熱

See also: 热 and 熟

Translingual

Han character

熱 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土戈火 (GIF), four-corner 4533₁, composition ⿱埶灬)

Derived characters

• 𪷴, 𢤢, 爇(𦶟)

Related characters

• 热 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 681, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19360
• Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2230, character 10
• Unihan data for U+71B1

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Chinese

trad.		熱
simp.		热
alternative forms		𤍠 𤉟 𤋩 𤎮 𪌌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
褹	*ŋr'eːds, *ŋeds
勢	*hŋjeds
藝	*ŋeds
囈	*ŋeds
埶	*ŋeds
蓺	*ŋeds
槸	*ŋeds
爇	*ŋʷjed
褻	*sŋed
暬	*sŋed
熱	*ŋjed
槷	*ŋeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjed) : phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers this a *-t derivation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwe (“warm”) (with initial *n- ~ ŋ- vacillation), whence also Burmese နွေး (nwe:, “warm; lukewarm”) and နွှေး (hnwe:, “to warm something; to revise”).

Often considered to be related to 爇 (OC *ŋʷjed, “to burn; to toast”) and 焫 (OC *njod, “hot”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rè (re⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jit⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngie̍t / ngia̍t

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiad⁶

• Eastern Min (BUC): iĕk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t / jia̍t / loa̍h / joa̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): riêg⁸ / riag⁸ / ruah⁸

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁸gniq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rè
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rè
    • Wade–Giles: jê⁴
    • Yale: rè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reh
    • Palladius: жэ (žɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jit⁶
    • Yale: yiht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jit⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yid⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngie̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngied
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯et̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngia̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯at̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋiat̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liat
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛt̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liɛt̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: jia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiat
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɛt̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loa̍h
    • Tâi-lô: lua̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loah
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /luaʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /luaʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: joa̍h
    • Tâi-lô: jua̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: joah
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zuaʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zuaʔ¹²¹/

Note:

• lia̍t/jia̍t - literary;
• loa̍h/joa̍h - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: riêg⁸ / riag⁸ / ruah⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jie̍k / jia̍k / jua̍h
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziek̚⁴/, /d͡ziak̚⁴/, /d͡zuaʔ⁴/

Note:

• riêg8/riag8 - literary (riêg8 - Chaozhou);
• ruah8 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁸gniq
    • MiniDict: nyih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵nyiq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiɪʔ¹²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 熱
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʐɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/iɤ⁵³/ /ʐɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʐə²¹/
	Qingdao	/iə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐʐ̩ɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʐɤ²¹/
	Xining	/ʐɛ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʐə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ze³¹/
	Guiyang	/zɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐə³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʐɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ʐʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ʐaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩ʷəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵi²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ne²²/
	Tunxi	/ȵia¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ye²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiat̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/ŋiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jit̚²/
	Nanning	/jit̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jit̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liat̚⁵/ /luaʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iɛ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ziak̚⁵/ /zuaʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zit̚³/ /zua³³/

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• Middle Chinese: nyet

Rime
Character	熱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	薛 (81)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如列切
Baxter	nyet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiat̚/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jit6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋjed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	熱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rè
Middle Chinese	‹ nyet ›
Old Chinese	/*C.nat/ (or *C.ŋet?)
English	hot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熱
Reading #	1/1
No.	15099
Phonetic component	埶
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	熱
Old Chinese	/*ŋjed/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 熱

1. hot; heated; having a high temperature

   今天很熱。／今天很热。  ―  Jīntiān hěn rè.  ―  It is quite hot today.

   啲湯仲好熱，小心啲啦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   啲汤仲好热，小心啲啦。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   di¹ tong¹ zung⁶ hou² jit⁶, siu² sam¹ di¹ laa¹. [Jyutping]

   The soup's still hot; be careful.

2. to heat up; to warm up
3. heat; hotness; warmness; high temperature
4. hot weather; summer heat
5. kind; amiable; fervent; close and dear
6. feverish; to have a fever
7. fever; febrility; pyrexia
8. zeal; fondness; enthusiasm; trend
9. popular; fashionable; in vogue
10. flourishing; thriving; prosperous
11. worried; anxious; distraught
12. fervently; passionately; enthusiastically; very
13. a surname
14. angry

Synonyms

• (hot):

(deprecated template usage)

• 暑 (shǔ) (chiefly of weather, used in compounds)
• 暑熱／暑热 (shǔrè) (of weather)
• 火熱／火热 (huǒrè) (burning hot)
• 灼熱／灼热 (zhuórè) (burning hot)
• 炎熱／炎热 (yánrè) (of weather)
• 熱和／热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial, nice and warm)
• 熱火／热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial, nice and warm)
• 熾烈／炽烈 (chìliè) (burning fiercely)
• 熾熱／炽热 (chìrè) (burning hot)
• 酷暑 (kùshǔ) (of weather)
• 酷熱／酷热 (kùrè) (of weather)

 

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

熱

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. heat
2. temperature
3. fever
4. mania
5. passion

Readings

• Go-on: ねつ (netsu, Jōyō); ねち (nechi)
• Kan-on: ぜつ (zetsu)
• Kun: あつい (atsui, 熱い, Jōyō); いきる (ikiru, 熱る); ほてる (hoteru, 熱る); ほとぼり (hotobori, 熱)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 熱愛
• 熱意
• 熱気
• 熱い
• 熱狂
• 熱血
• 熱戦
• 熱帯
• 熱中
• 熱風
• 熱量
• 熱烈
• 灼熱
• 熱する
• 熱(あつ)燗(かん) (atsukan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
熱
ねつ Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 熱 (MC nyet).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ねつ​ [nètsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ne̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

熱(ねつ) • (netsu) 

1. fever

   物(もの)凄(すご)い熱(ねつ)を出(だ)す

   monosugoi netsu o dasu

   to come down with a terrible fever

2. (physics) heat

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Korean

Hanja

熱 • (yeol) (hangeul 열, McCune–Reischauer yŏl, Yale yel)

1. fever
2. heat

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 熱 (nhiệt, nhét, nhẹt)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.