Appendix:Shabo word list

The following word list of Shabo, along with Majang (a Surmic language) for comparative purposes, is from Jordan, et al. (2015: 17-32).

List

Gloss	Shabo	Majang
hair (of head)	k’oitʃ’ek’ɑ	ɑ̄mì
head	k’oi	ōɗō
forehead	diːr	tʰɛ̄pɛɲ̀
ear	k’iti	wīnɑ́
hear	ɗigiɗetʃ’ɑte; hɑnɑʡɑs’ɑte; dɛbɑk’et’es’et	ɗéɑ̄ŋ
mouth	kɑusɛ	ɑ́tʰu
blow (v)	dɛbugɛtfife; k’enɗi	gōtɑ́ʔubugɛŋ
whistle (v)	wɑŋki	kōlōdʒɑ́ŋ
sing	ɑtʃɑki; dɛbuketsɑts	ɪ̄līɑ̀ŋ
dance (v)	ɗigŋwɑm; ɗiŋotʃɑkʰum; dɛbuketsɑts	dūbíɪŋ
drum	tɑrbi	tʰɛ̄ɾə̄bʷí
lip	k’ɛk’i	ɑtʰo
tooth	k’ɑu	ɲedɑŋ
tongue	hɑndɑ	kɑ̄dɑ́
saliva	hɛlɛnzi	ɗēwɑ̀
sweat	hupunɑ	tʰɑ̄wkējɑǹ
chin	gɑmɑ	ɲə̄gɪ̀m
beard	ɓɛtʃ’ɛhɑl; ɓɛtʃ’ɛwɑn; ɓɛtʃ’ɑ	sɑ̄món
nose	sonɑ	ə̄ŋɛ̀n
smell (v.t.)	buntʃ’ɑ; ɗɛgbontʃ’ɛ	ɪ̄ŋɑ̀ɾ
eyebrow	s’es’ek’ɑ	lélémtɑ̄nʌ̀kʔpʰilɑk̚
eye	sɛ	tɑ̄mɑ́
see	ɗɛkijɛne	dɛ̄nɛ̀ŋ
weep	ɗɛkɗɑi; ɗɛbɛkɗɑi	wudʌŋ
tear (n)	sɛwɑɗ	bɪ̄lētʌ̀k̚
neck	nimɑ	nɑdokeɾ
shoulder	doni	tīgūnɑ́n
breast	du	ɑ̄bɑ̄tʰí
belly	ɓɛse	ɑmɗ̚
navel	dʒuhumɑ	bol
guts	ʃuk’umeɑmbɑ	dikʰiŋ
back	sɑki	jimɑ
buttocks	ɗunʃe; bolbol	tiɾi
knee	kuti	koɾoaŋ
elbow	k’ɑŋk’ulɑm	gogod
foot	bitʃɑ	diɾɑn
sandals	tʃ’ɑːmo	kʰopɑk̚
thigh	ɗeːbuʃɑ	bolbol
hand	efu	ʌɾi
forearm	goː; efihilo	ʌɾi
fingernail	seːnse	soboləkʷi
skin	wɑn	wɑn
bone	emɑhɑ; egege	ɪmemɑn
heart	lunduse	bɑʲ
blood	dɑmo	jɛɾom
liver	bɑɓu	bɑʲʔobo
bush		ɗuk̚
thorn	k’uk’u	ɓejni
tree	k’ɔnɑ	ketʰ
axe	gɑtʃie	gɑsowi
bark (n - of tree)	k’unewɑn	orukʰɑn
root	t’ilt’il	dɪldɪlʔtilti
leaf	tʃ’ɑːm	ɓɪŋwʌn
rope	goŋko	mɛlt
basket	kɑnte	kɑnte
farm (field)	tʰɑːwɑ	tʰɑwɑ
