Appendix:Proto-Afroasiatic reconstructions

The following sections cover Proto-Afroasiatic reconstructions is from Ehret (1995).

Nominal Suffixation

About the Nominal Suffixation in PAA: In Proto-Afroasiatic (PAA), nominal suffixation refers to adding short endings to a word stem to create new nouns or to mark grammatical features. Christopher Ehret comparison of the Afroasiatic daughter languages shows that PAA made wide use of these suffixes. They could:

• Mark gender, especially feminine forms (often with a ‑t ending).

• Indicate number, such as singular, plural, or collective.

• Form derived nouns from verb stems or other nouns, adding meanings like “person who does X” or “place of X.”

Many of these suffixes have clear reflexes in later branches — for example, the feminine ‑t appears in Semitic, Egyptian, Berber, and Cushitic languages. Over time, some suffixes merged, changed sound, or took on new functions, but their shared patterns across branches point to a common origin in PAA.

In short: PAA nouns were often built or modified by adding suffixes, and these endings left a clear trail in the descendant languages.

No.	Morpheme	Alternate Form	Gloss
1	*w	(*-aw-)	deverbative complement and result suffix
2	*y	(*-ay-, *-iy-)	attributive deverbative and attributive noun suffix
2a.	*y	(*-ay-, *-iy-)	adjective-forming suffix
3	*t		associative noun suffix
4	*t		adjective suffix
5	*m		attributive noun suffix
5a.	*m		adjective-forming suffix
6	*n		attributive (?) noun suffix
6a.	*n		adjective suffix
7	*l		attributive and complement deverbative suffix
7a.	*l		adjective suffix
8	*r		instrument and complement deverbative suffix
9	*r		adjective suffix
10	*b		animate noun and deverbative noun suffix
11	*s		deverbative complement suffix
12	*ŋ		attributive noun suffix
13	*ʔ		adjective deverbative suffix
14	*a-		attributive deverbative prefix
14a.	*i-		attributive deverbative prefix
15	-		noun derivation from verb by stem-vowel lengthening

Derivational Morphology and Verb Extensions

About the Derivational Morphology and Verb Extensions: In Proto-Afroasiatic (PAA), derivational morphology refers to ways of creating new word forms by adding extra elements to a root. For verbs, this often took the form of verb extensions — short endings or changes to the stem that adjusted the meaning or grammatical role of the verb.

These extensions could:

• Change the valence of the verb, such as making it causative (“cause to do”), applicative (“do for/with someone”), or reciprocal (“do to each other”).

• Alter the direction or aspect of the action, like marking repeated action, reversal, or movement toward/away from a point.

• Create related verbs with more specific meanings from a single root.

Christopher Ehret shows that many of these extensions have clear reflexes in later Afroasiatic branches — for example, similar causative or reciprocal endings appear in Semitic, Berber, Cushitic, and Chadic languages. By comparing these patterns, he reconstructs a set of common derivational processes in PAA, revealing that the ancestral language had a rich system for modifying verb meaning through predictable, reusable patterns.

In short: PAA verbs could be systematically reshaped with endings or stem changes to fine‑tune meaning, and these patterns still echo across its descendant languages.

^* proto‑Proto‑Semitic

No.	Proto‑Afroasiatic	Function	pPS*	Egyptian	Proto‑Cushitic	Proto‑Chadic	Proto‑Omotic	Notes
1	*dl	middle voice	*ḍ	ḏ	*dl	*ɮ	*d’
2	*h	amplificative	*h	h	*h
3	*w	inchoative/denominative (> durative)	*w	w	*-Vw-	*-aw-	*w
4	*y	inchoative/denominative (> durative)	*y	i	*-ey-, *-ay-	*-iy-, *-ay-
5	*ɣʷ	complementive	*ɣ	ḫ	*ɣʷ		*x₁ (?)
6	*kʷ’	andative	*ḳ	ḳ
7	*ʕ	partive (> andative)	*ʕ	Ꜥ	*ʕ
8	*ɬ	venitive	*ɬ	š	*ɬ
9	*tl’	focative	*ṣ	ṯ	*tl ([tl’])
10	*c [ts]	diffusive	*ṯ [θ]	s		*s
11	*r	diffusive	*r	Ꜣ	*r	*r	*r
12	*kʷ	finitive	*k	k	*kʷ
13	*l	finitive	*l	r	*l	*l		(> fortative in Eg.)
14	*p’	finitive fortative	*b	p		*ɓ	*p’
15	*g	finitive fortative	*g	p	*g
16	*š	non-finitive	*c	s		*s
17	*n	non-finitive	*n	n	*n	*n
18	*b	extendative (> stative)	*b	b	*b	*b	*b (?)
19	*c’ [tsʼ]	extendative	*ṯ̣ [θʼ]	s	*c’	*s’ (?)
20	*f	iterative	*p	f	*f	*f (?)	*p
21	*ḥ	iterative	*ḥ	ḥ	*ḥ
22	*gʷ	durative	*g	g (?)	*gʷ
23	*k	durative	*k	k	*k	*k	*k
24	*d	durative (> stative)	*d	d		*d	*d
25	*t	durative (> intransitive)	*t	t	*t	*t	*t
26	*ʔ	concisive	*ʔ	Ꜣ	*ʔ		*ʔ
27	*x	precipitive	*x	ḫ	*x	x (?)
28	*p	intensive (of manner)	*p	p	*p
29	*z	intensive (of manner)	*z	z (> s)	*z	*d
30	*ɣ	intensive (of effect)	*ɣ	ḫ	*ɣ (?)	*ɣ (?)	*x1 (?)
31	*k’	intensive (of effect)	*ḳ	ḳ/q	*k’	*k’
32	*t’	durative intensive	*ṭ	s (?)			*ts’
33	*s’, *s?	fortative	*s	s	*ts’	*s’ (?)
34	*m	extendative (?)	*m	m	*m (*‑am‑ ?)	*m	*m	(> stative in Cushitic)
35	*dz	extendative fortative	*ḏ [ð]	z (> s)		*z
36	*xʷ	extendative fortative	*x	ḫ	*xʷ
37	*s	causative	*s	s	*s	*s (s₃ ?)	*s
38	*-u-	transitive infix
39	*in-	concomitive prefix

Laterals

About the laterals and *r: In Proto-Afroasiatic (PAA), the laterals are sounds made with the tongue touching the side of the mouth — similar to the l in English — and r is the reconstructed rhotic sound. Christopher Ehret comparison of Afroasiatic daughter languages shows that PAA likely had more than one lateral consonant, not just a single l-type sound. These laterals developed differently in each branch:

• In some languages they stayed as l-like sounds.
• In others they shifted to r, d, or even merged with other consonants.

The rhotic r in PAA was a separate sound from the laterals, but in certain branches the two merged over time. By tracing these changes across Semitic, Egyptian, Berber, Cushitic, Chadic, and Omotic, Ehret reconstructs which laterals and r forms were present in the ancestral language, and how regular sound shifts account for their modern reflexes.

In short: PAA had a richer set of “l‑family” sounds than most of its descendants show today, and careful comparison of reflexes reveals both the original inventory and the pathways of change.

