Appendix:Temein word lists

The following comparative word list of Temein languages is from Blench (2006). The languages are Temein, Tese, and Keiga Jirru.

List

English	Temein (sg.)	Temein (pl.)	Comment	Tese (sg.)	Tese (pl.)	Comment	Keiga Jirru (sg.)	Keiga Jirru (pl.)	Comment	Comparisons (Blench)
adolescent girl							nyɛ́rʈàk	nyɛ́rɛ́
after	aaʈi
after	kama
after	nya
afternoon	wuuiny
afterwards	ṭɔk
again	onuk	konuŋkɛ
alike	ʔbanákà
alive, awake	kápaŋanùk						kɛ́ fúnó		it is alive
all							càp		< Baggara
all	kɛ̀ṭɛ́kɛ̀ʈ			uiccoḍɛ̀k			kaláásɪ̀k			cf. Tama káák, Ama kwɛ́rɛ̀n, Gaam kay,
allow something to drop and break	yɔkɔmi	yɔkɔmɔʈi
allow, permit	suku	sukóʈù
alone	(ɛ)kíɗɔŋ
always	nyááʈɪn-nyááʈɪn			wərwər
and	aʔɖa		joins clauses
and	nya		joins individual words
angry	ʔɖaso	ʔɖasoaʈo
animal	yówɪ̀ʈ	sɔ̀ɔ̀					ɗía na ɓok	lɛ́[k] na ɓok	‘thing of house’
ankle	ʈúúkúrɪ̀s	kuʈúúkúrí							‘child of leg’
answer	ɛɖákìlɔ́ŋɔʈ	ɛɖaʈákì
ant hill							ʈíɖàk	kíɖàk
ant, large black	kɪrínyʈɛ̀ʈ	kɪrínyàʔ		ohoɪ̂k	ohwáʔ		orónyiɖàk	orónyìk
ant, red				kɪrɪnyééɖə̀k	kɪrɪnyáʔ		kɪrényaɖàk	kɪrényàʔ
antelope				káburè			sɔ́ɔ́mɛ̀	kusɔ́ɔ́mɛ̀
anyone	ɗéénì nɗɔ̀
armpit	gɪ́lɪgɪ́lɪ̀k	kɪgɪ́lɪgɪ́lɪ̀kɪ̀		kapəlɛɖə̀k	káápalàk		kwɔ́rʈɛʈàk	kwɔ́rʈɔ	also wing
arrow	arsàʈ	karsaʈì		ʈwìʔ	kuɖììʔ
ashes	úluk									cf. So ûk, Berta Undu bùbùdà, Meidob úfúdì (and possibly related to more widespread #bur- roots.
ashes				puḍòʔ			fuɗàʔ			< Kadu e.g.Katcha fuɗo,
ask	ʈɛ̀ʈɪ̀ka	ʈɛ̀ʈɪ̀kaʈa
at	-(V)ni		locative suffix
at	ɔ		genitive suffix
at	ɛnɛ		prep.
awake	furuŋoni	furuŋoʈonai
axe	ṭúk	kùṭúkàʔ		máɖàm	kɪ́maɖàm		alfáì	kalfáìŋ	< Arabic al-fās
baboon	ɔ́limɔ́n	kɔ́limɔ́nì		ṭákwúúrù	kɪɽákwúúrà		kóllòŋ	kuollèì
baby, child	ʔdámulʈɛ̀ʈ, ʔɖámula	kiʔɖámula		ɗál	kányàŋ	< Kadu	ɗák	kɪɗék
back	pɔ̀rɔ́ŋɔ̀ʈ	kùpɔ̀rɔ́ŋɔ̀ʈ		ɛ́rrɛk	kɛ́rrɛɖɪ̀ŋ		ṭááràk	kɪɽááraɖɪ̀k
backbone							àmɪ̀[k] na ɽááraʈ	àmɪ̀[k] na ɽááraʈ
bad				asiyòʔ	asiʈòʔ	not good	asíù	asɪ́ʈʈòʔ
bad	nʈɛ̀n	kíʈɪ̀k		ŋaḍɪɖàk					bad, old thing
bamboo	giokɪ̀ʈ	giàk		ṭɛlɪk			ʈɛlɪk
bank, river	pɔ́kɪʈ nʈɛ nʈɔ̀ŋɪ̀ʈ						ḍàŋɪ̀k	kɪḍàŋɪ̀k
baobab	kɔmpurɪ̀ʈ	kikɔmpúrì		kamurɪk	kamuráʔ
bark of tree	pɔ̀páʈɪ̀ʈ									cf. Nilotic e.g. Jumjum pǝtǝkai, Shilluk padho, Luo opok
bark of tree				ʈáhuk			ṭófuk			cf. Katcha tofu
basket				soróʔ	kusoróʔ		sóóró	kusóóró
basket	árɛ̀	kárɛ̀		saffaláí	kɪsaffaláí		ʈáŋasàʔ	kɪɖáŋaswàʔ	basket, bamboo
basket large				yayáʔ	kɪyayáʔ