seed	weːkʰun	wejkun
harvest (n)	oɗotːɑm; wejkunʃe	sowɛt̚
machete	dʒɑme	dʒɑme
hoe	kolseɑmb; k’ojɛ	ɑnkʰɛtedukʰu
dig	ɗɛbɛkolɛ	kʰɛtʰɛdiŋ
plant (v)	[ɗebek]ɑwe	weʲdiŋ
maize	mɑklɛ	mɑkɛle
tobacco	tumbɑiho	tʰɑbej
grass	ʃio	woŋiʔɛltʰi
weed (n)	sotʃ’ɑ	momɛnon
flower	mɑke; tʃutʃuwɑk	mɑkʰe
fruit	k’onɛse; ɗiksei	tɑme
ripe	ɗɛbekɗume	aɗitʌŋ
rotten	[ɗɛbɛk]bontʃ’e; ɗɛŋbuntʃ’ɑm	modʒɛɾəʔmodʒitʰɑn
meat	hɑ	tɑɾ
cut	tʃ’otʰɑ; ɗeŋtʃ’otʰɑm	jɑwʌŋ
steal	ɗebəkɗiː	ʌgʌliŋ
give	hɑm; ɗikhɑme	ɠɑbɛn
fat (n)	tʃ’elɑm	gonʔɗɛɗɛŋ
egg	tʰotʰokʰɑn	tʰutʰukʰɑn
hide (v)	ɗugɑwe	dugɪŋ
hungry	mɛlɛsi	lɑkʰɪŋow
cook (v fs)	[ɗɛbɛk]ɗumbe	kʰeŋ
drink (v)	wɔwɔfwɔ	utʰɛŋ
cup	wɔseɑmb	ɑʲntʰutɑnkʰu
gourd	ɓokoi	pokoʲʔpʰɑdɔk̚
laugh	[ɗɛbuk]sɑle	ɾogɛɲ
vomit (v)	tʰɑpʰɛlɑ	pɑjɪŋ
cough	k’oŋku	kʰɑneŋ
spit	helendʒi	topɑʲɛŋ
sneeze	tʃ’emɓe	tʰiɾuʲɛŋ
sick	kəndi	guɾuŋ
fall (v)	fuwɑfɑ	ɗiɾɪŋ
die (v)	k’o	ɾɛɾkʰoŋ
grave	kolimɑŋ; kijɑ	pʰii̥
fool	gɑgɑ	gɑgɛ
one	iŋki	omoŋ
two	bɑb	peʲ
three	dʒiːtɑ	dʒitʰ
four	ɑŋɑn	ɑŋɑn
five	tʰuːl	tul
six	tʰulɑum	tulɛʡoŋ
seven	tʰulɑpeː	tulɑpeʲ
eight	tʰulɑdʒit	tulɑdʒitʰ
nine	tʰulɑɑŋɑn	tulɑŋɑn
ten	ɑːrŋ	ɑɾn
twenty	iŋofekoːr	ɾumɛɗit
hundred	ɗiɓɛ	ɗibe
think	inon	koɓoŋ
person	ufɑ	ɪdit̚
man	[w]ul	moʲ
woman	[w]umɓɑ	peʲtʰ
marry	ɗɛbek’ei	boŋɗi
wedding	tɑwu[mɓɑ]	wɑwʌn
bear child (v 3fs)	ɗɛbek’ose	bɑɾtʰɛkoŋ
wife	[ike]wumɓɑ	dʒɛɾti
father	mɑti; bɑːbe	ɛpʰɛn
say	ɗɛbɛnʃome	tunɔŋ
mother	ɪndi	ɛmɛs
ask	iŋɑne	kɔniŋ
child	[tʃoi]toŋ	tɑn
brother (elder)	tei; teiŋtʃ’o	mɑɲɑ
walk (v)	ɗɛbɛksɑɾe	ŋɑwitəŋ
run	k’ol	ɾiɾiŋ
rest (v)	hupʰe	ɪmiɲən