No.	Proto-Afroasiatic	English Gloss	Notes
1	*bǔ	place
2	*ba	not be there
3	*bôf-, *bôp-	upper chest
4	*-boɣ-	to hit
5	*-bâh-	to go secretively
6	*-bâḥ-	to strike with a blade or point
7	*baaḥ-	voice
8	*-boḥ-	to go away
9	*-bôoḥ-	to flow
10	*b-j(r)-	seed
11	*-bâk-	to burn, shine; to dawn	(Sem., Eg. innovation: n. 'morning' by addition of *r n. suff.)
12	*-bǒkʷ-	to leak, seep, run out
13	*-bâl-	to wet
14	*-bâl-	to move (intr.)
15	*-bel-	to break (tr.)
16	*biil-	tip
17	*bǔɬ-	skin
18	*-bîn-, *-bân-	to beget
19	*-bǐn-	to build, create; house
20	*-bâr-	to leak, seep; bleed	(additional Cushitic alternants *-bîr- and *-bûr-)
21	*-bêr-	to hold
22	*-bir-	to burn brightly
23	*-bǐrk’-, *-bǎrk’-	to flash	(root #22 + *k’ intens. of effect)
24	*bǎs’-	to start off, begin
25	*biš-	skin
25	*bǐšr-	hull, shell	(stem + *r n. suff.; SC semantics: early beads were made of shell)
26	*-bǎat’-	to be in front, go in front
27	*-batl’-	to move away, move apart
28	*-bĕets-, *-bǒots-	bright, lit up
29	*-box-	to swell
30	*-boox-	to cut into, dig into (with sharp tool)
31	*-bĕxʷ-, *-bǒxʷ-	to spill out in drops, sprinkle
32	*bāayn-	grindstone
33	*-beez-	to emerge; reveal
34	*-baʔ-	to be ruined
35	*-biʔ-	to go
36	*-bûʔ-	to flow
37	*-baʕ-	to increase
38	*-baʕ-	to sit
39	*-bǎaʕ-	to flow heavily; to defecate
40	*-buʕ-	to pick, pluck
41	*-pac-, *-pats-	to scatter (intr.)
42	*-pâḥ-, *-pêḥ-	to take into the mouth
43	*-pǎḥ-, *-pĕḥ-	to break off
44	*-pêel-	to take out, take away
45	*-pil-, *-piil-	to drive, chase
46	*-piɬ-	to split apart, lay open
47	*pand-	peak
48	*-pǎŋʷ-	to clear away, remove, empty out
49	*-pǔnc’-	to pluck out, pull out	(root of #48 + *c’ extend.; *u < *i /#-p_ŋʷC-#?)
50	*-pār-, *-pīr-	to separate (intr.)
50	*-pur-	to take apart	(intr. stem + *-u- tr. infix)
51	*-pîr-	to fly
52	*-poor-, *-pur-	to speak
53	*-pas’-, *-pac-, *-pats-	to light up
54	*-pooš-	to be worn out, disabled
55	*-put-	to step along
56	*-patl’-, *-paatl’-	to separate (intr.)
57	*-pax-	to bend
58	*-pax-, *-paax-	to scrape off, scrape out
59	*piiz-	limb	(Berber, Eg. innovation: 'knee'; Berber *afud < *puuz)
60	*-pǎʔ-, *-pǔʔ-	to spit out, make spurt
61	*-pâʔr-	to dig up
62	*-piiʔ-	to turn round (intr.)
63	*-piʕ-, *-puʕ-	to be raised, stick up
64	*-pûʕ-	to spill out (intr.)
65	*âf-	mouth
66	*-fi-	to go out
67	*-fic’-	to scrape
68	*-fiic’-	to press out fluid
69	*-fad-	to draw out, pull out
70	*-fug-	to drain out
71	*-fôɣ-	to spread apart (intr.)
72	*-fǒɣ-, *-fǔɣ-	to east off, cast out
73	*-fuɣ-	to inhale
74	*-faah-	to flow out
75	*-fâaḥ-	to blow (with the mouth)
76	*-fiiḥ	to penetrate
77	*-fâk-	to be finished, come to an end, be used up
78	*-faak’-	to break off, cut apart
79	*-fuk’-, *-fuuk’-	to be wise, intelligent
80	*-fǎl-, *-fǔl-	to accomplish
81	*-fǐl-	to cut hole or cavity in
82	*-feŋ-	to set apart, move apart (tr.)
83	*-fôoŋ-, *-fôon-	to be frail
84	*-fǎr-	to call out
85	*-fir-	to flower, bear fruit
86	*-foor-	to defeat, be victorious over
87	*-f-s-	to take apart	(root #66 + *s caus.?)
88	*-fât’-	to excrete
89	*-feet’-, *-foot’-	to separate (tr.)
90	*-fit’-	to scrape repeatedly
91	*-fox-, *-foxʷ-	hole, breach
92	*-fayt-	to remove, take off
93	*fâzw-	four	(stem + *w n. suff.)
93	*ifz-	having four parts	(*i- attrib. pref. + stem)
94	*-fǐz-	to swell, rise up
95	*-feeʔ-	pick up
96	*-fîʔ, *-fâʔ-	to smell
97	*-fūʔ-	to grow, become large
98	*-fiiʕ-	to make, do
99	*-fuuʕ-	to stop up, close up hole
100	*-p’ac’-	to cut off
101	*-p’ûc’-	to increase (intr.)	(Sem., Cush. innovation: 'increase' > 'grow fat, thicken')
102	*-p’âd-	to increase (in size)
103	*-p’ad-, *-p’id-	to become lost, useless, nonfunctioning
104	*-p’ǎd-, *-p’-̌d-	to break off
105	*-p’oh-	to be wide
106	*p’ǐḥ-	flank
107	*-p’ǎk-	to break up (tr.)
108	*-p’ak’-, *-p’ik’-	to split (tr.)
109	*p’ul-	shell
110	*-p’aɬ-	to break by hitting
111	*-p’ûɬ-	to deceive
112	*-p’ǎar-	to twist (tr.), especially rope
113	*-p’ǔr-	to rend, split up
114	*-p’is’k’-	spit, saliva
115	*-p’îiz-	to bite
116	*-p’uʔ-, *-p’uuʔ-	to stop (intr.)
117	*-p’uʕ-	to cut into
118	*-d- (*ada ?)	here/there
119	*dâb-, *dîb-	back; to come or be behind
120	*dab(n)-	hair
121	*-dǎb-, *-dǐb-	to have honey
122	*-doob-	to stick up
123	*-dac-	to flow
124	*-dif-, *-daf-, *-duf-	to leak, seep, run
125	*-dug-	to obscure, block from view
126	*-dagʷ-	to walk about
127	*-dîɣ-	to take away
128	*-diɣʷ-	to tell
129	*-dâh-	to move (intr.)
130	*-dâḥ-	to strike
131	*-dĕeḥ-, *-dǒoḥ-	to lie flat, be low
132	*-dîk-	to pound
133	*dukʷ-, *duukʷ-	heap
134	*-dôk’-	to insert, stick into
135	*-duk-, *-dukʷ’-	to break to pieces by hitting
136	*-dîl-	to increase, grow large
137	*-dul-	to raise, put above	(#136 + *-u- tr. infix?)
138	*-duɬ-, *-diɬ-	to beat
139	*-dǎm-	to press together
140	*dîm-, *dâm-	blood
141	*-dîm-, *-dûm-	to leak out	(probable source of #140)
142	*-dûm-	to proclaim, speak forcefully
143	*dumn-	cloud	(root #141 + *n n. suff.; PC variant *damn-)
144	*danb-	hindquarters
145	*-dap-	to touch, feel, put the fingers on
146	*dup’-	lower back
147	*-dup’s-	to put behind	(#146 + *s caus. as deverb.)
148	*-dip’-, *-dup’-	to rise, swell
149	*-dâr-	to grasp, grip, carry in the hands
150	*-dǎr-	to enlarge, increase
151	*-dir-	to step
152	*-dǎas’-, *-dǔus’-	to put over, put on top of, cover over
153	*-daw-	to walk
154	*-dax-	to burn low, smolder
155	*-dax-	to cover up, conceal from view	(Ng. < alternate shape *-dix- or *-dux-)
156	*-dǔux-	to close, shut
