員

See also: 员 and 貝

Translingual

Han character

員 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 口月山金 (RBUC), four-corner 6080₆, composition ⿱口貝)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 189, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3633
• Dae Jaweon: page 409, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 628, character 6
• Unihan data for U+54E1

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Chinese

trad.		員
simp.		员
alternative forms		𪔅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 員
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (員) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
員	*ɢon, *ɢun
圓	*ɢon
塤	*qʰon
損	*sqʰuːnʔ
縜	*ɢun
隕	*ɢunʔ
殞	*ɢunʔ
溳	*ɢunʔ, *ɢun
磒	*ɢunʔ
霣	*ɢunʔ
愪	*ɢunʔ, *ɢun
勛	*qʰun
鄖	*ɢun
篔	*ɢun
貟	*ɢun, *ɢuns
韻	*ɢʷɯns

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a 〇 indicating the top edge of a 鼎 (“ding”) - round.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): îⁿ / oân / goân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): uêng⁵ / uang⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yoe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
    • Wade–Giles: yüan²
    • Yale: ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
    • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyun⁴
    • Yale: yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ienˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ianˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: îⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: înn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: vii
    • IPA (Taipei): /ĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ĩ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
    • Tâi-lô: uân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /uan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
    • Tâi-lô: guân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴/

Note:

• îⁿ - vernacular;
• oân, goân - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: uêng⁵ / uang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uêng / uâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ueŋ⁵⁵/, /uaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• uêng5 - Chaozhou;
• uang5 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶yoe
    • MiniDict: yoe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhyoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyø²³/

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• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷ<r>en/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢon/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	員
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwen ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷ<r>en/
English	circle; round
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	員
Reading #	1/2
No.	16199
Phonetic component	員
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	貟
Old Chinese	/*ɢon/
Notes	甲金文象鼎口爲圓初文

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 員

1. member
2. personnel; staff member
3. ^† Original form of 圓／圆 (yuán, “circle; round”).

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yún (yun²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁴
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ung⁵
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yun

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yún
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yún
    • Wade–Giles: yün²
    • Yale: yún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yun
    • Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wan⁴
    • Yale: wàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ung⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ûng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶yun
    • MiniDict: yuin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhyn
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyn²³/

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• Middle Chinese: hjun

Rime
Character	員
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	王分切
Baxter	hjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiun/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦun/
Li Rong	/ɣiuən/
Wang Li	/ɣĭuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	員
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yún
Middle Chinese	‹ hjun ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷə[n]/
English	(a particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	員
Reading #	2/2
No.	16215
Phonetic component	員
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	雲
Old Chinese	/*ɢun/
Notes	貟字注説文作員

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 員

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yùn (yun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ung⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yùn
    • Wade–Giles: yün⁴
    • Yale: yùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn
    • Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wan⁶
    • Yale: wahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ung⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uŋ³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 員

1. a surname

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

員

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: うん (un); えん (en)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
• Kan-on: いん (in, Jōyō)^{←ゐん (win, historical)}; えん (en)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
• Kun: かず (kazu, 員); いな (ina)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
員
いん Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 員 (MC hjun).

Noun

員(いん) • (in) ^{←ゐん (win)?}

1. (literary) member

Derived terms

• 員(いん)に備(そな)わるのみ (in ni sonawaru nomi)

Suffix

員(いん) • (-in) ^{←ゐん (win)?}

1. member

   公(こう)務(む)員(いん) ― kōmuin ― public sector workers, civil servants

Affix

員(いん) • (in) ^{←ゐん (win)?}

1. member

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 員(いん)外(がい) (ingai)
• 員(いん)数(ず) (inzu), 員(いん)数(ずう) (inzū), 員(いん)数(じゅ) (inju)
• 委(い)員(いん) (īn)
• 委(い)員(いん)会(かい) (īnkai)
• 委(い)員(いん)長(ちょう) (īnchō)
• 学(がく)芸(げい)員(いん) (gakugeīn)
• 議(ぎ)員(いん) (gīn)
• 人(じん)員(いん) (jin'in)
• 党(とう)員(いん) (tōin)
• 定(てい)員(いん) (teīn)
• 役(やく)員(いん) (yakuin)

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Korean

Hanja

員 • (won) (hangeul 원)

1. person, personnel, employee, member

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 員 (viên, von)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.