炎
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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炎 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火火 (FF), four-corner 90809, composition ⿱火火)
Derived characters
[edit]- 烾, 㥕, 㷠, 𰟎, 𪹝, 𬫨, 𤎭, 𤎫, 𤎫, 𤐥, 𤑋
- 𠊌, 𡨼, 𤉞, 𤈹, 𢉘, 菼, 扊, 氮, 𭻞, 痰, 䆦, 𦋎, 𪐗, 𠪛, 𤐺, 𤑖, 𤒞, 𤓕
- 倓, 啖, 埮, 婒, 𢃔, 惔, 掞, 淡, 𤟇, 𮥐, 晱, 棪, 𣨬, 毯, 㷋, 𪺯, 琰, 腅, 𤯇, 𤲩, 𤾃, 睒, 𥟢, 裧, 䊏, 緂(𰬧), 䎦, 𦖠, 舕, 𦩗, 䗊
- 𧣹, 談(谈), 賧(赕), 𨁹, 𨌹, 醈, 𨤮, 錟(锬), 燄, 燅, 燚, 颷(𩙪), 餤(𱃿), 𮪋, 𩩧, 𭶟, 𮫣, 𩸥, 𪉧, 𮭽, 𪏋, 𪑓
- 剡, 郯, 𢻑, 敥, 𢽻, 欻, 㲜, 𤊼, 煔, 𭵞, 㷥, 𦧡, 𤌜, 𦫟, 覢(𬊦), 𤏭, 𤐞, 顃(𩖖), 𩗹, 𤐕, 𪂈(𬸖), 𤒳, 𤓧
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 667, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18910
- Dae Jaweon: page 1076, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2193, character 6
- Unihan data for U+708E
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 炎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 炎 | |
alternative forms | 炏 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
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倓 | *l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms |
緂 | *l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam |
毯 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ |
菼 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ |
裧 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams |
賧 | *l̥ʰaːms |
睒 | *l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ |
舕 | *l̥ʰaːms |
談 | *l'aːm |
郯 | *l'aːm |
惔 | *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
錟 | *l'aːm |
淡 | *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ |
痰 | *l'aːm |
餤 | *l'aːm |
啖 | *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
腅 | *l'aːms |
剡 | *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ |
覢 | *hljamʔ |
掞 | *hljams |
炎 | *ɦlam |
琰 | *lamʔ |
棪 | *lamʔ |
扊 | *lamʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 火 (“fire”). Duplication of 火 (“fire”).
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljam (“tongue; lick; flame”) (STEDT). Cognate with Chepang लेम्ह्सा (lemh‑, “to lick”), Burmese အလျှံ (a.hlyam, “flame; iridescence”). Within Chinese, cognate with 焰 (OC *loms, “to flame up”), 舔 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, “to lick”). Compare also Khmer លាម (liəm, “to flare up”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ièng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yán
- Wade–Giles: yen2
- Yale: yán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim4
- Yale: yìhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim4
- Guangdong Romanization: yim4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yiam5
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiam³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàm / yam
- Hakka Romanization System: iamˇ / iam