157	*-dǎʕ-	to insert
158	*-daʕ-	to call
159	*-iit-	to eat	(Ch., Eg., Sem. innovation: *-VC- v. stems > *-CV-)
160	*-tâ-	to be hot
161	*-tǐb-, *-tǐib-	to rise, grow
162	*-tuf-	to spit
163	*-tǎɣ-	to perish, be extinguished
164	*-taɣ-, *-tuɣ-	to splash, splatter
165	*-tah-	to tap
166	*-taḥ-	to reach
167	*-tāk-, *-tūk-	to stick (in), prick
168	*-tĕk-, *-tǒk-	to tread
169	*-tǎkʷ-	to descend, go down
170	*-tikʷ-, *-takʷ-	to tight
171	*-tĕl-	to fall down
172	*-tǔul-	to rise; to form a heap, mound
173	*-tum-	to beat
174	*-tar-	to increase
175	*-tār-	to start off
176	*-tǎr-	to shake (intr.)
177	*-tǎar-	to cut into
178	*tĕr-, *tǒr-	earth
179	*tǐr-	liver
180	*-taʕ-	to become weak
181	*za	something (indefinite pron.)
182	*-zâb-	to grasp, take hold of
183	*-zab-	to call
184	*-zǎab-	to take
185	*-zaab-	to look
186	*-zaf-	to walk, travel
187	*-zif-	to break up (by hitting)
188	*-zag-, *-zaɣ-	to strike repeatedly
189	*-zǎgʷ-, *-zǐgʷ-	to stay in place, not move
190	*-zaɣ-	to move about quickly
191	*-zǒoɣ-	to move (tr.), make move, convey	(Eg., Sem. shared innovation: 'move, take' > 'take hold of')
192	*-zaaḥ-	to flow out
193	*-zâkʷ-	to turn (intr.)
194	*-zâk’-	to raise, make rise	(Cush., Ch., Eg., Sem. shared innovation: 'raise' > 'lift, pick up'; probable further Ch., Eg., Sem. innovation: 'lift' > 'carry'
195	*-zaak’-	to eat up
196	*-zǎl-	to cut (into, off)
197	*-zoɬ-, *-zooɬ-	to scrape (surface of)
198	*-zanf-	to seep out
199	*-zîn-	to lie still
200	*-zaŋ-, *-ziŋ-	to shine
201	*-zaŋ-	to watch, observe
202	*-zaar-	to move along
203	*-zots-, *-zoc-	to stick out, stick up, form a point
204	*-zaax-	to become drenched
205	*-zâʔ-, *-zâʕ-	to look at
206	*-zǎʕ-	to be held, be grasped
207	*-zâaʕ-	to flee
208	*-zaaʕ-	to rend, tear
209	*si, *isi	he/she/it (unmarked for gender)	(Eg., Sem., Cush, shared innovations: *su, *usu 'he'; *si, *isi 'she': see Chap. 6)
210	*su, *usu	they	(Eg., Sem., Cush. shared innovation: *ʔisin-/*ʔusun- 'they' (originally fem./masc.), #209 + Afroasiatic pl. in *n, as also in #323)
211	*-sǐf-, *-sûf-	to put together
212	*-saɣ-	to plait, weave
213	*-sǎk-, *-sǔk-	to walk
214	*-suk-	to stay
215	*-sǔk’-, *-sǎk’-	to excrete, secrete
216	*-s-̂kʷ’-	to rub	(possible V reconstructions: *a, *aa, *e, or *o)
217	*-sîl-	to pull off, draw off
218	*-sil-	to run out (of fluid)
219	*-sim-	to pay attention to, take note of	(Sem., Eg., Ch. innovation: added sense, 'to listen to')
220	*sǔm-, *sǐm-	name
221	*sǔm-	above, up; crown of head
222	*-sîn-, *-sûn-	to pour out
223	*sǐn-, *sǎn-	tip, point, projecting part	(Ch., Sem., Berber innovation: specialized meaning 'tooth'; but note presence of that meaning isolated in single Omotic language)
224	*-sǐiŋʷ-	to smell (tr.)
225	*-sap-	to come near	(innovation: Sem., Ch. 'to come so close as to brush against')
226	*-sap-, *-saap-	to hit repeatedly
227	*-sop-	to be(come) bent over
228	*-sar-	to cut
229	*sâr-	back
230	*sǎr-, *sǐr-	root
231	*saraar-, *siraar-	muscle, sinew
232	*-sǎt’-, *-sǔt’-	to bite into
233	*-sâx-	to scrape
234	*-sīx-, *-sīix-	to fall into ruin, become rubbish
235	*-sôx-	to run out (fluid)
236	*-sâaz-	to wait
237	*-siʔ-	to not want	(Eg., Sem. innovation: 'not want' > 'not need,' hence 'be sated')
238	*-soʔ-	to be still
239	*-sâʕ-	to do, accomplish
240	*-t’ab-, *-t’ib-	to shut
241	*-t’ib-	to perform ritual
242	*-t’ǒgʷ-	to burn (tr.)
243	*-t’ôɣ-	to rise
244	*-t’ôɣ-, *-t’ôɣʷ-	to be wet
245	*-t’êh-, *-t’êeh-	to approach
246	*-t’ih-, *-t’ah-	to burn up
247	*t’îḥ-	body hair
248	*-t’iḥ-	to gasp
249	*-t’ǐḥ-, *t’ǎḥ-	to understand, be knowledgeable
250	*-t’el-	to observe
251	*-t’îɬ-, *-t’ûɬ-	to glow
252	*-t’âp-	to rise
253	*-t’-p’-	to stamp
254	*t’eer-	long
255	*t’îr-	strand
256	*-t’ur-	to be dirty
257	*-t’as’-, *-t’is’-	to seep
258	*-t’aaw-	to look at
259	*-t’ay-, *-t’iy-	to be moist	(Eg., Sem. shared innovation: n. for 'clay')
260	*t’âyp’-	strand
261	*-t’eʔ-	to lack
262	*gâb-	great (especially in size but also in number)
263	*gâb-	top
264	*gub-, *gab-	trunk
265	*-gâd-, *-gûd-	to be big
266	*-gǎd-	to lower, put down
267	*-gaad-	to stay
268	*-giid-, *-guud-	to go around; put around
269	*-gǎdz-	to stretch out, extend (intr.)
270	*-gaf-	to oppose, give trouble
271	*-gâf-	to hold, take hold of
272	*-gûf-, *-gâf-	to go down
273	*-gûf-	to bend, turn (intr.)
274	*-geh-	to speak
275	*-guḥ-, *-giḥ-	to swell, rise, grow
276	*-gāl-	to show
277	*-gaal-	to be alight, be afire
278	*gam-	side of the head
279	*-gâm-, *gûm-	to break off, tear off
280	*-gim-	to come upon, meet up with
281	*-gǎŋ-, *-gǐŋ-	to grow, grow up, mature	(Ch., Eg., Sem. innovation: specialization of meaning to plant growth)
282	*-guup’-	to soak; to drench, of rain	(Berber, e.g., Shilh agafay 'cloud,' implies a 2nd root shape *-gaap’-)
283	*gâr-	forest, bush
284	*-gêrʕ-	to become old
285	*-gǐr-	to sit
286	*-gǔs-	to drive away
287	*-gāš-	to chew
288	*-guš-	to feel, run fingers over
289	*-gêz-	to get, gain
290	*-gaʕ-, *-gaaʕ-	to be sick
291	*-guʕ-	to become wet
292	*-guʕ-, *-guuʕ-	to kill	(#290 with *-u- tr. infix?)
293	*gʷâa	cut (n.)
294	*-gʷǎb-	to not do
295	*-gʷad-, *-gʷid-	to cut
296	*gʷǐd-, *gʷǎd-	land
297	*-gʷâh-	to ooze, run out (bodily fluid)
298	*-gʷaḥ-	to stay
299	*-gʷeḥ-	to scrape
300	*-gʷaj-	to impel, make move (by pushing, pulling)
301	*-gʷǐl-	to bend, turn (intr.)
302	*-gʷar-	to turn (intr.)
303	*-gʷar-, *-gʷir-	to tear off
304	*-gʷǎats-	to strip (from the ground)
305	*-gʷîts-	to be small
