Appendix:Proto-Central Khoisan reconstructions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
The following list of Proto-Central Khoisan reconstructions is from Baucom (1974).
List
[edit]English gloss | Proto-Central Khoisan |
---|---|
afraid | *!’au |
alone | *ǀui |
and | *e |
to answer | *oe |
arm | *+’õã |
arrow | *ǂ’aa |
ashes | *dʐao |
to ask | *tẽ |
bad | *thu |
bark | *sorV |
big | *kae |
bird | *dʐera |
to bite | *ga |
black | *ǂnuu |
blood | *ǀ’ao |
to blow (1) | *!um |
to blow (2) | *xãĩ |
body | *ǀkx’ao |
bow | *ten |
bow string | *ǁ’aba |
boy (1) | *kx’aro |
boy (2) | *ǀoa |
to break | *kõã |
breast (1) | *sam |
breast (2) | *pii |
buffalo | *ǀao |
to burn | *dhau |
buttock | *tsi |
to carry | *tane |
to catch (1) | *!xoo |
to catch (2), fetch, take | *se |
to chew | *ǁai |
child | *ǀoa |
chin | *!ani |
to clap hands | *ǁ’am |
to climb | *!’aba |
cloud | *ǀhom |
to be cold | *+xei |
to come | *ha |
to cook | *tsãĩ |
to cut | *!ao |
to dance (1) | *ǀkx’ii |
to dance (2) | *ǂnaa |
day, sun | *ǀam |
to die | *ǁ’o |
to dig | *khao |
to do, make (1) | *kuru |
to do, make (2) | *hĩ |
dog | *aba |
to drink | *kx’a |
to dwell, live | *ǁ’an |
ear | *ǂae |
to eat | *ǂ’ũ |
egg | |
eland | *du |
elephant | *ǂxoa |
to enter | *ǂã |
excrement | *thu |
eye | *ǂxai |
face | *kx’ai |
to be fat | *kau |
father (2) | *ǁu |
father (1) | *ba; *aba |
female | *ǁae |
to fight | *ǁ’ã |
fire | *ǀ’ae |
to flee | *!xue |
fly (1) | *eni |
fly (2) | *dhoe |
to forget | *ǀ’uru |
four | *haka |
from | *xu |
gemsbok | *ǀkx’oo |
giraffe | *!nabe |
to give | *ma |
to go, walk | *!ũ |
to go out | *ǂkx’oa |
good | *!an |
grass | *ǀã |
grease, fat | *ǁnui |
green | *!’am |
to grow | *kae |
hair (1) | *ǀxũ |
hair (2) | *ǂuun |
hand | *tsau |
hartebeest | *ǁxama |
he | *+aib |
head (1) | *ǀu |
head (2) | *mhaa |
to hear (1) | *tse |
to hear (2) | *ǁnãũ |
to hear (3) | *kum |
heart | *ǂao |
hippopotamus | *!kx’oa |
honey | *dani |
horn | *ǁnaa |
hot | *ǀam |
to hurt | *thũ |
hut, house (1) | *+nu |
hut, house (2) | *kx’om |
I (masculine) | *tire |
I (feminine) | *tita |
jackal | *ǀiri |
to kill | *lam |
knee | *!uru |
to know | *ǂ’an |
kudu (1) | *xei |
kudu (2) | *doa |
land, earth | *!nu |
to leave | *xu |
left (side) | *ǁae |
leg, thigh | *tẽ |
leopard | *!ue |
to lie down | *ǁoe |
lion | *xam |
little | *!kx’ari |
to live | *ǁ’an |
liver | *kx’ai |
lungs | *soo |
man | *kx’au khoe |
master | *ǀhũ |
meat, flesh (1) | *kx’oxo |
meat, flesh (2) | *ǁani |
melon | *thama |
milk | *pii |
to milk | *ǀkx’ao |
moon | *+nwe |
mother | *ae |
mouth | *kx’am |
mud | *ǂkx’oa |
nail, fingernail | *ǁkx’oro |
name | *ǀkx’on |
near | *ǀu |
neck (1) | *!’au |
neck (2) | *dhom |
night | *thuxu |
nose | *ǂuii |
not | *tama |
not to know | *ǀ’uu |
of (possessive suffix) | *dhi |
old | *kae(de) |
one | *ǀui |
to open | *ǁxoba |
ostrich (1) | *ǀaro |
ostrich (2) | *ǀ’ami |
palm of hand | *tsau |
path, road | *dhau |
person | *khoe |
poison | *!an |
porcupine | *!noe |
to pull | *ǂai |
quiver | *!uru |
to rain | *tu |
to rest | *sã |
rhinoceros | *!naba |
right (side) | *kx’au |
to rise (of the sun) | *!kx’ua |
rock, stone (1) | *+noa |
rock, stone (2) | *ǀ’ui |
rope, snare | *!xui |
round | *!ubu |
salt | *dabe; *debe |
sand | *xum |
sandal, shoe | *+nabo |
to say | *mi |
to see | *mũ |
to seize, catch | *!xoo |
to set (of the sun) | *ǂa |
to shoot | *ǁxau |
to shut | *ǀ’um |
sinew | *ǁ’aba |
to sing | *ǂnai |
to sit | *ǂnu |
skin | *khoo |
to sleep | *ǁkx’om |
small | *ǀa(ri) |
to smell | *ham |
smoke | *ǀkx’an |
snake | *ǀkx’ao |
soil | *xum |
sun | *ǀoa |
spear | *ǂxau |
springbok | *!xai |
to stand | *the |
star (1) | *ǀkx’aini |
star (2) | *ǂkx’aonu |
steinbok | *!xai |
to suck | *pii |
to swallow | *thom |
to swell | *xãĩ |
tail | *tsau |
to talk, say | *kx’wi |
that | *ǁna |
there | *ǁna |
they (masculine) | *+u |
they (feminine) | *di |
they (common) | *na |
thing | *xuu |
this | *ǀne |
thorn | *ǁxam |
thou (masculine) | *tsa |
thou (feminine) | *sa |
three | *!noona |
throat | *dhom |
to tie up | *!ai |
time | *ǁ’ae |
tomorrow | *uka |
tongue | *dham |
tooth | *ǁõõ |
tree | *zei |
two | *ǀam |
urine | *ǀkx’am |
veld | *ǂaa |
to want | *ǂao |
to wash | *ǁkx’aa |
water (1) | *tsaa |
water (2) | *ǁami |
we (masculine) | *+ai |
we (feminine) | *se |
we (common) | *tia |
werf | *ǁ’ai |
wet | *ǀkx’am |
white | *!’u(ri) |
who? | *dei |
wildebeest (blue) | *ǀae |
wing | *ǁabo |
to work | *sĩsẽn |
worm | *ǂkx’oni |
year | *kuri |
yesterday | *tua |
you (masculine, pl.) | *+ao |
you (feminine, pl.) | *sao |
you (common, pl.) | *tu |
zebra (1) | *bize |
zebra (2) | *kuaxa |
References
[edit]- Baucom, Kenneth L. 1974. Proto-Central-Khoisan. In Voeltz, Erhard Friedrich Karl (ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on African linguistics, 7-8 April 1972, 3-37. Bloomington: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University.