bat (mammal)	rɪ́rù	kɪ́rɪ́rù		kábbíliɖä̀k	kábbílɪ̀k		kɪ́mbɪlɪ̀ŋ	kɪnɪkɪ́mbɪlɪ̀ŋ
be spoilt, rotten, angry	ʔdàsò	ʔdàsàʈò
be sufficient	ɛ́ɖɛ́kàk
bead	kɔrɗikiʈɛ̀ʈ	karɖòʔ		kurɔ̀k	kuurɔk	stone	nyarɗééɖàk	nyarɗaʔ
beam of light	kosín
beans	mùnṭɔ́kɪ̀s	mùnṭáʔ, mùɽáʔ		múɽasɪ̀k	muɽáʔ, munṭáʔ		múɽeɖàk	muɽáʔ
bear (child)	ʈíjùk	ʈijoʈaʈùk		ʈúje			ʈújù
beard	bíàk	kɪbíàkɪ̀k		ɓɛ̀k	kɪɓáʔ		kíja[k] kɪnáɖùk	kíja[k] kɪnakwúɖɪ̀ŋ
beat							bá	báɗà
beat	báʈɛ̀	báʈàʈà		ba	baɗa
beat (drum)	báá	bááʈà		bàɖe	bàɖà
because	kɛ
become	mána	máʈana
bed (split bamboo)	kulúŋkɪ̀s	kulúŋkò, kolóŋkò
bed (string)	ɛŋkɛrɛ́ʔ	kɛŋkɛrɛ́ʔ	< Beja via Arabic	aŋgarêŋ	kaŋgarêŋ	< Beja via Arabic
bedbug	kuṭúŋwaṭúŋɪnʈɛ̀ʈ		kuṭúŋwaṭúŋwà	kɔɽááɽùŋ
bee	ʈɪ́ju	kɪʈìjɔ	cf. honey
bee	ʈɪ́ju nʈɛ́ ɗál		‘child of honey’	ɗál aa ʈúju		‘child of honey’	ɗá[k] na ʈuju	kɪɗe[k] na ʈuju
beer	ʈɛrɛ̀			mɔɗú	kumɔɗɛ́ɛ́ʔ		ʈarɛʔ	kɪɖɛrɪk
before, in front of	lúlɔ̀, lúllò, lúlò		loc. of lúlò ‘head’	uss(w)ɪŋ
begin	verb + ɔnɔlúlɔ̀									from the verb bɔ́ʈɔkà ‘to cut’ and ama, amaʈa ‘to be about to’
behind	?ɛny
belly	óòm	kómɪ̀k		oŋ	kwóɖɛnɛk		koŋ	kwurɪ́ŋ		? cf. Southern Nilotic e.g. Pokot múù, for Temein, Jumjum kön, Mabaan kono for Tese etc.
below, down	kɪ́lla
big	ḿbù	kɪ́mbɪ̀k		úbù	kúbɪ̀k					cf. Keiga abulɔŋɔ, Lendu bɔ̀, Teda bu, Lugbara ambo, Teso -pol
big							ɗùrù	kumɔ́kɔràʔ		cf. Dongola Nubian dū́l, Dinik dúbɔ̀, Tama dúút, Bari dúmàʔ, Shilluk duoŋ, Berta Undu ‘dúúŋí,
bird	íawɛ̀ʔ	kawɛ́ʔ		nawɛʔ	kawɛ́ʔ		nɔ́ì	kwáì		cf. Kanga ndoi
bite	ɛ́wí	ɔ́wɔ́ɖɔ́		áwí	ʈáʈáɖá	also áwəɖɛ	áwí	áwúʈà
bitter	mpɪ́pɪ̀l						àfɪ̀lɪ̀k
black	nṭùṭɪ̀ŋ	kunṭùṭɪ̀ŋ		úɽúɽɪ́ŋ			ánɗúɽɪ́ŋ			cf. Keiga aɗuk, Gaam ɖùɪ́(n), Dilling uri, Kipsigis tʊ́ɪ̀, Acholi cɔ́ɔ̀l, Bongo luti, Masalit duuŋgi,
blacksmith				ʈɛ́ɛ́rəɖä̀k	ɛ́ɛ́rì
blacksmith	ɗéynìʔ na báʈàn	nɛ́ɛ̀ kina báʈàn		ʈɔɖɔháduʔ	kaaɖɔhaɖɪ́ʔ		ʈámɖaɗɔ̀k		< Kadu
black-throated dove							afíìbaɖèì	afálaɖòŋ
bless	kúú+ɛ + ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ	okú + ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ	lit. ‘blow with air’
blind	kɔ́púlɔ̀ʔ	kɪ̀kɔ́pulɪ̀k		kahulóʔ
blind	ṭuunṭu	kiṭuunṭu
blood	mónɪ̀ʈ			mönɪ̀k			monɪ̀k			? cf. Nilotic e.g. Acholi remo, also Kenga mosò, Daju Darfur támöke
blow (mouth)	kúú	kwɔ́ɔ́ʈɔ̀k		kúú	kwəɖa		kúú	kúúʈà
blow on fire	kúú	kɔ́ɔ́ʈɔ̀
blunt, dull	ja aʈɛ kɛ́ɛ̀ʔ		not sharp
blunt, dull	ʔdúklu ʔdúkuluk			asɪɖɪyɪk		‘has no teeth’
boat							múrkàb	kɪmúrkàb	< Arabic