306	*-gʷîʔ-, *-gʷaʔ-	to sip
307	*-gʷiiʕ-, *-gʷaaʕ-	to swallow
308	*gʷaʕb-	throat	(root #307 + *b anim. deverb.)
309	*kaa	this (demons.)
310	*ki	you (fem. sing. bound pron.)
311	*ku, *ka	you (masc. sing. bound pron.)	(*ka as Eg., Sem., Ch. innovation ?)
312	*-kuc-, *-koc-, *-kooc-	to flow
313	*-kǎac’-	to catch hold of
314	*-kǔuf-, *-kǎaf-	to wrap up, cover by wrapping
315	*-kǎḥ-	to not be
316	*-kal-	to turn round
317	*-kal-, *-kul-	all
318	*kol-	inner shoulder
319	*-kul-	to meet
320	*-kǒɬ-	to take
321	*-kam-	to hold
322	*-kǔm-	to add together
323	*kuuna	you (pl. bound)	(root #311+old Afroasiatic pl. in *n, as also in #210)
324	*kanf-, *kinf-	wing
325	*kâns-	loins
326	*-kep-	to cease, no longer function
327	*kop-	sole (of foot)
328	*-kâr-	to turn round, go round
329	*-kûr-	to dig out
330	*-kur-, *-kar-	to cut up
331	*-kît-	to produce water
332	*-kitḥ-	to drink up, eat up	(root #331 + *ḥ iter.)
333	*-keetl’-	to threaten
334	*-kîts-	to expand (intr.)
335	*-kaw-	to step along
336	*-kaʔ-	to cover up, enclose
337	*-kâʕ-	to rise
338	*-kǐʕ-	to turn (intr.), bend
339	*-kʷǎac-, *-kʷǎats-	to scratch (with an implement)
340	*-kʷâd-, *-kʷâad-	to make a loud noise
341	*-kʷâḥ-, *-kʷâaḥ-	to become worn out
342	*-kʷal-	to pound
343	*inkʷal-	kidney
344	*-kʷâaɬ-	to go away
345	*kʷeer-	bush, brush, uncleared land
346	*kʷǐr-	to twist (intr.)
347	*-kʷǐš-	to grasp
348	*-kʷatl’-, *-kʷaatl’-	to turn (intr.)
349	*-kʷâʕ-	to run away
350	*ɣǎ	tree	(Sem., Eg. innovation: addition of *t n. suff.)
351	*-ɣab-	to stop, stay
352	*-ɣǔb-, *-ɣǎb-	to cut
353	*-ɣâf-	to fit on top of, go above or in front of
354	*ɣǒɣ-	crust
355	*ɣooɣ-	gullet
356	*ɣah-	skin
357	*-ɣaaḥ-	to examine
358	*-ɣuḥ, *-ɣaḥ-	to flow
359	*-ɣâl-, *-ɣûl-	to be dry
360	*-ɣelf-	to be strong, powerful
361	*-ɣaɬ-	to break up, break apart (tr.)
362	*-ɣim-	to slice, cut into
363	*-ɣan-, *-ɣun-, *-ɣaŋ-, *-ɣuŋ-	to hit	(Eg., Sem. innovation: narrowing of meaning to beating time to music)
364	*-ɣin-, *-ɣiŋ-	to twist (tr.)
365	*ɣǔnts-, *ɣǔntsay-	nap, fuzz, crusty layer	(2nd root shape: adds *ɣ n. suff.)
366	*ɣunt-	projecting surface, protrusion
367	*-ɣâp-	to rise, arise
368	*-ɣar-	to become dark
369	*-ɣuur-, *-ɣiir-	to join (tr.), connect
370	*-ɣaat’-	to fold (tr.)	(Eg., Sem. innovation: 'fold over, bend')
371	*-ɣôxʷ-	to bend round, form a curve
372	*-ɣaaʕ-	to raise, lift, pick up
373	*-ɣâaʕ-	to cry loudly
374	*ɣʷa	heat	(Eg., Sem. innovation: addition of *t n. suff.; short vowel required by derived verb #399)
375	*ɣʷîb-, *ɣʷâb-	calabash (used as container, utensil, etc.)
376	*-ɣʷal-	to grasp and take away
377	*-ɣʷîn-	to lie (down)
378	*-ɣʷǎp-, *-ɣʷâap-	to split (tr.)
379	*-ɣʷâap-	to bend (part body)
380	*-ɣʷax-, *-ɣʷaax-	to walk about
380	*-ɣʷaax-	path
381	*-ɣʷeex-	to cry out
382	*-ɣʷây-, *-ɣʷîy-	to be hot	(root #374 + *y inchoat.)
383	*xâb-	piece of earth, area of ground
384	*-xadl-	to spill, pour
385	*-xaf-	to hit
386	*-xǎh-	to utter
387	*-xâj-	to rub
388	*xǎl-	thin stalks, grass stalks
389	*-xîɬ-	to scratch off
390	*-xoɬ-	to make a rough sound
391	*-xan-, *-xaŋ-	to move (intr.)
392	*-xap-	to join, assemble
393	*xoor-	ground
394	*-xas-	to float, glide, drift	(Sem., Ch. innovation: 'float' > 'flow')
395	*-xǐs’-	to extend, stretch out (intr.); to reach out
396	*xiš-	little, low, small
397	*xaynz-	three
398	*-xâʕ-	to rub, scrape
399	*xʷ-	female
399	*xʷat-	womb	(1st stem shape + *t n. suff.)
400	*-xʷal-, *-xʷaal-	to extract, take or draw out
401	*-xʷin-, *-xʷan-, *-xʷiŋ-, *-xʷaŋ-	to inhale, take a breath	(only C. reflexes imply 2nd form with reconstructed *a)
402	*-xʷâr-	to split, make a hole in
403	*-xʷar-, *-xʷir-	to attack, plunder
404	*-xʷâar-	to turn (intr.)
405	*-xʷir-	to rumble
406	*-xʷaat-	to remove (from surface), pull, tear, or scrape off
407	*-xʷayl-	to bear child	(root #399 + *y denom. + *l fin.?)
408	*k’âb-	cold
409	*-k’ab-	to take hold of
410	*-k’ǐb-	to be quiet
411	*-k’āc-, *-k’āts-	to cut off
412	*-k’ad-	to stay, stop
413	*-k’ǎdl-	to cut
414	*-k’ǔudl-	to go out; send out, drive out
415	*-k’âf-, *-k’âaf-	to harden, form a crust
416	*-k’ǎh-	to come away
417	*-k’êh-	to bite off
418	*-k’aj-	to seep out
419	*-k’al-	to burn (tr.)
420	*-k’um-, *-k’uum-	to grumble, sigh, make sounds of complaint
421	*-k’ǎn-, *-k’ǐŋ-, *-k’ǎŋ-, *-k’ǐŋ-	to grasp
422	*k’ōoŋ-	skin
423	*-k’ar-	to last, endure
424	*k’ār-	tip, peak, point
425	*-k’ĕer-, *-k’ǒor-	to cut into
426	*-k’ûur-, *-k’âar-	to become covered, go under cover
427	*-k’âas-	to divide
428	*k’os-	bone
429	*-k’ĕes’-	to give off heat or light
430	*-k’ǎt-, *-k’ǐt-	to go down, decline
431	*-k’ât’-	to cut
432	*-k’ûtl’-	to cut up
433	*-k’ey-	to excrete	(Eg., Sem. innovation: addition of *ʔ concisive to denote short, concentrated outflow, hence vomiting)
434	*-k’uʔ-	to rise
435	*-k’oʕ-	to bend (joint of body) (tr.)
436	*-kʷ’-̌	to eat
437	*-kʷ’-	to be wet
438	*akʷ’-	water	(*a- attrib. n. pref. + root #437)
439	*-kʷ’-	to be thin
439	*kʷ’an-	thin	(stem + *n adj. suff.)
440	*-kʷ’ǎdl-	to bite
441	*-kʷ’aḥ-	to pound
442	*-kʷ’ǎl-	to call	(Sem., Eg. innovation: narrowing of application of v. to angry calling out)
443	*-kʷ’al-	to make repetitive movements
444	*-kʷ’îl-, *-kʷ’âl-	to strip, tear off in strips
445	*kʷ’ilf-, *kʷ’ǎlf-	to cover	(Sem., Cush, innovation: > n. 'covering' > 'rind, bark')
446	*-kʷ’aɬ-	to look for selectively
447	*-kʷ’am-	to curve
448	*-kʷ’an-	to hit repeatedly
449	*kʷ’ânḥ-	egg	(root #447+ *ḥ iter.; semantics: egg curves at every point?)