- Hagfa Pinyim: yam2 / yam4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯am¹¹/, /i̯am⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàm / yam
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iamˇ / (r)iam
- Hagfa Pinyim: yam2 / yam4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯am¹¹/, /(j)i̯am⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ièng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: hjem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷ(r)am/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɦlam/
Definitions
[edit]炎
- † flame; blaze; rising flame
- † to burn; to blaze
- blazing; burning hot; scorching
- red; bright red
- (figurative) power and influence
- (medicine) inflammation
- (mythology) Yan Emperor (ancient legendary Chinese ruler)
Compounds
[edit]- 世態炎涼/世态炎凉 (shìtàiyánliáng)
- 中耳炎 (zhōng'ěryán)
- 乳腺炎 (rǔxiànyán)
- 內耳炎/内耳炎 (nèi'ěryán)
- 副鼻腔炎 (fùbíqiāngyán)
- 卵巢炎 (luǎncháoyán)
- 口炎
- 口角炎 (kǒujiǎoyán)
- 咽喉炎 (yānhóuyán)
- 咽頭炎/咽头炎
- 喉炎 (hóuyán)
- 大腸炎/大肠炎
- 子宮頸炎/子宫颈炎 (zǐgōngjǐngyán)
- 孫炎/孙炎
- 尿道炎 (niàodàoyán)
- 心內膜炎/心内膜炎 (xīnnèimóyán)
- 扁桃腺炎 (biǎntáoxiàn yán)
- 支氣管炎/支气管炎 (zhīqìguǎnyán)
- 日本腦炎/日本脑炎 (Rìběn nǎoyán)
- 會厭炎/会厌炎 (huìyànyán)
- 毛囊炎 (máonángyán)
- 氣管炎/气管炎 (qìguǎnyán)
- 消炎 (xiāoyán)
- 消炎片
- 消炎藥/消炎药 (xiāoyányào)
- 淚囊炎/泪囊炎
- 炎上 (yánshàng)
- 炎丘
- 炎光
- 炎土
- 炎夏 (yánxià)
- 炎天
- 炎帝 (Yándì)
- 炎徼
- 炎方 (yánfāng)
- 炎日
- 炎旱
- 炎暑 (yánshǔ)
- 炎氣/炎气
- 炎涼/炎凉 (yánliáng)
- 炎涼世態/炎凉世态
- 炎漢/炎汉
- 炎火
- 炎炎 (yányán)
- 炎炎夏日 (yányánxiàrì)
- 炎焰
- 炎熱/炎热 (yánrè)
- 炎症 (yánzhèng, “inflammation”)
- 炎精
- 炎精之數/炎精之数
- 炎陽/炎阳
- 炎陽炙人/炎阳炙人
- 炎黃/炎黄 (Yán-Huáng)
- 炎黃子孫/炎黄子孙 (Yán-Huáng zǐsūn)
- 牙髓炎
- 發炎/发炎 (fāyán)
- 皮膚炎/皮肤炎 (pífūyán)
- 皮膚肌炎/皮肤肌炎 (pífūjīyán)
- 盲腸炎/盲肠炎 (mángchángyán)
- 瞼腺炎/睑腺炎
- 筋膜炎 (jīnmóyán)
- 結膜炎/结膜炎 (jiémóyán)
- 肋膜炎
- 肝火上炎
- 肝炎 (gānyán)
- 肺炎 (fèiyán)
- 股關節炎/股关节炎
- 胃炎 (wèiyán)
- 胰腺炎 (yíxiànyán)
- 胸膜炎 (xiōngmóyán)
- 腎炎/肾炎 (shènyán)
- 腎盂炎/肾盂炎
- 腦炎/脑炎 (nǎoyán)
- 腸炎/肠炎 (chángyán)
- 腮腺炎 (sāixiànyán)
- 腹膜炎 (fùmóyán)
- 腦膜炎/脑膜炎 (nǎomóyán)
- 膀胱炎 (pángguāngyán, “cystitis”)
- 舌炎 (shéyán)
- 角膜炎 (jiǎomóyán)
- 貴勢炎炎/贵势炎炎
- 赫赫炎炎
- 趨炎奉勢/趋炎奉势
- 趨炎附勢/趋炎附势 (qūyánfùshì)
- 趨炎附熱/趋炎附热
- 闌尾炎/阑尾炎 (lánwěiyán)
- 關節炎/关节炎 (guānjiéyán)
- 附炎
- 骨膜炎
- 骨髓炎 (gǔsuǐyán)
- 髓膜炎
- 鼓膜炎
- 鼻炎 (bíyán)
- 鼻竇炎/鼻窦炎 (bídòuyán)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “炎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)
- Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)
- Kun: ほのお (honoo, 炎, Jōyō)←ほのほ (fonofo, 炎, historical); ほむら (homura, 炎); もえる (moeru, 炎える)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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炎 |
ほのお Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
焔 焰 燄 (rare) |
⟨po no2 po⟩ → */ponəpo/ → /ɸonoɸo/ → /ɸonowo/ → /honowo/ → /hono.o/
From Old Japanese 炎 (pono2po).
