1. Alternative form of bhur (“your pl”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
úr	n-úr	húr	t-úr
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “úr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “úr”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “úr”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ūrą, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade form of *weh₁r- (“water”).

Noun

úr n

1. drizzle, spray
2. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚢ (u)

Declension

  Declension of úr (strong a-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	úr	úrit	úr	úrin
accusative	úr	úrit	úr	úrin
dative	úri	úrinu	úrum	úrunum
genitive	úrs	úrsins	úra	úranna

Descendants

• Icelandic: úr n
• Faroese: úr n
• Norwegian: ur m
• Old Swedish: ūr
  • Swedish: (obsolete) ur
    • ⇒ Swedish: i ur och skur
  • ⇒ Swedish: urvæta
  • ⇒ Swedish: urväder
• → Early Scots: *ur
  • Scots: ure, ur, oor (“drizzle”)
    • ⇒ Scots: urey, oorie, ourie (“rainy, hazy, rainbowy”)