450	*-kʷ’îr-, *-kʷ’âr-	to take a bite or swallow
451	*-kʷ’aat’-	to wet down	(root #437 + *t’ dur. intens.)
452	*-kʷ’ǎatl’-	to swallow	(root #437 + *tl’ foc.)
453	*-kʷ’ǎayt’-	to look at
454	*-kʷ’ǎz-	to avoid, avoid doing	(Eg., Sem. innovation: meaning shift, from avoiding per se to feeling a need or reason to avoid)
455	*-dzac-	to fear
456	*-dzaadl-, *-dzaatl’-	to make empty, clear
457	*-dzâaɣ-	to pierce
458	*-dzik’-, *-dzak’-	to throw down
459	*-dzǎm-	to get wet
460	*dzar-	pole
461	*dzixʷ-	salt
462	*-dzaʔ-	to walk
463	*-jâb-	to put apart, separate (tr.)
464	*-jaf-	to trickle, drip, seep
465	*-jek-	to scratch itch
466	*jok’-	point, tip (of anything)
467	*-jool-	to pull off
468	*jûl-	little, small
469	*-jôyʔ-	to pass over, go over
470	*ji, *dzi	one, someone somebody (indef. pron.)
471	*-jiɣ-, *-dziɣ-	to be strong
472	*-jǎḥ-, *-dzaḥ-	to hit repeatedly
473	*j-ḥ-, *dz-ḥ-	hut
474	*-jaal-, *-dzaal-	to overflow
475	*-jǎam-, *-dzǎam-	to step
476	*-jêr-, *-jôr-, *-dzer-, *-dzor-	to convey, make move
477	*-jâw-, *-dzâw-	to wear out, be used up, cease to function
478	*-jǎaw-, *-dzâaw-	to sip
479	*jiʔ-, *dziʔ-	child, offspring
480	*-jaʕ-, *-dzaʕ-	to kill (animal)
481	*-jiʕ-, *-dziʕ-	to spill out (intr.)
482	*-ts- (*ts-, *âts-)	here/there
483	*îts-	brother	(Eg., Cush., Ch. innovation: stem + *n n. suff. > *itsan-; Omotic innovation: stem + *m n. suff.: *itsim-)
484	*-tsul-, *-tsal-	to disapprove	(2nd root shape: possible old tr. derivation by addition of *-u- tr. infix)
485	*tsim-, *tsam-	fruit, seeds, foliage, plant growth in general
486	*-tsar-	to burn low
487	*-tsur-	to chatter
488	*-cab-	to join (tr.), bring together	(Ch., Sem. innovation: narrowing of meaning to particular kind of joining, by sewing)
489	*cĕec-	to excrete
490	*-cag-	to separate, set apart
491	*-câak-	to stay still, stay in place
492	*cîl-	stomach (?)
493	*-cār-	to abound in water, be very wet
494	*-tsâab-, *-câab-	to spoil, be ruined
495	*-tsob-, *-cob-	to do wrong
496	*-tsǔb-, *-cǔb-	to spill (tr.)
497	*-tsâg-, *-câg-	to rise
498	*-tsag-, *-cag-, *-tsaag-, *-caag-	to not move, be at rest
499	*-tsîk’-, *-tsâk’-, *-cîk’-, *-câk’-	to pluck out, pluck off
500	*-tsoon-, *-coon-	to smell
501	*tsuun-, *cuun-	hair, especially pubic hair
502	*-tsǎŋ-, *-cǎŋ-	to split in two, split one from the other
503	*tsan-, *can-	two	(proposed source: #502, with regular PAA *ŋ > PBA *n; Eg., Berber, Sem. innovation: as synonym for #505)
504	*-tsar-, *-car-	to grasp
505	*tsîr(n)-, *cîr(n)-	two	(vowel reconstruction uncertain: PAA *u, *ee, or *oo are also possible here; contrary to earlier views, this is surely a distinct root from #503)
506	*-šab-	to strike (with an implement)
507	*-šob-	to immerse, apply water to
508	*-šad-	to extend (lengthwise)
509	*-šoof-	to scratch, scrape
510	*-šaḥ-	to burn (tr.)
511	*-šooḥ-	to wet down
512	*-šok-	to cover
513	*-šîkʷ-	to cut repeatedly
514	*-šuk’-, *-šukʷ’-	to be beaten
515	*šuuk’-, *šuukʷ’-	narrow, slim
516	*-šaal-	to lap
516	*-šaalkʷ-	to lick up	(stem + *kʷ fin.)
517	*-šul-, *-šuul-	to scratch
518	*-šun-	to come close, come near
519	*-šeŋ-	to be good
520	*šâp-	earth, ground
521	*-šaap-	to cry out
522	*-šup’-	to abuse, revile
523	*-šĕr-	to shift (position)
524	*-šoor-	to feed
525	*-šǎawd-	to wrap around
526	*-šǎy-	to sparkle
527	*-šĕeʕ-	to be scraped
528	*-šūʕ-, *-šāʕ-	to smell (intr.)
529	*-s’êd-	to be (dark-)colored
530	*-s’ig-	to stay
531	*-s’uuɣ-, *-s’uuɣʷ’	to rub
532	*-s’ah-	to pound (to loosen)
533	*-s’ik’-, *-s’ikʷ’-	to come near
534	*-s’uk’-, *-s’ukʷ’-	to strike (with tool, weapon)
535	*-s’ǎm-	to sour
536	*-s’iink’-, *-s’iinkʷ’-	to become weak
537	*-s’ēer-	to lower, put low
538	*-s’at-, *-s’it-	to cut into
539	*-s’at-	to exude	(Eg., Sem. innovation: shift to outflow of water, not from body; root *-s’a- seen in #540 + *t dur.)
540	*-s’aw-	to flow	(root *-s’a-, seen also in #539 preceding, + *w inchoative)
541	*s’iw-	daylight, sunlight
542	*-s’aʔ-	to drink up, slurp up (liquid)
543	*-s’âʕ-, *-s’îʕ-	to burn (intr.)
544	*-s’iʕ-	to draw out, pull out
545	*s’iʕ-	hurry, haste
546	*-c’ǔb-	to glow, burn low	(2nd root shape *-c’aab- seen in PEC v. and Banna (SOm) 'white,' is not as yet satisfactorily accounted for)
547	*-c’of-	to flow slowly
548	*-c’uf-, *-c’if-	to tie together
549	*c’ohr-	trash, residue, discarded materials
550	*c’ohr-	lower back
551	*-c’aḥ-	to dig
552	*-c’aḥ-	to beat
553	*-c’uuk-, *-c’iik-	to rub off
554	*c’îk’l-	jaw
555	*-c’il-	to darken, become dark colored
556	*c’ilm-, *c’alm-	black	(root #555 + *m adj. suff.)
557	*-c’aam-	to rest
558	*-c’em-	to become dark
559	*-c’iin-	to observe
560	*-c’ep-	to wait
561	*-c’ap’-, *-c’ip’-	to drip
562	*-c’âr-	to be clever
563	*-c’ar-, *-c’ir-	to rise up
564	*c’irf-, *c’ifr-	nail, claw
565	*-c’êyg-	to shout
566	*-c’îʔ-, *-c’îiʔ-	to convey
567	*-c’eʕ-	to rise
568	*m-	indefinite pronoun stem (one, someone, somebody)
569	*-m- (*-mǎ- ?)	to be wet
569	*âm-	water	(*a- attrib. n. pref. + stem)
570	*-im-	to come
571	*ma, *mi	what?
572	*-ma-	to not have
573	*-mâc-	to walk swaying, move about disjointedly
574	*-mǎac-	to immerse, flow over
575	*-mîc-	to chew up
576	*-môoc-, *-môots-	to turn (tr.)
577	*-mac’-	to start
578	*-mâd-, *-mâad-	to flow
579	*-moodz-	to become wet
580	*-muɣʷ-	to hit
581	*-mǎh-, *-mǎah-	to not be able (to do)	(root #572 + *h ampl.)
582	*-mǐḥ-	to attack
583	*-maaḥ-	to get wet	(root #569 + *ḥ iter.)