body	kɪ̀líʔ			kɪlííʔ			kɪ́li
bone	àmɪ̀s	kɔ́maʔ		kɔmɛk	kɔ́maʔ		àmɪ̀k	kɔ́maʔ		Assuming the key element of the root is the mV- then cf. Murle amɛɛn, Dinik ááma, Uduk asima,
bow	moonɗí	kímóónɗì		kamɪɗɪ́ŋ
boy, child	ɗál	kɪɗɛ́l		dál	kányaŋ		ɗák nɖáámàk	kɪɗɪŋ kɪnɖáámɪ̀ŋ
brain	nyúl			majɔlɪ̀k	majɔl		ṭɔɛɛŋ
branch	sɪ́lɪmonɪ̀ʈ	kisɪ́lɪm
break	ŋwɔṭàk	ŋwɔṭaʈàk		nyányumà			áyyɔmà	áyyɔmàɖà
breast	nyɛlɪkɪʈɛ̀ʈ	kɪnyɛ́lɪ̀k		nyɛlɛɖə̀k	kɪnyɛlɪ̀k		kɪnyɛlɖàk	kɪnyɛlɪ̀k		cf. Lotuko nɛnayɪ,
breath							nyɪ́sɪlàk
breathe, rest	àŋáʈ			ŋɪ́səlà			nyɪ́səlèi	nyɪ́səlaɖèi
bring (here)	mɔ́ɔ́n ɛ̀	mɔ́ɔ́ʈài ɛ̀	lit. ‘come with’	aŋáɖɪk	aʈááɖɪk		akwɛ̀	aÿeikɛ̀
brother, his, her	aranyuná	karanyuná		arányunàʔ			ɔrɔ́inà
brother, my	aranyuná, nɔ̀ŋ			ɛrɪ́ŋɔ			arɪ́ŋà		my sibling
brother, your	ɔrɔnyunɔ́	kɔrɔnyunɔ́		örunò			ɔráinùŋ
buffalo	opún na kɔ̀rɔ̀m	kopún na kɔ̀rɔ̀m	bull of earth	lɪk	kɪláʔ
build	gánya	gányaʈà		áʈanyà	áʈanyaɖà		ŋànà	ŋànàɖà
building				áʈanyàk
bull	opún	kopún		ɔtɔ́rr	kwotɔ́rɪ̀k	< Arabic toor	opún	kopún
bull				kwɔ́láʔ			aʈʈáruk	kúʈaruk	< Arabic toor
bundle of thatching grass							ṭɔk
burn tr.				lásuɖu	lásuʈu					probably connected with widespread isi for ‘fire’
burn, light fire tr.	ukogú	ukoʈógu		nyúrɖɔ	nyúrʈɔ		ɗárkaɖù	ɗárkaɖaɖù	also light fire	cf. Berta Undu dáárà, Kadu ogudaana (which may combine both roots)
bury	aṭuká	aṭukáʈà
bush	ʈɪ́rfɛ						álelei kuɓɪŋ
but	aʔda, nyɔkɔ́nṭɛ
buttock	kuuruk	kukuuruk		ʈúhùŋ	kuɖuhò		kɪsámbáráŋ
buy	kɔ́lɔ́ʔbà	kɔ́lɔ́ʔbàʈà		kwɔ́labà			kwɔ́lbà	kwɔ́lbaɖà
call	kókwí	kókwáʈà		kwókwuɖà			kwuɖi	kwuʈʈà
camel	kámpúlàŋ	kíkámpúlàŋ		kammaláʔ	kammaláák
can, be able	áyák	áyáʈàk	cf. know
can, be able	gɪʈárà	gɪʈáràʈà	< Sudanese Arabic gadar
captured slave	ɖógoʈò	koɖógoʈò					ɖókoʈòŋ	kuɖókoʈòŋ		< Hill Nubian
carnivore, wild animal							ḍía na kuɓɪŋ	lέ[k] na kuɓɪŋ
carry (esp. on head), take	mɛ́ʈak	mɛ́ʈaʈak
carry here				aŋáɖɪk	aʈááɖɪk
carry there				ɖaɖɪk	eʈááɖɪk
cat	biis
cat	kaɖíìs		< Arabic				kaɖɛsɪk	kɪnɪ́ŋ kaɖɛsɪk	< Arabic
cat, wild				muɖurèʔ	kumuɖurɪ̀k		munɖurè	kumunɖurè
cattle corral				sàràŋ	kɪsàrɛ̀k		saraŋ	kɪsaraŋaɖɪk	also fence
chair, stool	murʈɪ́kà	kumurʈɪ́kà		boɽú	kɪ́boɽuk		ḍíà na gárfak		‘thing of sitting’
chameleon							ḍááràŋ	kɪḍááràŋ
charcoal	sɔ́k(g)ɔ́yumɪ̀ʈ	sákáyùm		sééɗə̀k	sák		lɪ́ŋ
cheek	kórómɪk	kókórómɪk
cheek	kúrúmɪk	kúkúrúmɪk		múkwolɪk	kúmokwɔ̀l
chest male							aɗɔk	kwɔɗɔɖɪŋ
chicken	kókoròk	kóókoròk		k(w)óóròk	kókoròk		kòròk	kwóórok