sister	dɪŋkemɑː; etʰɑ	mɑɲɑsenɛpɑʲətɪk
teach	etʰɑteːi	ɾoɾiŋ
chief	iɾɑʃu; jɑpʰukʰɛpʰontʰiŋopʰɑ	ɔɗowɪn
God	dʒuːkʷ	wɑkuʲu
name	woŋgɑse	tʰɪɾijɑ
animal	ɑhɑsetʃ’oːɗo	kʰegunwejɑnkʰu
fur	[bei]tʃ’ek’ɑ	ɑmiwɑtik̚
hunter	lugʷej; drubu	ɑdɑmoɲ
hunt (v)	noːi; kolɑkɑːi	lugɛjɛdin
pig	geːdɑ	kʰutʰuɾ
tail	sundom	kul
bat	ɛɾɛnɑ	gʌput̚
louse	nenɑ	ŋɛtʰin
ant	sewu	bitɛmɛʲʔmoɾodiɑnʌk̚
worm	lɛɓitʰ; lɛntitʰ	kuɾubut̚
fly (n)	dʒeːfɑ	kʰɑʲɑŋɾ
spider	kʰoːrɑ	kɔlgədɑdɪnʔtopʰoloɲ
termite	dʒɑm; ɗɛlɑni	gɑɾgeʲʔemɑɾ
termite hill	mɑtʰiŋkʰoːrɑ	dʒuŋ
honeybee	soi	ŋɪdɑn
beehive	dɑnɑ	dune
honey	sinɑ	ɛtʰɛʡ
goat	ɗimtʰɑ; kemtʰɑ	kʰɛmtʰ
horn	k’ɑri	kojite
cow	mɪndʒɑ	tʰɑŋ
donkey	mɑtʃ’o	kuɾe
hit	ɑfɑl	mɑlɛŋ
chicken	bɑːko	kogɪli
bird	heletʰi	titʌŋ
claw	seːnsi	səbʌlkʷiwɑtik̚
wing	kʰoːpʰu	tɑboʲɛkɔ
feather	tʃ’eːk’ɑ	lomi
fly (v)	ɑpʰr	piɾin
nest	heletʰiɑhɑ	weʲtetononkʰu
snake	pʰɑːr	kʰokʰɔ
rat	kʰɪltʰɑ	kʰɪlt̚
kill	[ɗɛbɛ]kʰɑːi	bokotuŋ
scorpion	ososo	ɾokʰokowɪn
fish	tʃ’ɑŋɑ	olt̚
fishnet	giː	ɑʲngonditønku
swim	liɛtʰi	lɪŋ
frog	wɑŋgɑ	wɑwɪtʃɛ
thread	koŋko	kʰiɾi
tie (v. int.)	ɗɛkɛtiːpe	kʰoɾukodʌŋʔtʰusɪŋ
sew	luːl	bɛkɑɲɑŋ
crocodile	ɗɛgo	ugul
fear (n)	lɑsɑ	bɑʷdʒikinʔtuguɾ
buffalo	miɑɗ	miʡɑt
baboon	gopʰɑ	ɗidɑ
leopard	bu	dɔmɔn
cat	ɑdure	edʒeʲ
hyena	ɗuɾuŋ	ɗuŋɛt̚
dog	kʰɑni	wɑɾ
listen	ɗɛbɛk’etʰe	gɪliwɔn
bark (v)	bokʰːɑ	ojʌŋ
come	ɑm	mɛləkʰɪŋʔkusuŋ
bite (v)	ɓɪle	kʰɑwɛŋ
banana	mudʒiɛ	mudʒi
want	sɛŋgɑi	wɛɾɛŋ
count	ihom	jikʰomu
take	tʰon; ut’ukʰe	bɔŋu
hold	utʰuku	gɑmu
path	kʰumɑse	gopɑn
house	ɗok’u	gɔdi
door	sɑk’o	sɑŋɑ
sweep	isɪk’i	gɑlɪŋ
enter	k’oi	guguɲ
exit	ɓɑlɑn	ŋɑɾgɪŋ