584	*-muj-, -maj-	to come forth, emerge, stick out
585	*-mak-	to eat up
586	*-maak’-, *-maakʷ’-	to come back, return
587	*-mal-	to flow
587	*-mǎlḥ-	to ooze, be viscous	(stem + *ḥ iter.; semantics: flow out bit-by-bit)
588	*miil-	thigh
589	*-mǎn-	to lose, lack, be without	(root #572 + + n non-fin.)
590	*-man-, *-mun-, *-maŋ-, *-muŋ-, *-maɲ-, *-muɲ-	to tie up
591	*-mâr-	to bind
592	*-mǎar-	to be happy, fortunate, healthy
593	*-mǐr-, *-mǎr-	to pass, pass by
594	*-mir-, *-mar-	to take in the fingers
595	*-mur-	to flow
596	*-mas-	to become evening
597	*-mâat’-	to trade, barter, sell, buy
598	*-matl’-, *-mitl’-	to empty, empty out
599	*moots-	baby
600	*-maaw-	to die	(root #572 + *w inchoat.; PS, Eg., Ch. innovation: integration of *t dur. into stem)
601	*-maxʷ-	to move water about	(root #570 + *xʷ extend. fort.?)
602	*-môxʷ-	to bend
603	*-maʔ-, *-miʔ-	to bend, fold (tr.)
604	*-māʔ-, *-mīʔ-	to be wet
605	*-m-ʔ-	to go toward
606	*-mǎaʕ-	to eat
607	*-mǐʕ-, *mǔʕ-	to handle
608	*nê(e)	with
609	*ni	of (genitive)
610	*-nǎb-	to call
611	*-nǎf-, *-nǐf-	to exhale
612	*-neg-, *-nag-	to watch
613	*-nugʷ-	to seep
614	*-neh-	to be slight
615	*-noh-	to bite into hungrily
616	*-nǐḥ-, *-nĕeḥ, *-nǐiḥ-	to last, endure, abide
617	*-naj-	to become low
618	*-nikʷ-	to be deficient, little, or few
619	*-nok’-	to run out (of water)
620	*-nuuk’-	to suck
621	*nim-, *nam-	person
622	*-naatl’-	to call to
623	*-nuz-	to join (tr.)
624	*-naʔ-, *-naaʔ-	to scratch
625	*-nûʔ-	to suck in, snuff (up)
626	*-naʕ-	to be soft
627	*-naaʕ-, *-niiʕ-	to go/come
628	*-noʕ-	to scrape off
629	*-ŋoc’-	to be damaged, not function right
630	*-ŋěd-	to take (bit of food or drink) into the mouth
631	*-ŋodl-	to grip tightly
632	*-ŋek’-, *-ŋok’-	to look at intently
633	*-ŋal-, *-ŋ-l-	to cry out
634	*-ŋaɬ-	to fasten
635	*-ŋiɬ-	to cut
636	*-ŋôm-	to use the mouth (other than in eating)
637	*ŋaan-	boy
638	*-ŋaat’-	to spread (intr.)
639	*-ŋiit’-	to darken
640	*-ŋaaw-	to blaze	(*ŋ is required by derived noun, root #641 following)
641	*-ŋîiwr-	flames, firelight	(root #640 + *r n. suff.)
642	*ŋaʕw-	python (?)
643	*-ŋʷâɬ-, *-ŋʷâaɬ-	to run or seep out
644	*-ɲiḥ-	to shape to a point
645	*-ɲuuk’-	to rub	(Eg., Sem. innovation: 'to rub' > 'to scrape')
646	*-ɲer-	to fear
647	*-ɲîr-	to be frail
648	*-ɲīit’-, *-ɲāat’-	to hurt, ache, be in pain
649	*-ɲaw-	to come to, arrive at	(*ŋ and *a are reconstructed because they are required in derived root #651 below)
650	*-ɲaw-	to be moist, damp
651	*-ɲawr-	to move toward, come toward	(#649 + *r diffus.; semantics: from closed- to open-ended action)
652	*-ɲoxʷ-	to hold in the mouth
653	*-ɲay-	to speak loudly
654	*-ɲay-, *-ɲaw-	to rise, swell, expand
655	*ɲâʔ-	light, slight
656	*-ɲîʕ-	to rise (in elevation), swell (in size)
657	*k’âɲ-	yellow
658	*-z-ɲ-	to open
659	*-nah-, *-ŋah-, *-ɲah-	to avoid
660	*-noh-, *-ŋoh-, *-ɲoh-	to cry out
661	*-naxʷ-, *-ŋaxʷ-, *-ɲaxʷ-	to surprise
662	*-ŋêep’-, *-ɲêep’-	to stick one thing into another
663	*-ʕâb-	to shine
664	*-ʕob-	to take a swallow
665	*-ʕǔc-	to swallow liquid or soft food
666	*-ʕac’-	to repeat, do again
667	*ʕîd-	to raise, lift
668	*ʕid-	person
669	*-ʕǔdl-	to grip
670	*-ʕudl-, *-ʕuudl-	to cut off
671	*-ʕadz-	to be wrong, bad, ill; do or function wrongly
672	*-ʕaaf-	to see
673	*-ʕǐf-, *-ʕǔf-, *-ʕǎf-	to utter
674	*-ʕǎg-	to take a mouthful
675	*ʕâag-	grain	(Eg., Ch. innovation: *ʕâagaw- 'cooked grain,' stem + *w n. suff.)
676	*-ʕaj-, *-ʕij-	to bite
677	*-ʕǎak-, *-ʕǎakʷ-	to attack
678	*-ʕik’-, *-ʕak’-	to rise up
679	*-ʕal-	to ascend, go up
680	*ʕal-	jaw
681	*-ʕil-	to move to and fro
682	*-ʕâam-	to raise; tip of anything
683	*-ʕīm-	to apply, put into effect
684	*-ʕôom-	to stop (intr.)
685	*-ʕǎn-, *-ʕǎŋ-	to bend, turn
686	*-ʕan-, *-ʕaan-	to come into view, appear
687	*-ʕâan-	to seep (of bodily fluid)
688	*-ʕôn-	to swallow
689	*ʕǎŋ-, *ʕǐŋ-	tip, peak, top
690	*-ʕanɣʷ-	to rise, grow	(root #689 + ɣʷ comp.)
691	*-ʕĕŋ-	to move in a confused manner
692	*-ʕūp-, *-ʕīp-	to convey, make move
693	*-ʕar-	to become still
694	*ʕarf-	cloud	(root #695 + *f iter.? If so, semantics are unclear)
695	*-ʕir-	to be raised; sky
696	*-ʕǒr-, *-ʕĕr-	to burn brightly (intr.)
697	*ʕûur-	strength
698	*-ʕis-	to be(come) heavy
699	*-ʕǎs’-	to burn (intr.?)
700	*-ʕiš-, *-ʕuš-	to stick up
701	*-ʕat-, *-ʕit-, *-ʕut-	to stop (tr.?)
702	*-ʕat’-	to present
703	*-ʕatl’-	to become fat, thick
704	*-ʕâts-	to ask for, beg
705	*-ʕīts-	to stop (tr.)
706	*-ʕâyg-	to go down
707	*-ʕuz-	young
708	*-ʕâʕ-	to cry
709	*-ʔaab-, *-ʔiib-	to burn, give off heat, glow
710	*-ʔabz-, *-ʔibz-	to blaze	(root #709 + *z intens. of manner)
711	*-ʔǐb-	to sit, stay
712	*-ʔadl-	to act in anger
713	*-ʔûuf-	to blow
714	*-ʔǎg-, *-ʔǎgʷ-	to arrange
715	*-ʔaɣ-, *-ʔaaɣ-	to be satisfactory
716	*-ʔah-, *-ʔaah-	to moan
717	*-ʔâakʷ-	to burn (of fire); fire (n.)
718	*ʔâl-	base of neck
719	*ʔîl-	oath
720	*-ʔîl-, *-ʔal-	to see
720	*ʔǐl-	eye
721	*-ʔoɬ-	to speak loudly
722	*-ʔâm-	to heat
723	*-ʔam-	to intend
724	*ʔân-, *ʔîn-, *ân-, *în-	I
725	*ʔǎnn-, *ʔǐnn-, *ǎnn-, *ǐnn-	we	(pl. of #724 by adding *-(a)C- where C = preceding stem-final C, is implied in Eg. reflex)
726	*ʔîns-	one, someone, person (indef. pron.) 767
727	*ʔânt-, *ʔînt-, *ânt-, *înt-	you (sing.)
728	*-ʔânxʷ-	to listen; ear	(root #723 + *xʷ extend. fort.; *m > /n/ ([ŋ])/_*xʷ)
729	*-ʔâr-	to know
730	*-ʔark’-	to notice, become aware of	(root #729 + *k’ intens. of effect)
731	*-ʔaš-	to walk; leg
732	*-ʔāat	to set out for