chief	sɪ́l	kɪsɪ́loʔ		wáárà	kwáárɪ̀k
child	ɗál	kɪɖɛ́l					ʈúrniɖàk	ʈúrnì
chin	gɛ̀rɛ̀ʔ	kɪgɛ̀rɛ̀ʔ		kɛ́bɛbɪ̀k	kábabàʔ		káɗaŋàk	kɪ́kɪɗaŋɪ̀k
chop, cut down tree	ṭɛnʈɛŋa	ṭɛnʈɛŋaʈa		kakalaha	kakalahaɖa
circumcise	ṭɪpá ṭɪŋɪ̀n	ṭɪpáʈa ṭɪŋɪ̀n	‘cut penis’
claw, nail	lúlɪ̀ʈ	kwóólɪ̀n		sɔjarɪ̀k	kɪsɔjarɔ̀ŋ		kɪ́saŋwarʈàk	kɪ́saŋarù		cf. Dilling ʃundi
clean	kɔṭɔ́kɔṭàk
climb away from speaker	kalak	kalaʈak
climb towards speaker	kolí	kalaʈái
cloth	kɪ̀ʈɪ̀ʔ	kɪ̀gɪ̀ʈɪ̀		káɖàʔ	kááɖàʔ		káʈɛ̀	kiáʈɛ̀
cloud	kɔbɔ́rʈɛ̀ʈ	kɔ́bɔ́rɔ̀ʈ		kabárɛɖə̀k	kábárɪ̀k		kubárɖàk	kubárɪ̀k	pl. = sky	cf. Kanga tifudo(k), Zaghawa burdu, Shilluk polo
club							ɗáluk	kɪɗáluk
coffee	bunn		plant ? < Amharic
coffee	gahwa		drink < Arabic
cold	njùlùn	kunjùlùn		anyɔ́l			ajullùk			cf, Berta Undu àgʊ́ʊ́rù, Bagirmi ùlù, Ilit sulluma
cold, very							ajúlukjúlùk
come	mɔ́ɔ́n	mɔ́ɔ́ʈài		áàŋ, ɛ́ɛ̀ŋ	áʈàì		áù	áʈei		cf. Kanga ande, So ac, Kunama aw, Berta Undu àdò, Yulu áì, Moru aɽi,
cook porridge, sauce	pisɔ̀	pisɔʈɔ̀		öɗumò	öɗumòɖo
cook something	ɛlùk	ɛkaʈùk					áwíɖì	áwíʈaɖà
corpse	ɗéénì nʈɛ́ bulɪ̀n	nɛ́ɛ̀ʔkɪnʈɛ́
correct	sàhíí		< Arabic śaḥiiḥ
cotton	opúkɔ̀			ɔrɔ̀ʔ	kɪsɔrɔ̀ʔ		áwaràʔ
cough (v.)	sɛ́nsɛlà	sɛ́nsɛlaʈà		ɔ́ɔ́lèi (once)	ɔ́lɔ (often)		ɔ́ɔ́lèì	ɔɔlaɖèì
cough n.							ÿɔlɔ
count	ṭíṭɪkà	ṭíṭɪkàʈa		kɪ́ra	kɪ́raɖà		kɪ́rʈi	kɪ́rʈaɖà
cow				kwállàʔ
cow	ńʈɛ̀ŋ	kɪ́ʈúk		ɛɖɛ̀ŋ	kwúɖùk		aɖɛ̀ŋ	kuɖuk
crawl, creep, kneel	kuṭukú	kuṭukóʈu
crocodile				tɪmsá(h)	kúʈúmsùŋ	< Arabic timsāḥ	kɪmányáliyàʔ	kumɔ́kɔràʔ
crowd	ʔbúúʔbulɔ̀ʈ
cry, weep, shout	wujìk	wujoʈɔ̀k		wujì			ójà	ájaêà
cure, mend, repair	áṭɪ́ŋɪnʈàk	áṭɪ́ŋɪnʈàʈàk
curse	mɔ́rak	mɔ́raʈak
cut	bɔ́ʈɔkà	bɔ́ʈɔkaʈà, bɔ́ʈɔkaʈài		káɽahà	káɽahaɖà		kwɔ́ɽɔfɔ	kwɔ́ɽɔfɔɖɔ
cut, slit	ṭɪpá	ṭɪpáʈa					kwɔ́ɽɔfɔ	kwɔ́ɽɔfɔɖɔ
dance n.							bɪ́lɪk
dance v.	mɪ́là	mɪ́laʈà		bɪ́lá	bɪ́láɖa		bɪ́láʔ	bɪ́laɖà
daughter	púsùŋ	kɪpúsùŋɪ̀k		ɗàl ɛ́nnàŋ		+ female
day (counting)	kwáàʔ		lit. sleep				kwáàʔ
daytime		wuuiny		unyɪŋ			ŋóóròŋ
dead	bulɪ̀n
deaf	mɪ́rí	kɪ̀mɪ́rɪ̀n		mɛrííʔ			mɪ́ri	kɪmɪriyàʔ
die	nyɪ́mùk	nyɪmáʈaʈùk								cf. Krongo ááyà, Nyang’i iɲal, Tama eyà, Lotuxo yɛ, Kenga oyo,
die				ʈábalà	búláɖà		ʈábalà	búláɖà		cf. Ik bad-on,
difficult, heavy	njɛljɛl
difficult, heavy	nʈɛ̀nnɛ̀			annɛ́ʔ
dig	ììʈì	ììʈáʈɔ̀		kö̀	kö̀ɖö̀		aiʈi	aiʈaɖà
dikdik	wɪ́r	kuwɪ́ráŋɪ̀k		kuríʔ	k(w)úúriʔ		kwuríí	kukurííyàʔ
dirty	káŋulɪ̀k
disperse something	ɔfirɔ	ɔfirɔʈɔ
divide	gɪsɪmʈak		< Arabic
divide	mina	minaʈa	(?)
