久
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Translingual
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Han character
[edit]久 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓人 (NO) or 難弓人 (XNO), four-corner 27800, composition ⿸𠂊㇏)
Derived characters
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- く (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
- ク (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)
- 𛀫 (Hentaigana)
- 𛀬 (Hentaigana)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 81, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 118
- Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 33, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E45
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
久 | |
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alternative forms | 乆 𫝄 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 久 |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Used interchangeably with 氒 in oracle bone script. Likely a pictogram (象形) of an arrow tip.
Etymology
[edit]Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Bantawa [script needed] (kʰokpa, “old man”) (Sagart, 2017d), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kwak (“old”).
舊 (OC *N-kʷəʔ-s) may be a derivative (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). See there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiu3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jiu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jiou2
- Northern Min (KCR): giǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gū / giēu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5cieu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jiou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒu
- Wade–Giles: chiu3
- Yale: jyǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeou
- Palladius: цзю (czju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gau2
- Yale: gáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: gau2
- Guangdong Romanization: geo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: giu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jiu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiú
- Hakka Romanization System: giuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: giu3
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯u³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jiou2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gū / giēu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku³³/, /kieu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- gū - vernacular;
- giēu - literary.
Note:
- kú - vernacular;
- kiú - literary.
- Middle Chinese: kjuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷlɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]久
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 久 (“long (time)”) [map]
Compounds
[edit]- 一勞久逸/一劳久逸
- 不久 (bùjiǔ)
- 不多久
- 久久 (jiǔjiǔ)
- 久之 (jiǔzhī)
- 久仰 (jiǔyǎng)
- 久仰大名 (jiǔyǎngdàmíng)
- 久仰山斗
- 久候
- 久假不歸/久假不归 (jiǔjiǎbùguī)
- 久停久住
- 久別/久别 (jiǔbié)
- 久別相逢/久别相逢
- 久別重逢/久别重逢
- 久合垸 (Jiǔhéyuàn)
- 久坐 (jiǔzuò)
- 久夢初醒/久梦初醒
- 久安長治/久安长治 (jiǔ'ānchángzhì)
- 久客
- 久居 (jiǔjū)
- 久待 (jiǔdài)
- 久慣牢成/久惯牢成
- 久慣老成/久惯老成
- 久戀/久恋 (jiǔliàn)
- 久旱不雨 (jiǔhànbùyǔ)
- 久有存心
- 久留 (jiǔliú)
- 久病成醫/久病成医 (jiǔbìngchéngyī)
- 久矣
- 久視/久视
- 久立 (jiǔlì)
- 久等 (jiǔděng)
- 久而久之 (jiǔ'érjiǔzhī)
- 久聞大名/久闻大名 (jiǔwéndàmíng)
- 久要 (jiǔyāo)
- 久見/久见 (kiú-kian)
- 久違/久违 (jiǔwéi)
- 久違顏範/久违颜范
- 久遠/久远 (jiǔyuǎn)
- 久錮/久锢
- 久長/久长 (jiǔcháng)
- 久闊/久阔 (jiǔkuò)
- 久音
- 保久乳
- 偌久 (gōa-kú)
- 地久天長/地久天长 (dìjiǔtiāncháng)
- 壙久/圹久
- 多久 (duōjiǔ)
- 天長地久/天长地久 (tiānchángdìjiǔ)
- 天長日久/天长日久 (tiānchángrìjiǔ)
- 好久 (hǎojiǔ)
- 常久 (chángjiǔ)
- 年久失修 (niánjiǔshīxiū)
- 年深日久
- 年深月久
- 恆久/恒久 (héngjiǔ)
- 恆久不渝/恒久不渝
- 悠久 (yōujiǔ)
- 持久 (chíjiǔ)
- 持久之計/持久之计
- 持久戰/持久战 (chíjiǔzhàn)
- 日久天長/日久天长
- 日久年深
- 日久彌新/日久弥新
- 日久月深
- 日久歲深/日久岁深
- 日久玩生
- 日久生情 (rìjiǔshēngqíng)
- 日長歲久/日长岁久
- 曠久/旷久
- 曠日引久/旷日引久
- 曠日彌久/旷日弥久
- 曠日持久/旷日持久 (kuàngrìchíjiǔ)
- 曠日經久/旷日经久
- 曠日長久/旷日长久
- 歷久/历久 (lìjiǔ)
- 歷久不衰/历久不衰 (lìjiǔbùshuāi)
- 歷久彌新/历久弥新 (lìjiǔmíxīn)
- 歷日曠久/历日旷久
- 永久 (yǒngjiǔ)
- 永久磁鐵/永久磁铁
- 永久齒/永久齿
- 牢成久慣/牢成久惯
- 積久/积久
- 積久弊生/积久弊生
- 終久/终久 (zhōngjiǔ)
- 經久/经久 (jīngjiǔ)
- 經久不息/经久不息 (jīngjiǔbùxī)
- 耐久 (nàijiǔ)
- 耐久品
- 耐久朋
- 耐久財/耐久财
- 良久 (liángjiǔ)
- 訂久要/订久要 (dìngjiǔyāo)
- 許久/许久 (xǔjiǔ)
- 迂久
- 長久/长久 (chángjiǔ)
- 長久之計/长久之计
- 長治久安/长治久安 (chángzhìjiǔ'ān)
- 長生久視/长生久视
- 雨久花
- 頃久/顷久
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]久
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō †)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)←きう (kiu, historical)
- Kun: ひさしい (hisashii, 久しい, Jōyō)
- Nanori: きゅ (kyu); わ (wa); なが (naga); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi)
Compounds
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Han character
[edit]久: Hán Việt readings: cửu (
久: Nôm readings: cửu[4]
References
[edit]Zhuang
[edit]Noun
[edit]久
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading きう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ひさ・しい
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading きゅ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading わ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なが
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