733	*ʔâts-	body
734	*ʔǎw-	tall, high, long, big
735	*ʔâayš-	flesh, meat
736	*-ʔaz-	to hold
737	*-ʔaz-	to bite
738	*-ḥâb-, *-ḥûb-	to hold
739	*-ḥaab-	to speak out, proclaim
740	*-ḥǎc-, *-ḥîc-	to rub against
741	*-ḥâc’-	to curve, bend round
742	*-ḥêd-	to become fat, grow
743	*-ḥudl-, *-ḥuudl-	to twist (tr.)
744	*-ḥaf-	to lay
745	*-ḥaɣ-	to feint, make as if to do
746	*-ḥeek-, *-ḥeekʷ-	to go down
747	*-ḥâm-, *-ḥîm-	to strip away (hair, skin, etc.)
748	*-ḥam-	to spoil (intr.)	(Sem., Eg. innovation: to spoil > to sour)
749	*-ḥam-	to warm up
750	*-ḥin-, *-ḥan-	to set out, lay out, put into use
751	*-ḥînk-, *-ḥânk-	to carry (to or from)	(root #750 + *k dur.)
752	*-ḥōn-	to stick up, project, protrude
753	*-ḥuun-, *-ḥiin-, *-ḥaan-	to bite into
754	*-ḥap-	to take hold of
755	*-ḥup-, *-ḥuup-	mouthful
756	*-ḥap’-	to hasten
757	*-ḥĕr-	to scrape off
758	*-ḥâs’-	to feel bad
759	*-ḥetl’-, *-ḥotl’-	to scratch
760	*-ḥâw-	to hack
761	*-ḥ-y-, *-ḥ-w-	to travel
762	*-ḥâaz-	to cut into
763	*-ḥîz-	to increase in size or amount (intr.)
764	*-ḥôz-	to dig
765	*-ḥôʔ-	to spill (intr.)
766	*-ḥěʕ-, *-ḥĕeʕ-	to be weak
767	*h-	this/that (demons., base)
767	*ha	this/that one
768	*hâa	open ground, area outside residence
769	*-hu-, *-huu-	to fall
770	*-hab-	to beat, strike with weapon
771	*-hǎad-	to move along, proceed	(Sem., Eg. innovation: move > move toward)
772	*-hǐd-, *-hǐid-	to drive
773	*-h-d-	to rest
774	*-hǒj-	to wet down
775	*-hâl-, *-hîl-	to cry, call out
776	*hāl-, *hīl-	other	(probably demon., root #767+ *l n./adj. suff.)
777	*-hal-	to become thoroughly wet, pour heavily (intr.)
778	*-heel-	to grip, take hold of
779	*-hâm-	to go away
780	*-ham-, *-haam-	concern
781	*-hom-	to take into the mouth
782	*-hûum-	to lower
783	*-hǎp-	to put up, put above
784	*-hip’-	to rub
785	*-hup’-	point, tip
786	*har-	flow (n.)
787	*-har-, *-haar-	to cut into
788	*-hǎr-	to become lit
789	*-her-, *-hor-	to go rapidly on foot
790	*-hur-	to feel good
791	*-haas-	voice	(Sem., Eg. innovation: addition of *b extend., imputing meaning 'to count')
792	*haas’-	sand
793	*-hes’-	to sing
794	*-hat’-	to overflow
795	*-hâat’-	to come toward
796	*-hatl’-	to stop (intr.)
797	*-hâys’-	to lap
798	*hǎz-	flow (n.)
799	*-hôoz-	to speak
800	*-heeʔ-	to convey
801	*-hooʔ-	to burn, become hot
802	*-hǎʕ-	to arrive
803	*la	at, to
804	*-lâ-, *-lî-	to be moist, damp
805	*-lâa-	to strike down
806	*lǒ	true
807	*-lîb-, *-lîib-	to sit
808	*-lib-	to lap
809	*līb-	heart
810	*-lib-, *-lab-	to burn (intr.)
811	*-lâf-	to rise
812	*-lef-	to wrap, fold
813	*legʔ-	bull (?)
814	*-lâgʷ-, *-lâagʷ-	to speak
815	*-laaɣ-	to turn, turn back, change direction
816	*-lîɣ-, *-lûɣ-	to be raised
817	*-loh-	to rise, go up
818	*-lĕḥ-	to notice, pay attention
819	*-lěeḥ	to come out
820	*laj-, *ladz-	light (of fire, day)
821	*-lak-	to hold with the tongue
822	*-lak’-	to lap up
823	*-lâk’-, *-lâak’-	to show, bring to (one’s) notice or attention
824	*-lǎm-, *-lǐm-	to move
825	*-lep’-	to move along
826	*-laas-	to become weak, be in a weakened state
827	*-lis’-	to lick	(Ch., Berber, and Eg. shared innovation: *aləs-/*iləs- 'tongue': *a-/*i-attrib. n. pref. + stem; PS *lisn 'tongue' is a separate and distinct derivation from the same verb root)
828	*-laš-	to hold onto
829	*-l-t’-	to splatter
830	*-laaw-	to pick up
831	*-lǎax-	to increase (intr.)	(Sem., Eg., Ch. innovation: 'increase' > 'grow in size')
832	*-lôxʷ-	to move toward
833	*-lâygʷ-	to trickle	(root #804 + *y inchoat. + *gʷ dur.)
834	*-liʕ-	to shine
835	*-liʕb-	to move (tr.), convey
836	*dlâ, *dlî	call, cry (n.)
837	*-dlâ-	to grow, swell
838	*-dlab-, *-dlib-	to put the hand to
839	*-dlabʕ-, *-dlibʕ-	to stretch out (intr.)	(root #838 + *ʕ part.; Sem., Eg. innovation: narrowing of meaning to tr. stretching out of arms)
840	*-dlib-	to suffer loss, be damaged
841	*-dlaf-, *-dluf-	to rise above
842	*-dlêf-, *-dlôf-	to flow out
843	*-dleg-	to pay attention to
844	*-dlog-	to be bent, curved
845	*-dlōogʷ-, *-dlēegʷ-	to call out
846	*-dlah-	to heat
847	*-dlaḥ-	to swell
848	*-dl-kʷ-	to go bad
849	*-dleek’-	to squeeze
850	*-dlôkʷ’-	to push
851	*-dlum-	to be finished, ended, made useless
852	*-dlâp’-, *-dlîp’-	to descend, go down
853	*-dlǎp’-, *-dlǐp’-	to pay
854	*-dlāp’-, *-dlīp’-	to set on top of	(Sem, Eg., Ch., Cush, innovation: 'set on top of' > 'cover')
855	*-dlir-	to harm
856	*-dl-̂r-	to cut
857	*-dlay-, *-dlaw-	to bite
858	*-dlaʔ-	to go from
859	*-dlǎʔ-	to decline, become low
860	*-dliiʔ-	to expand
861	*-dleʕ-, *-dloʕ-	to feel weak, be worn out
862	*-âaɬ-	to burn (intr.)
863	*-ɬě-	to stand up, get up	(Sem., Eg. innovation: addition of *w inchoative to stem)
864	*-ɬâb-	to grow, increase, add on
865	*-ɬâf-	to live, grow
866	*-ɬǔf-	to expand, increase	(root #866 with *-u- tr. infix [also tonal shift as found in Chadic cases])
867	*-ɬuuf-	to sip
868	*ɬâg-	to be much, many
869	*-ɬǎɣ-	to be excited, stirred up
870	*-ɬeeh-	to shine	(this root is included because #871 following derives from it)
871	*-ɬêeh-	moon
872	*-ɬǎḥ-	to burn (tr.)
873	*-ɬîiḥ-	to scrape off
874	*-ɬǎakʷ-	to pierce
875	*-ɬikʷ-	to bite
876	*-ɬakʷ’-	to become visible, emerge into view
877	*ɬâm-	two
878	*-ɬǎam-	to leave
879	*-ɬuum-	to harm
880	*-ɬîŋ-	to run out (of fluid)
881	*-ɬap-, *-ɬip-	to go down, decline
882	*ɬap’-, *ɬip’-	ribcage	(distinct root from #809)
883	*-ɬup’-	to burn (intr.)
884	*-ɬâr-	to cover up
885	*-ɬǎw-	to take	(Eg., Sem. innovation: take > take out)