divorce, drive away	lugwíʈɔ́k	lugwíʈɔ́ʈɔ́k
do				lɪ́mɪɖà	lɪ́mɪʈà
dog	óòʔ	kwéèn		òòʔ	kwɛŋ		kòòʔ	kweŋ	also moon month
dog, wild							kòòʔ na kuɓɪŋ	kweŋ na kuɓɪŋ
donkey	kwóʈɛnɖìr	kukwóʈɛnɖìri		kɪ́llikɛwɪ̀k	kɛllɪkawàʔ		kúlkɔ́ŋ	kúlkwáí
door	ʷúún	kúúnìk		tɪ́llayàʔ	kɪɖɪ́llayɪ̀k		ʈɪ́llɛ̀ʔ	kɪɖɪ́llɛ̀ʔ
door of branches	ʈɛ́ɛ́làʔ	kɪʈɛ́ɛ́làʔ		bɪlgɪ̀ny	kibɪlgɪ̀ny
door of wood	ṭɔŋṭɔŋ	kɪṭɔŋṭɔŋi
doorway							áɖu[k] na nyamaɖɪ̀k
dove	ṭɪ́ṭɪ̀m	kɪṭɪ́ṭɪmìyy	yellow-throated dove	əbbɪ̀k	abboŋ		afóì	afóŋ	yellow-throated dove
down	kɪlla			kwaroŋ, kwɔrɔŋ			ɪlléle [?]
dream (v.)	ɔ́ɔ́gɔʈɪ̀k			awaɖɪk		n.	áwɛɛɖàk
dress (v.)	iiʈú	iiʈáʈú		kuɖukurɪŋ	kuɖuhaaɖarɪŋ
drink	awsà	awsaʈà		máʈɪla	máʈɪlaɖa		ɔ́sà	ɔ́sɔɖà
drum							ánɗɛ̀ŋ	kɛnɪ́nɗɛ̀ŋ
drunk	ausaʈ		verbal noun from ausà
dry season	pɛlɛɲ
dry, empty	rààri			ɛɖɪnyàr			ṭáárɪ̀k	kɛɽáárɪ̀k	dry, empty, hard
dum palm	apurṭɛkɪʈ	apurṭɛ		ṭaɗɛ́manyáʔ	ṭaɗɛ́manyɪ́k
dumb, foolish	koʈikoli
dung							week	kuwéék	of cow
dura	mórɪŋɪnʈɛ̀ʈ (one grain)	mórɪŋɪs (one head of grain)	mórɪŋ	mörɪnyɪ̀k	mörɪ̀ŋ		marɪŋyɪ̀ɖàk	mərɪŋ
dust	wúlṭò			ṭuŋ			ṭúŋ
dwarf	ɔŋgɔrɔ́ŋɪnʈɛ̀ʈ	ɔŋgɔrɔ́ŋ
ear	wénàʈ	kwèén		ŋwánɪk	kwɛ́ɛ́ŋ		wanək	kwɛ̀ŋ		cf. Gaam wind, Liguri unɛʈɛ, Tama ùtu, Murle itat,
early morning	ʔjooʔjoon
earth, soil, ground	kɔ̀rɔ̀m			kɔrɔŋ			kwɔ́rɔk
eat	láma	lámaʈà		láma	lámaɖà		láma	lámaɖà		cf. Gaam nàm, Lugbara ɲá, Songhay nã, Kunama ŋa, Tama ŋàn, ? Ama tàm,
eat one’s fill	gumàk	gumaʈàk
eat together	lamana	lamaʈána
egg	warɪs	kwaraʔ		kwɔrɛk	kwaraʔ		kwɔrɛɖàk	kwaraʔ		cf. Nara ware, Daju Sila wálace. If the plural k- prefix is old, the many forms across Nilo-Saharan of the type #kol- including Songhay guri woud be cognate.
eight	kɔ́ŋɔnʈɪ̀n			kéṭàʔ			aɓɓà
elbow	rɪ́pìʔ	kɪrɪ́pìʔ		kwóɽörɛ̀k			ṭɔŋwɔrɛ̀k	kuɽɔŋwɔrɛ̀k
elephant	lɔ́ŋɔ̀n	kɪlɔ́ŋɔ̀nɪ̀k		lɔ́ŋɔ̀l	kɪlɔ́ŋɔlɪk		lɔ́ŋɔ̀ŋ	kúlɔ́ŋɔ̀ŋ
eleven							ámù[k] fuɖɪ́ gɪ́ɗɗe
empty				ʈáámɛ̀	kɪɖáámɪ̀k
empty, dry	rààrì			ʈɔ́mɛ̀	kuɖɔ́mɪ̀k	< Daju
enclosure, corral	gɛ̀ʈ	kɪgɛ̀ʈɪ̀n		araká	kɪsárakaɖɪ̀n
enemy	ɔɗɔn	ɗosoʔ	also ‘stranger’, ‘slave’
enter	ʔdii	ʔɖiaʈanai	(to speaker)
enter	ʔduu	ʔbulɔʈu, ʔbulaʈanai	(from speaker)
evening	nèègí, nɛ̀ɛ̀gí
everywhere	láàŋɪni kɛ̀ṭɛ́kɛ̀ʈ		‘place in all’
ewe	kɪríàŋ	kɪkɪríàŋ		kʷɔ́gɔmɪ̀k	kʷɔ́gɔmàʔ		kokomeɖàk	kɔ́kɔ́mɛ́k
exit	ʔdii	ʔɖiaʈanai	(to speaker)
exit	ʔɖuu	ʔbulɔʈu	(from speaker)	ɖákɪŋ
eye	nɪ́ŋɪ̀nàʈ	kɛ̀ɛ́n		náánɪ̀k	kɛ́nyɪ̀ŋ		náŋanàk	kɪɗákɪŋyɛ̀ŋ	face = kɪ́nyɛ́ŋ	cf. Mangbetu nɛ́ŋɔ̀, Ama aŋɛ̀, Dinka ɲin,
face	kɛ̀ɛ́n		lit. ‘eyes’	kɛ́nyɪ̀ŋ		lit. ‘eyes’	kɪ́ŋyɛ́ŋ		cf. eyes in Nilotic
faeces, excrement	ɔŋɪ̀s	kɪ́ŋɔ		kínyòʔ			kɪŋyàʔ	kɪ́ŋyáá
fall (rain)							lè
fall (v.)	ʈurò	ʈuraʈò		bɛɖɛlà			armulà	armulaɖà	fall from level
fall from	nyúnyákì	nyúnyaʈákì
fall from height							saguɖulà
family	rágàʔ	kɪ́rágàʔ
fan, deleb palm	papɪs	kipapa		fahɪk	kɪfafááʔ
far	ŋgɔnɔrràŋ		stem = ràŋ	aḍd)ákɪŋ			keewáɗɗáwɛ̀ŋ
fat	ʔbɛ̀kàn	ʔbɛ̀kàʈàʈ		lúmwullɛ̀		people	ɗokorok
fat a.							kɪlɪmunnàŋ	kɪʈɛ́ɛ́lɪmuɖannàŋ
fat n.	kɪṭínyɔ̀			nányɛ́ɖə̀k	nányàʔ	pl. kɪnányàʔ	ḍokorok			cf. Ilit anya, Ciita yin, Bari nyiret,
father, my	ápà			apà			áfa			cf. Tulishi apa, Ama aba, Meidob abbá, Berta Undu àbbá etc.
