人民
Chinese
man; person; people | the people; nationality; citizen | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (人民) |
人 | 民 | |
anagram | 民人 |
Etymology
Attestable in pre-Qin texts. Modern sense Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 人民 (jinmin, “the people”), which was in turn a semantic readaptation of Chinese 人民 (rénmín, “common people”).
Pronunciation
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Noun
(deprecated template usage) 人民
- people (collectively, as members of society)
- 熱愛人民/热爱人民 ― rè'ài rénmín ― to love the people
- 人民民主專政/人民民主专政 ― rénmín mínzhǔ zhuānzhèng ― people's democratic dictatorship
- 孟子曰:「諸侯之寶三:土地、人民、政事。寶珠玉者,殃必及身。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 300 BC, 孟子 盡心下:74 (Mencius (book)); translation: 1861, James Legge, The Works of Mencius
- Mèngzǐ yuē: “Zhūhóu zhī bǎo sān: tǔdì, rénmín, zhèngshì. Bǎo zhūyù zhě, yāng bì jíshēn.” [Pinyin]
- Mencius said, 'The precious things of a prince are three: the territory, the people, the government and its business. If one value as most precious pearls and jade, calamity is sure to befall him.'
孟子曰:「诸侯之宝三:土地、人民、政事。宝珠玉者,殃必及身。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- humanity; humans (as a collective); humankind; the human race
Usage notes
人民 (rénmín) can only refer to people collectively, as a unit. To refer to people as individually countable persons, use 人 (rén). To refer to people in an otherwise general sense, use 人們/人们 (rénmen).
Synonyms
- (people):
- 一般人 (yībānrén)
- 世人 (shìrén)
- 世間人/世间人 (Hokkien)
- 人士 (rénshì) (literary)
- 人群 (rénqún)
- 人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
- 俗人 (súrén)
- 俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
- 𫣆人 (Hakka)
- 兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
- 公眾/公众 (gōngzhòng)
- 凡人 (fánrén)
- 凡夫 (fánfū) (literary)
- 匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
- 四眾人/四众人 (si3 zing3 nang5) (Teochew)
- 士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
- 大眾/大众 (dàzhòng)
- 子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
- 家人 (jiārén) (archaic)
- 布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
- 常人 (chángrén)
- 平人 (píngrén) (literary)
- 平常人 (píngchángrén)
- 平民 (píngmín)
- 庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
- 庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
- 斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
- 普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
- 民人 (mínrén) (literary)
- 民眾/民众 (mínzhòng)
- 烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
- 白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
- 白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
- 白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
- 白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
- 百姓
- 眾人/众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
- 萬姓/万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)
- 群眾/群众 (qúnzhòng)
- 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
- 良人 (liángrén) (literary)
- 草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
- 草菅 (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative)
- 草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
- 萌 (literary)
- 野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
- 黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
- 黎民 (límín) (literary)
- 黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
- 黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)
- 黔黎 (archaic)
Derived terms
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Descendants
- → Manchu: ᠨᡳᠶ᠋ᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ (niyalma irgen) (calque) - → Zhuang: yinzminz
See also
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
人 | 民 |
じん Grade: 1 |
みん Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese compound 人民 (MC nyin mjin). Compare modern Mandarin 人民 (rénmín), Wu 人民 (zen min (T3)), Min Nan 人民 (jîn-bîn).
Formerly pronounced with a consistent 呉音 (goon) reading of ninmin, later changing to a mixed 漢音 (kan'on) / 呉音 (goon) reading of jinmin.[1][2]
Pronunciation
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Noun
Synonyms
- (people of a nation): 国民 (kokumin)
Derived terms
- 人民委員 (jinmin īn): commissar (of the former Soviet Union)
- 人民委員会 (jinmin īnkai): commissariat (of the former Soviet Union)
- 人民解放軍 (Jinmin Kaihō Gun): the People's Liberation Army (PLA) (of China)
- 人民憲章 (Jinmin Kenshō): the People's Charter (as established in 1838 in the UK)
- 人民公社 (jinmin kōsha): a people's commune (in China)
- 人民裁判 (jinmin saiban): a people's court
- 人民主義 (jinmin shugi): populism
- 人民主権 (jinmin shuken): popular sovereignty, the idea that sovereignty resides in the people
- 人民戦線 (jinmin sensen): a popular front (as in the name of a group or organization)
- 人民大会堂 (Jinmin Dai Kaidō): the Great Hall of the People (in Beijing)
- 人民投票 (jinmin tōhyō): a national referendum, a vote by the people of a nation
- 人民日報 (Jinmin Nippō): the People's Daily, the state media of Beijing
- 人民服 (jinmin fuku): the “people's clothes” → a Mao suit
- 人民民主主義 (jinmin minshushugi): people's democracy
Descendants
References
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
人 | 民 |
Hanja
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
人 | 民 |
Noun
人民
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Wasei kango
- Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese
- Chinese semantic loans from Japanese
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Collectives
- zh:People
- Japanese terms spelled with 人 read as じん
- Japanese terms spelled with 民 read as みん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán