除

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

除 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人一木 (NLOMD), four-corner 7829₄, composition ⿰⻖余)

Derived characters

• 𪡷, 𢲢, 滁, 𮔲, 蒢, 㾻, 篨, 𭏚, 𢡣

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1352, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41669
• Dae Jaweon: page 1854, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4132, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9664

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		除

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 除
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
斜	*lja, *laː
茶	*rlaː
荼	*rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌	*rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽	*rlaː
塗	*rlaː, *l'aː
佘	*ɦlja
賒	*hljaː
畬	*hljaː, *la
舍	*hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨	*hljaːʔ
騇	*hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻	*hljaːs
稌	*l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇	*l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩	*l̥ʰaː
捈	*l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途	*l'aː
酴	*l'aː
駼	*l'aː
鵌	*l'aː, *la
涂	*l'aː, *l'a
嵞	*l'aː
峹	*l'aː
筡	*l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤	*l'aː
徐	*lja
俆	*lja
敘	*ljaʔ
漵	*ljaʔ
除	*l'a, *l'as
篨	*rla
滁	*rla
蒢	*rla
蜍	*ɦlja, *la
鵨	*hljaː
瑹	*hlja
余	*la
餘	*la
艅	*la
狳	*la
雓	*la
悆	*las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'a, *l'as) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chú (chu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ceoi⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): cui³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tîr / tû / tî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): de⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chú
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chú
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu²
    • Yale: chú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
    • Palladius: чу (ču)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ceoi⁴
    • Yale: chèuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: cui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhù
    • Hakka Romanization System: cu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cu²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tîr
    • Tâi-lô: tîr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɯ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tû
    • Tâi-lô: tû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: duu
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Philippines): /tu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî
    • Tâi-lô: tî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: de⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̂
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɯ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: drjo

Rime
Character	除
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直魚切
Baxter	drjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ȡiɔ/
Wang Li	/ȡĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]<r>a/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'a/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	除
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chú
Middle Chinese	‹ drjo ›
Old Chinese	/*[l]<r>a/
English	remove; get rid of
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	除
Reading #	1/2
No.	15788
Phonetic component	余
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	除
Old Chinese	/*l'a/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 除

1. to remove; to get rid of
2. to exclude
3. (archaic) to be assigned to a new post; to stop serving in one post, and begin serving in another
4. except
5. (mathematics) to divide; division

Usage notes

• A除以B means "A divided by B". A除B means "B divided by A", but in colloquial speech is the same as A除以B.
  • 除 is a transitive verb, and A除B is understood as 用A除B or 以A除B (literally "to divide B by A"), the latter of which is attested in Literary Chinese and likely gave rise to 除以 (chúyǐ). This contrasts with 減／减 (jiǎn), which is an intransitive verb and A減B means "A decreases by B", i.e. "A minus B".

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhù, chú (zhu⁴, chu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ, ㄔㄨˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
    • Wade–Giles: chu⁴
    • Yale: jù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chú
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chú
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu²
    • Yale: chú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
    • Palladius: чу (ču)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: drjoH

Rime
Character	除
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	遟倨切
Baxter	drjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨʌH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɔH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɔH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨə̆H/
Li Rong	/ȡiɔH/
Wang Li	/ȡĭoH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯woH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lra-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'as/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	除
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhù
Middle Chinese	‹ drjoH ›
Old Chinese	/*lra-s/
English	pass away
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	除
Reading #	2/2
No.	15793
Phonetic component	余
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	箸
Old Chinese	/*l'as/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 除

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

除

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. remove
2. except
3. (mathematics) divide

Readings

• Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: じ (ji, Jōyō ^†)^{←ぢ (di, historical)}
• Kun: のぞく (nozoku, 除く, Jōyō); はらう (harau, 除う); わる (waru, 除る)

Compounds

• remove
  • 解(かい)除(じょ) (kaijo): cancel
  • 掃(そう)除(じ) (sōji): clean, sweep up
  • 駆(く)除(じょ) (kujo): eradicate
  • 削(さく)除(じょ) (sakujo): delete
• except
  • 除(じょ)外(がい) (jogai): except
  • 免(めん)除(じょ) (menjo): exempt
• divide
  • 除(じょ)数(すう) (josū): divisor
  • 整(せい)除(じょ) (seijo): divide without remainder

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Korean

Hanja

除 • (je)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 제 (revised: je, McCune–Reischauer: che, Yale: cey)
  • Name (hangeul): 덜
    

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

除: Hán Việt readings: trừ
除: Nôm readings: chừa, chừ, chờ, giờ, trừ, dờ, hờ, khừ, xờ, thờ, dơ

1. chữ Hán form of trừ (“to eliminate; to exclude”).
2. Nôm form of chừa.