stool	bɑrtʃ’um	bɑɾəsum
make	idʒɑgɑn	idʒɑgn
sit	[ɗik]tʰɑːme	dɔkude
stand (v)	kʰitʰe	ɪtʰʌŋ
salt	moi	moi
pot	ɑtʰɛseɑm; woidʒɑx	kʰebɛt̚mɑʷonkʰu
fire	tʃ’uwɑ	mɑtʰ
burn (v. int.)	[ɗi]gutʰɑɗe	modiŋ
hot	subu	kudʒeʔpʰɑkʌn
warm	k’eːnɗe	dʒɪŋdʒɪŋʔpʰɑkɑʡɑbɑlɑŋ
cold/cool	k’eːnɗe; subumbɑ	sɑluŋkʰu
cold (weather)	k’ɛnɗi; ɑɗuɗui	jɑɑ̥
smoke (n)	tʃ’imbu	toɾə
ashes	fuŋk’ɑ	tʰɛdɑku
stick (n)	gum	gunboʲ
stone	mɑːnɑ	ɠɪdi
smooth	ɾutʃ’i	ɲulɲul
earth, ground	bok’u	ɗo
mud	ɗiŋk’o	ɗokʰoʲ
clay	dʒɑhi; nukoi	suɓoʲ
sand	kʰiːrɑ	dʒɛwɛʲ
dust	utʰi	duduɾ
gold	wɔrkʰe	wɑɾke
money	wori	wəɾi
buy	ɑɓɑle	bɑlɪŋ
sell	ɗebek’ɑbɑlsi	bɑlɗiɗɪŋ
market	gɑbijokʰɑ	gɛbijoʲ
mountain	gomu	kuɾukʰuŋ
wind	joŋgoi	jioŋgoʲ
cloud	guːpo	tʰimɑn
rain (n)	ɗimu	tʰul
rainbow	t’osi	ɑmbɑsoʲ
lightning	tɑlɑl; ɪŋkiɗɛŋɑm	ɲɑlɑŋʔtɑlɑl
thunder	gumɑ; ɑt’i	tɛbɛɾəʔbeɾɑŋ
dew	wɑɗi	ɾiɾi
river	wɔː	goɾo
canoe	ɛmɗi	ɛmɗo
bridge	kʰoi	kʰoʲ
water	wɔː	mɑwu
well (n)	tʰunse	lilɑkʰə
lake	bure	tʰɛl
sky	hɔːɓɑ	dɛɾi
evening	dɛɓuh; dɪndɪm	ɑdʒige
moon	kʰɑsipu	ɑjɪŋ
star	roːgɑ	mɛɾijo
sun	ohɑ	wɑwiʲ
white	ɗɑtʃ’ɑ	tʰupɛɲiŋ
black	tʃ’iŋi	gʷɑdʒuŋ
red	tʃ’ɑrɑ	dɛŋ
green	dʒolo	sɔledɪŋ
yellow	ɗɑːmɑ	dɑme
brown	tʃ’eŋiɑmbɑ; ɗoitʃ’ɑrɑb	kwɑdʒəŋʔmuɛn
knife	sikʰi	ɑɾe
sharp (edge)	kʰeːdʒ; buːdʒɑ	ɗɑmu
dull	t’oɓɑ; ikʰɛdʒubu	dɛntɑnʔŋilgiŋ
bow	ɑrgɪn	jɑŋtɑnʔkʰɑnit̚
arrow	s’olokʰ	ɛɾɛgɪn
spear	bɑk’e	bija
throw	[ɗik]ɗule	tʰimɑŋ
shield	gibɑ	gɑsɪn
war	ŋɑːsɑ	kɑɾin
fight (v)	ɗɛbuk’nɑːi; ɑkitesɑ	timɑ
bad	kusɑ	ɲewɛn
good	ɗɑŋkʰɑ	mɪŋtɑn
wide	bosi	bɛkʰɑɲəɾ
narrow	tʃ’unɗɛ	tʰokuloŋ
straight	setʰɑk’ɑnse	bɛləkəsɛm
