尸
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]尸 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸 (S), four-corner 77207, composition ⿰丿コ)
- Kangxi radical #44, ⼫.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/尸
- 㕧, 迉, 𤰨, 𮓴, 𧥤, 𣢁, 𨾋, 鳲(鸤), 凥, 杘, 𣢂, 𧿃, 𨾈, 䬤, 孱, 䲩, 羼
- 戸, 户, 戶, 𠔅, 卢, 𡔜, 𠧕, 𢛥, 𡖀, 𥣡, 𦎾
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 299, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7630
- Dae Jaweon: page 595, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 963, character 14
- Unihan data for U+5C38
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 尸 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) - A man with his legs bending, and a side to the front. The picture is variously interpreted as either sitting or lying.
When used as a radical, 尸 is usually derived from a variation of 人 or 亻, as in 尾.
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
尸 |
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Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): si1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĭ
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shih
- Wade–Giles: shih1
- Yale: shr̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si1
- Yale: sī
- Cantonese Pinyin: si1
- Guangdong Romanization: xi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
- Hakka Romanization System: siiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: si1
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: syij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥̥[ə]j/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hli/
Definitions
[edit]尸
- (historical) a living person who represents the dead person during a rite
- dead body
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 尸 – see 屍 (“corpse; carcass”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 屍). |
Notes:
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Definitions
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尸 |
しかばね Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
Kanji in this term |
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尸 |
かばね Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 尸 – see the following entry. | ||||
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(This term, 尸, is an alternative spelling (mainly in compounds) of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]尸 (eum 시 (si))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Old Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Most likely from the Old Chinese initial of 尸 (OC *hli). Other, but less likely, hypotheses include that it was a graphic abbreviation of some other character with initial */l/ (but no such character has been easily identified), or that it was invented in Korea (but there would appear to be no motivation for this, given the commonness of /l/ in all stages of Chinese).
Phonogram
[edit]尸 (*-l or *-lh)
- A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-l or *-lh.
Usage notes
[edit]Note that Old Korean distinguished liquid 尸 (*-l) and rhotic 乙 (*-r), though the two merged in Middle Korean.
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]尸 (*-lq)
- The irrealis/prospective verbal gerund-marking suffix:
- what will, one who will, what to, what is, one who is, etc.; used to nominalize a verb in the future or in a general sense.
- which will, [something] to, which is, etc.; used as an adnominal, but chiefly for dependent nouns and certain common constructions.
- 765, 忠談師 (Chungdamsa), “安民歌 (Anmin-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:
- 君隱父也臣隱愛賜尸母史也
- *NIMKUM-un AP-ye SIN-un TOSU-si-lq Esi-ye
- The sovereign is a father; the ministers are loving mothers
- Used to introduce a statement being quoted.
- what will, one who will, what to, what is, one who is, etc.; used to nominalize a verb in the future or in a general sense.
Descendants
[edit]- Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮 (-(ú)lq, verbal irrealis particle, generally adnominal)
- Korean: 을 (-(eu)l, irrealis adnominal suffix)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 리〮 (-lí)
- Korean: 리 (-ri)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 리〮 (-lí)
- ⇒ Korean: 리라 (-rira)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 려〮 (-lyé)
- Korean: 랴 (-rya)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 료〮 (-lyó)
- Korean: 료 (-ryo)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮가〮 (-(ú)lqká)
- Korean: 을까 (-(eu)lkka)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮고〮 (-(ú)lqkwó)
- Korean: 을꼬 (-(eu)lkko)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮다〮 (-(ú)lqtá)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 을〮뎬〮 (-(ú)ltyéyn)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 을〮ᄉᆞ록〮 (-(ú)lsòlwók)
- Korean: 을수록 (-eulsurok)
See also
[edit]- 隱 (*-n, realis gerund)
Etymology 3
[edit]Particle
[edit]尸 (*-lq or *-q or *-s)
- A genitive case marker chiefly attested after honored animate nouns.
Usage notes
[edit]There is a strong argument that 尸 represents an allomorphic variant of the well-known genitive particle 叱 (*-s) rather than an independent genitive case marker. Middle Korean ㅭ (-lq) and Modern Korean ㄹ (-l) both have the effect of tensing a subsequent consonant. Tensing was also one of the major allomorphs of Middle Korean ㅅ (-s), see ㅅ#Alternative forms, and is virtually the sole effect of Modern Korean ㅅ (-s-). Therefore, Old Korean 尸 was most likely used to denote the tensing effect of 叱 (*-s).
This notion is further supported by the fact that Middle Korean ㅅ (-s) is the regular reflex of 尸. For instance, Old Korean 尸中 (*qkuy, honorific dative marker) > Middle Korean ᄭᅴ (skuy, id.) > Modern Korean 께 (kke, id.)
References
[edit]- 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549
- 장윤희 (Jang Yun-hui) (2011) “석독구결의 속격 "시(尸)"의 문제 해결을 위하여 [seokdokgugyeorui sokgyeok -siui munje haegyeoreul wihayeo, For a solution to the problem of genitive 尸 in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 117–144
- Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72
- 이병기 (Yi Byeong-gi) (2019) “고대국어 동명사 어미의 문법적 특징과 과제 [godaegugeo dongmyeongsa eomiui munbeopjeok teukjinggwa gwaje, The grammatical features of Old Korean verbal nominalizers and further tasks for research]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, , pages 89–125
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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