886	*-ɬow-	to cover over
887	*ɬaʔ-, *ɬaaʔ-	grassy area, low vegetation, scrub
888	*ɬǒʔ-	cattle	(sing. *iǒw- 'cow') (Eg., Sem. innovation: generalization of pl. to domestic animals in general, then narrowing in PS and Eg. to different specific animals)
889	*ɬ-ʔr-, *ɬ-rʔ-	hair	(possible vowel reconstructions: *a, *aa, *e, or *o)
890	*-ɬêʕ-	to cut off
891	*ɬaʕf-, *ɬiʕf-	to claw, paw
892	*-tl’ab-	to stick into
893	*-tl’ab-, *-tl’ub-	to make quick movements
894	*-tl’ab-	to spill, pour
895	*-tl’af-	to turn (tr.)
896	*-tl’eeɣ-	to stick out or up
897	*-tl’iiɣʷ-	to descend, go down
898	*-tl’ih-	to run away, flee (from); to chase
899	*-tl’âḥ-	to be loud, exuberant
900	*-tl’ôoḥ-	to join (intr.)
901	*-tl’ikʷ-, *-tl’akʷ-	to fool
902	*-tl’ok’-	to beat
903	*-tl’ook‘-	to rub
904	*-tl’akʷ’-, *-tl’ikʷ’-	to ooze, be thick (of fluid matter)
905	*-tl’âl-	to burn, make hot
906	*-tl’âl-	to wet down
907	*-tl’il-	to clench the teeth
908	*-tl’im-, *-tl’um-	to ooze, be viscous
909	*-tl’in-	to rise
910	*-tl’ip-, *-tl’up-	to hit	(Sem., Ch. innovation: semantic narrowing to hitting with the hand)
911	*-tl’etl’-	to fix the eyes upon
912	*-tl’aw-, *-tray-	to split (tr.)
913	*-tl’ow-	to flow
914	*-tl’uw-	to rise
915	*-tl’āy-	to produce or apply fluid
916	*tl’ayŋ-	moisture, wetness, wet matter	(root #915 + *ŋ n. suff.)
917	*-tl’iy-	to set down, lower
918	*-tl’ǐz-	to raise
919	*tl’-̌z-	tall, high, long	(probable *tl’iiz-, adj. < v. in #918 by V > VV; occurrence of PSC *ee (or *e?) for expected *ii probably reflects phonetic influence of PC root in #254)
920	*-tl’ôz-, *-tl’ûz-	to glow
921	*-tl’oʔ-	to grab
922	*-tl’aʕ-	to strike (with implement)
923	*-tl’iiʕ-	to blow
924	*ar-	at, by
925	*ra, *ri	wet place
926	*-râ-, *-râw-	to continue, keep on
927	*-rab-	to be destroyed, perish
927	*-rǔb-	to destroy, kill (many?)	(tr. by *-u- infix)
928	*-rǒb-, *-rěb-	to put above
929	*-roob-	to tighten by twisting
930	*-ruub-	to send	(Sem., Eg. innovation: 'send' > 'direct,' hence 'command, rule')
931	*-r-d-	to walk	(Agaw *a allows PAA vowel reconstructions *a, *aa, *o, or *e)
932	*-r-̂dl-	to flow out
933	*-râf-, *-rîf-	to break off, detach
934	*-reg-, *-rog-	to increase (in size or quantity) (tr.)
935	*-rig-, *-rag-	to move (intr.), walk
936	*-râɣʷ-	to pierce
937	*-rǐh-, *-rǎh-	to go down, lower oneself
938	*-ruk-	to bend (intr.)
939	*-rǐk’-, *-rǐkʷ’-	to bend down
940	*-rep-	to strike
941	*-rip-	to tie together; to sew
942	*-rǎw-, *-rǎy-	to rise
943	*-reyb-	to stop (doing)
944	*rǐiz-	foot
945	*-rǔz-	to become lost
946	*-rûʔ-	to stick up
947	*-raaʕ-	to move along
948	*-raaʕ-	to be raised
949	*wa-, *wi-	what?
950	*-wêeb-	to burn (intr.)
951	*-wĕc-	to be hard, solid	(Sem., Eg. innovation: added meaning 'firm,' hence, figuratively, 'firmly established, strong')
952	*-wǎc’-	to pass
953	*-wic’-	to swallow
954	*-wad-	to move (tr.)
955	*-wadl-	to flow
956	*-wadl-	to turn back, bend back (tr.)
957	*-wǎadl-	to leave abruptly
958	*-wǎag-	lower face
959	*-waag-	to despise
960	*-wâḥ-	to cut
961	*-wâḥ-	to look
962	*-waaḥ-	to keep on, continue
963	*-wâj-	to grow in size
964	*-wǐj-	to intertwine, to bind by twining together
965	*-wak-	to cut apart
966	*-wǎk’-, *-wěk’-, *-wǎkʷ’-	to separate husk, rind, chaff, etc.
967	*-wek’-	to burn (intr.)
968,.	*-wel-, *-wal-	to go round
969	*-wil-	to hasten, hurry
970	*-wan-	to open (tr.)
971	*-wap’-	to be above, be at the top, form the tip or peak
972	*-war-, *-wir-	to call out
973	*war-	light
974	*-wǎr-, *wǐr-	to grow (person, animal)
975	*-waar-	to soak (intr.)
976	*-wir-	to turn (intr.)
977	*-wis-	to fall asleep	(Sem., Ch. innovation: derivation of v. 'to sleep' by addition of *n non-fin.)
978	*-wiš-	to form dirt, rubbish
979	*-wetl’-	to destroy
980	*-wīitl’	to stand
981	*-wits-, *-wic-	to twist (tr.)
982	*-wax-	to look at
983	*-wayn-	to grow	(root seen also in #984 + *n non-fin.; Eg., Sem. innovation: 'grow' > 'live,' whence Eg. 'be, exist')
984	*-wǎys-	to expand	(root seen also in #983 + probably *s caus. as denom. with pre-PAA root *way thus having been a n. or adj.)
985	*wiz-	organ of chest
986	*-wǎʔ-, *-wǎaʔ-	to glow, burn (of fire)
987	*-wâaʔ-	to get up to leave, start out, come or go forth
988	*-wāʕ-	to grasp, take hold of
989	*-wǎʕ-	to run, run out (fluid)
990	*-waaʕ-	to yell
991	*-yo-	to say
992	*-yab-	to protect
993	*-yed-	to grasp	(Eg., Sem. innovation: derivation of n. for 'hand')
994	*-yǔf-	to swell
995	*-yagʷ-	to come out
995	*-yugʷ-	to put out	(root with *-u- tr. infix)
996	*-yah-	to respond, speak out in response	(Eg., Sem. innovation: narrowing of meaning to loud kinds of response)
997	*-yak-	to rise
997	*-yuk-	to raise	(root with *-u- tr. infix)
998	*-yakʷ-, *-yaakʷ-	to conceal
999	*-yak’-	to be aware of, knowledgeable about
1000	*yâl-	mane
1001	*-yuɬ-	to shout
1002	*yam-	body of water
1002	*-yam-	to submerge, go under water
1003	*-yaar-	to grow (up), grow large
1004	*-yâw-	to produce young
1005	*yaw-, *yawr-	bull	(2nd shape: stem + *r n. suff.; possible n. derivation < v. in #1004)
1006	*yaxʷ-, *yuxʷ-	side
1007	*-yâʔ-	to come
1008	*-yǎʔ-	to drip
1009	*-yuʔ-	to notice
1010	*-yaʕ-	to die
1011	*i, *yi	me, my	(bound 1st-person sing. pronoun)

References

Ehret, Christopher (1995), Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): Vowels, Tone, Consonants, and Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics; 126), Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, →ISBN