crooked	goŋgoɗe	ɾuŋuɑm
long	ɗɑːmɑ	dʒeɗoŋ
short	kikɨɾɑ	dɪŋ
big	mɑtiː	obinʔbobɪn
small	kʰedeɓoŋ	tʰɛm
thick	ɓiːli	bobʌŋʔgonoɾ
thin	k’eːdʒi	tɛɲɛlɪŋ
heavy	boːgo; guːlɑ	ɗelɪŋ
light (not heavy)	kɛɗɛɓuŋ	pʰɔjɔn
old (not new)	iʃeɑmbɑ; gutʰɑre	bɔlɔŋ
new	k’inɑŋ[ɑmbɑ]	ton
none	[iŋkio]ɗɪb	koʲʡɑɾɑ
left (side)	kʰɑndokʷ	kɑnt̚
right (side)	sisɑokʷ	ɗɛɗik̚
yes	ɗɑŋkɑ; mɑnd	ij
no	ŋɑbube	mokʰɔ
hard	ɓoːgo	bɑnkʰoʷ
soft	lɑːk’ɑ	kʰokʰoŋʔŋʌlŋʌl
many	kɑːbɑ	ɓɑwokʰɑ
few	kedeɓotʰ; hɑnʃiɓ[otʰ]	tʰɪkʰɪɾ
up	pʰoŋkʷ; pʰoːnɗi	ɾɑŋɑnɑʔɛdenɑ
down	bokʰuɗ	ɗokʰɑ
this	mɑ; moho	sɪnə
that	ŋɑtʰom; ŋɑtʰoɑ	sɪnoʲʔsoʲ
who?	nɑfe; nege	wot
whose?	nɑfeke[muho]	wokʰu
what?	nɑmbi	dʒɪk̚[on]
when?	hɑmɓoh	okɔɗ
yesterday	dʒɑlge	koʡɑle
where?	hɑmɑtʰ	eʲt̚
here	mɑŋkʰ	sediʲ
how?	ɪndk’ɑ	ek̚
why?	nɑmbisom	ɑgutudʒɪk̚
clothing	seːmo	ɑbiʲ
wet	munɗi	dodoŋ
dry (adj)	tʃ’oto; iːchi	bɑlɛkɔŋʔpʰɑlkʰen
dirty	ŋɑːko	dɑkʷiʔtuɾi
garbage	durː	sɑsɑke
pour (water)	bɪnːɑ	ekʰɛɲ
empty (adj)	ɗeb; jebemɑŋkʰ	sokʰon
full	kʰɑwɑŋkʰ	ɪɲɑ
bathe (v. int.)	horɑwe	ɑ[dɛ]ɗɪŋ
lie down	teːk’ɑ; kʰɑɓu	tʰɪtʰkʰɪdiŋʔɗoŋkude
yawn	hohɑ	ɑmɛn
sleep (v)	t’oːlːi; kʰɑɓuɗɑ	degɑɾ
I	tʰiŋ	eʲt
you (ms)	kʰukʰ	in
he	ŋɑufɑ	ɪsue
we (incl.)	jiːŋ	ɪtʰɪnkʰ
we (excl.)	otʰɑlɑŋɑ; ɑntʃ
you (pl)	jiːŋof; sitʃɑkʰ	inʌkʰ
they	otɑlɑ; ŋɑmutʃɑofɑ	seg
push (v)	guʃɑtʰɛn	dɪɾɪŋ
pull (v)	fɪkʰɑʡɑm	pəɾutʰɛŋ
jump (v)	tʃitʃokʰu	temuŋʔutʰɑlɛŋ
fence	ɾɪkʰɛtʰi; heɗɑ	ise
gate	gifoː	kʰoɾutɑn
all	wetʃ’ɑ; kʰɑːbɑk	bɑŋaʲ
and	ŋɑ	aʡ
at	pʰond	aɾ
go	ɗekɓɑle; ɗeknoi	ŋɑɾ[ko]ŋ
know	ɗe	ɗɪgɪɾ
other	juɑmb	om
scratch	k’ik’oe	wɑkɑɾʌŋ