father, your				konò			kweinuŋ			cf. Kamdang kɔ,
fear (v.)	wɔ̀nɔ̀	wɔ̀ʈɔ̀nɔ̀		ö́ri	ö́riɖɛ̀		arlɛ̀k	arlɛɖɛ̀k
feather	k(w)ómpɛrɪ̀ʈ	k(w)ómpɛr		kuhúhúɖə̀k	kúhúhùk		àguruk	kugúru
female							[nɖa]lmɛ̀	kunɖóólɪ̀k
fence	lálàʔ	kílálàʔ		aak	kwoor(u)parɪk
fence, enclosure
few	kárɖìʔ
few tears							kalakɔ́màʔ
field	ɔ́jɔ̀m	kɔ́jɔ́mɪ̀k		fɔ́k	kuhaɖàʔ		agɛŋ	kɛ́ɛ́mɪ̀k
fifteen							ámù[k] fuɖɪ́ gɪ́ḍɛŋàk
fifty							ʈeaɗi kɛ kɪ́ɗenàk
fig, wild	ópujɪ̀ʈ	ápɔ̀s	cf. Arabic jammēz
fight, struggle (n.)	áʔɖáʈ
fill something	píkú	píkóʈù					kwɔ́rnyù	kwɔ́rnyaɖù
find, see, discern	ɗɪka	ɗɪkaʈa
finger	nínàʈ nʈɛ́ ɗál	kɛ́n nʈɛ́ kɪɖɛ́l	hand + child	ɗálanɪ̀k	kányagááyɪ̀ŋ	child of hand	ɖá[k] na nánàk	kɪɗágɛ́ŋ
finish something	mɔrú	mɔrɔʈú
finish, cease, stop	mɔrú	mɔrɔʈú
fire	pɔ́ɗɪ̀ŋ	kɪ̀pɔ́ɗɪ̀ŋɪ̀k		pö́ḍɪ̀ŋ	kɪpö́ḍɪ̀ŋ		fáɗɪ̀ŋ	kɪfáɗɪ̀ŋ		cf. Bongo pfoɗu, Bagirmi podu
firewood	mɛ́rɛŋ			márɛnyɪ̀k	márɛ̀ŋ		maranyɪ̀k	mɛɛrɛk
first	lúlɔ̀, lɔ́lɔ̀
fish	kálálɪ̀s	kálálàʔ	also lálìs	álélɪk	kálálaʔ		kɛ́lɛ́ɖak	káála		cf. Tulishi kalowa’ (fishes), So kɔlɛʔ, Dongolawi kā́rɛ, Kara kánza, Turkana ekolia
fist							nánàk nḍɪ́ŋɪlà
five	ŋgɛ́ɗɗàʈ, ŋgɛ́ɗɪnàʈ, ɗínaʈ			keḍinàk)			kɪ́ɗenàk
flame				ŋáɗɪmàk ya hö́ɗɪ̀ŋ	kɪŋáɗɪmàk kɛ hö́ɗɪ̀ŋ	tongue of fire
flame	panaʈ	kipanaʈi		údùk ya hö́ɗɪ̀ŋ	kwúɗɪ̀ŋ kɛ hö́ɗɪ̀ŋ	mouth of fire	lílíŋàk
flat rock							ṭáfálɪ̀k	kɪɽafáálì
flee, run away, fall from	ɲúnyákì	ɲúnyaʈákì
flood	mɔ́nɔ́ŋ
floor, earth, ground	kɔ̀rɔ̀m
flower	ʈogɔ́yokɪʈɛ̀ʈ	ʈogɔ́yokɪʈà		ʈuliɖä̀	ʈolɛŋ		ʈulɛnyiɖàk	ʈulɛŋ
fly n.	ɔ́ŋɪ̀s	kɔ́ŋàʔ		kɔ́ŋwɛ̀k	kɔ́ŋwàʔ		kɔ́ŋwɛ̀k			cf. Lugbara óŋú, Liguri Daju aŋax,
fly, rise, stand up	ŋɛ́ʈàk	ŋɛ́ʈaʈàk		pó	ʈuhóʈó		fúfúŋò	fufúŋáʈáɖò
follow	oŋiʈi, aŋiʈi	oŋiʈaʈɔ
food	lámàʈ	kɪlámàʈɪ̀k		lámàk			lámàk
foot, leg				ɔ́llòk	kwɔ́óaɖɛ̀		állùk	kwúlɖɪ̀ŋ		cf. Mamwu kalʊ (leg), Gaam lúɖ, Berta Sillok lu (leg)
foot, leg	áwàʈ	kwúlʈɪ̀n								cf. Krongo àwwà
forbid	ányɛk	ányɛʈak
forehead							ṭáŋa	kɪɽáŋa
foreigner, stranger	ɔɗɔn	ɗosoʔ					áɗɛ̀ŋ nɖóɖɪ̀ŋ	nɛ̀ɛ̀ʔ kɪnɖóɖɪ̀ŋ
forest, bush	ɔ̀gɔ̀ʈ			áámɔ̀			álelei kuɓɪŋ