Compound of 火 (ho, combining form of hi, “fire”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 穂 (ho, “ear, head”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) ほのお [hóꜜnòò] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][4][5]
- (Tokyo) ほのお [hònóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [2])[4]
- IPA(key): [ho̞no̞o̞]
Noun
[edit]- a flame
- ハリー・ポッターと炎のゴブレット
- Harī Pottā to Honoo no Goburetto
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
- 燃え広がる炎
- Moehirogaru Honoo
- Catching Fire
- 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi, page 5 (front):[6]
- 燄 保乃保
- 2001 December 22, “真紅眼の黒竜 [Red-Eyes Black Dragon]”, in Premium Pack 5, Konami:
- 真紅の眼を持つ黒竜。怒りの黒き炎はその眼に映る者全てを焼き尽くす。
- Shinku no me o motsu kokuryū. Ikari no kuroki honoo wa sono me ni utsuru mono subete o yakitsukusu.
- A black dragon with crimson eyes. Its black flames of fury burn away anything that’s reflected in those eyes.
- 真紅の眼を持つ黒竜。怒りの黒き炎はその眼に映る者全てを焼き尽くす。
- ハリー・ポッターと炎のゴブレット
- (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
炎 |
ほむら Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
焔 焰 燄 (rare) |
Compound of 火 (ho, “fire”, combining form) + 群 (mura, “gathering, group”).[2][3]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) ほむら [hòmúrá] (Heiban – [0])[3][5]
- (Tokyo) ほむら [hóꜜmùrà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- IPA(key): [ho̞mɯ̟ɾa̠]
Noun
[edit]- a flame
- (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
炎 |
えん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
/emʉ/ → /eɴ/
From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC hjem).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]- (medicine) -itis, inflammation of...
Derived terms
[edit]- 炎症 (enshō)
- 胃炎 (ien)
- 肝炎 (kan'en)
- 強膜炎 (kyōmakuen, “scleritis”)
- 筋炎 (kin'en, “myositis”)
- 結膜炎 (ketsumakuen)
- 虹彩炎 (kōsaien)
- 口内炎 (kōnaien)
- 細気管支炎 (saikikanshien, “bronchiolitis”)
- 腎盂炎 (jin'uen, “pyelitis”)
- 神経炎 (shinkeien, “neuritis”)
- 膵臓炎 (suizōen, “pancreatitis”)
- 脊髄炎 (sekizuien, “myelitis”)
- 舌炎 (zetsuen)
- 大腸炎 (daichōen)
- 胆嚢炎 (tannōen)
- 膣炎 (chitsuen, “vaginitis”)
- 虫垂炎 (chūsuien)
- 尿道炎 (nyōdōen)
- 肺炎 (haien)
- 葡萄膜炎 (budōmakuen)
- 膀胱炎 (bōkōen)
- 盲腸炎 (mōchōen)
- 網膜炎 (mōmakuen, “retinitis”)
Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
炎 |
えん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
焔 焰 燄 (rare) |
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Tsukishima, Hiroshi (1079) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 12: Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC hjem). Recorded as Middle Korean 염 (yem) (Yale: yem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]炎 (eumhun 불꽃 염 (bulkkot yeom))
Compounds
[edit]- 간염 (肝炎, ganyeom)
- 폐렴 (肺炎, pyeryeom)
- 비염 (鼻炎, biyeom)
- 염증 (炎症, yeomjeung)
- 폭염 (暴炎, pogyeom)
- 위염 (胃炎, wiyeom)
- 뇌염 (腦炎, noeyeom)
- 냉염 (冷炎, naeng'yeom)
- 장염 (腸炎, jang'yeom)
- 피부염 (皮膚炎, pibuyeom)
- 건초염 (腱鞘炎, geonchoyeom)
- 맹장염 (盲腸炎, maengjang'yeom)
- 관절염 (關節炎, gwanjeoryeom)
- 중이염 (中耳炎, jung'iyeom)
- 인후염 (咽喉炎, inhuyeom)
- 후두염 (喉頭炎, huduyeom)
- 인두염 (咽頭炎, induyeom)
- 외이염 (外耳炎, oeiyeom)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Compound of 火 (po, combining form of pi2, “fire”) + の (no2, possessive particle) + 穗 (po, “ear, head”).[1][2][3]
Noun
[edit]炎 (pono2po) (kana ほのほ)
- a flame
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 炎 (honō)
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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