forge (v.)	bàʈi ṭɪ́ṭɪʈ	bàʈaʈà ṭɪ́ṭɪʈ		bàɖè	bàɖà	to strike	bá	báɖà
forget	ʈɔ̀ɔ̀lu	ʈɔ̀ɔ̀lɔʈu
forty							ʈeaḍi kɛ kwɔŋwɔŋ
four	kɔ́ŋɔn			kwɔ́ŋùŋ			kwɔŋwɔŋ
fox							ṭaŋarɪk	kɪṭaŋarɪk
friend	wórɪ́nyà	kórɪ́nyànɪ̀		úrunyɪ̀ŋ	kúrunyɔ̀		ɔrɔŋyɪ́ŋ
frog, toad	kwúɗóʔ	kúkwúɗóʔ		kwuɗóʔ	kwúúɗóʔ		aʈáuɗaʔ	kɪ́ʈáuɗɪ̀k
full	kapúkanùk			kɪjɛnɛ			kégwɔ́rnyunàŋ
gather	oʔbulɔ	oʔbulɔʈɔ
gecko							kafunḍóliyòʔ	kɪnɪ́ŋ kafunḍóliyòʔ
giraffe				kɔbɔrɛ̀ʔ	kɔ́ɔ́bɔrɛ̀k
giraffe	mɪrɪ́n	kɪmɪrɪ́nɪ̀k		mɪrɪ́l	kɪmɪrláʔ		mɛrlɪk	kɪmɛrliyàʔ
girl	púsùŋ	kɪpúsùŋɪ̀k		ɗál iɖa nàmɛ̀ʔ	kányaŋ kiɖóllɪk
give	okú	okuʈɔ̀kù		ʈɪn	ʈɪnaɖà		ʈɪņi	ʈɪņɖi
give back	ɛɖákì	ɛɖákiaʈákì
go	ìʈák	ìʈàʈák		ɪ́ɖɖà	ɪ́ʈà		ɪņɖá	aʈá		cf. Didinga to, Bari tu, Berta Undu àdá, Mabaan ootta,
go and meet someone	urɔ	urɔʈɔ
go down	gɪro	gɪraʈo
go up (away from speaker)	kalak	kalaʈak
go up (towards speaker)	kolí	kalaʈái
goat (f.)	nâ	kàɪ́		náʔ	lígáátə̀k		naʔ	kai
goat (m.)	kwɔ́ɔ̀rlàʔ	kukwɔ́ɔ̀rlàʔ, kukúrlàʔ		kwɔ́rɔmàl	kwúrumàlɔ̀ʔ		kɔrmak	kɔrmɪ̀k
goat, male							kɔrmak	kɔrmɪ̀k
God, rain, sky	náŋanàʈ			Ɓáròʔ		= ‘shadow, spirit’	masalɪ̀k		< Kadu Masala
good	nʈóbàn	konʈóbàn, kunʈóbàn		ö́yyòʔ	anaɖítòʔ		áyùk	áʈò		cf. Lotuxo ol-oyyu,
goodbye	ìʈák ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ ókúúʈɪ̀n		Go and the world blow upon you
goodbye	ìʈík kɛ nʈábàn	ìʈàʈák kɛ konʈíbàn	Go well	körönyɪk	kaaraŋ
gourd				tááɖaɖàk	kɪɖááɖaɖàk		nɗɔ̀ŋ	kɪnɗɔ̀ŋ
gourd	ṭɔ́ŋ	kɪ̀ṭɔ́ŋàʔ					áyùk	áʈò
gourd	ṭɔ́ŋ	kɪ́ṭɔ́ŋàʔ		púnyɔŋ	kuhúnyɔnɪ́k		kárḍɛ̀ŋ	kiáárḍɛ̀ŋ	gourd small
granary	ʈálàp	kɪ́ʈálàpɪ́k		dúnnùŋ	kudúnnɪ̀		farɪk	kɪfarɪk
grass	ɔ́yɔ́mɪ̀ʈ	ɔ́yɔ́m		áyòŋ	áyòŋɖə̀k		áyòŋɖàk	áyòŋ
grave, tomb	ṭúkanàʈ	kuṭúkanàʈ		ṭwáánɪ̀k	koɽóónàʔ		ṭuanàk	kuɽuánɛ̀
green	yɔ́yɔm	kiyɔ́yɔmɪ̀		emɪmɪ̂l			aŋgarmàʔ
grindstone for oil							ánɗulùk	kánɗulùk
ground				ʈábbàŋ	kɪ́ɖabbèk
ground between khors							ʈufɔ̀k	kʉɖufɔ̀k
groundnut	ʈómpúkɪʈɛ̀ʈ	ʈámpúkò		kwáásɪ́lɪɖä̀l	kwáásɪ́l		akuɖubeɖàk	akuɖubò
guinea-fowl							nánɪ̀ŋ	kɪ́ŋ
guinea-worm							fɪrɪnɖídɪk	kɪfɪrɪnɖídɪk
hail	koroŋɪ̀ʈ	kíkaraŋ
hair	jɛ́ʈɪ̀ʈ	kɪ́jɛ̀ʈ		kijáɖɪ̀k	kíjàk		kíjaɖàk	kíjàk		cf. Ama jè,
hand, arm	nínâʈ	kɛ́n		ɛ́nnɛ̀k	kɛ́ŋ		nánák	kɛ́ŋ		cf. So ân, Lotuxo aanɪ, Toposa akan, Ilit kona,
happy	màksúúʈ		< Arabic mabsuuṭ	óòmɔ̀nʈóbàn		‘good in belly’
happy	óòmɔ̀ nʈóbàn		lit. ‘good belly’
hard, dry, empty	nʈɪ̀rààrɪʔ			nyàrɪ̀			ṭáárɪ̀k	kɛɽáárɪ̀k
hare	ʈíàʈ	kɪʈíàʈì		sák	kɪsɛŋ	cf. charcoal	ʈɛ̀k	kɪɖɛ́k
hartebeest	káburàŋɛ̀	káburàŋɪ̀k		asɪnɪ́k	kasunó
harvest (n.)	pílɔn
harvest (v.)	píli	píloʈɔ
has							aʈɛ
has, he	áʈɛ
hate (v.), refuse, dislike	ányak	ányaʈak
have, I	ŋáʈáʈɛ
have, they	áʈáʈɛ
hawk							nɔ́i na gwóóròk
he, she	nákà			ɛnnáʔ			nɛ́
head	lulò	k(w)olúlɪ̀n, kululɪ̀n		óllò	kúllìɖɪ̀ŋ		állò	kwúlɖɪ́ŋ		cf. Dinik ɔ́r, Gaam ɔ́l, Meidob or,
hear	ʈóŋwà	ʈóŋwàʈà		ʈuŋwa	ʈuŋwaðà		ʈɔŋwa	ʈɔŋwaɖà		cf. Ilit tüka
heart (physical)	óòm	ṭɔ́ɔ́mà	also seat of emotions							? cf. Tama àmùl
heart (physical)				ḍalááɖónò	kɪdááɖónɪ̀k		ɗanááɖonò	kɪɗááɖonò		cf. Kanga ɖunugu
hearth, fireplace		láàŋ ná pɔ́ɗɪ̀ŋ	kɪ̀láánʈɪ̀k kɪná		kɪmsɛ́msi
heavy	nʈɛ̀nnɛ̀	kɪnʈɛ̀nnɛ̀		ánnɛ̂ʔ			aŋŋɛ̀k	naaɖɪ́nnɛ̀k
heel							nanɖɪɖɪ̀k	kɛnɖɪɖɪ̀k
hello	ʔja nʈɪ́kɛ nʈóbàn	ʔja kíʈɪ́kɛ konʈóbàn	Are you not well?
help	mákì baŋa	maʈákì ~
here	nʈàkànì			aláŋ			ánú
hide	ʔbɪ́lónòk	ʔbɪ́laʈónòk
hide something	ʔbɪ́li	ʔbɪ́láʈɔ̀
hippopotamus	opún na múŋ		‘bull of water’	algɪrɪ́nʈì	kaalgɪrɪ́nʈì	< Arabic girinti	opún na muŋ	kopún na muŋ	‘bull of water’
his, her father	kɔ́nyúnɔ̀	kányúnà		kɔnyunà			kwainá
hit	báá	bááʈà		ɓa, baɖa			báɖì	báʈʈà	strike
hit	báʈɛ̀	báʈàʈà	[or ɖ]
hoe n.	kɪɽɪ́ɲ	kɪkɪɽɪ́ɲ		ṭɔ́gwɔ̀ŋ	kɔ́ɽɔgwɔ̀ŋ		ṭɔŋɔ́ŋ	kuɽɔŋɔ́ŋ
hoe v.							léí	láêéí
hoeing							lɛ́ɛ́ŋ
hold, grasp, catch	kɔ́mùk	kɔ́mɔʈɔ̀k		kömu	kömuɖa		kəmu	komaêà
hole	(w)úún	kúúnɪ̀k		uuŋ	kunik
honey	ʈɪ́ju		also ‘bee’	ʈúju			ʈuju	kuɖuju
horn	kɪ́nɪʈ	kɪ́n		kinɪk	kɪŋ		kiŋik	kiŋíà		cf. Kipsigis kúínò,
horn, instrumental							ʈɪrikɔk	kùʈúrùkìyòʔ
horse	mánʈà	kɪmánʈà	[could be ɖ not a ʈ]	móʈòʔ	komóʈòʔ		mɔ̀ʈò	kumɔ̀ʈɔ̀
house	nyáà, nyuáà	kwíìʔ		ɓɔ́k	kubö́ö́ɖɪ̀ŋ		ɓok	kwik
how many?	ɗɛɛkɛ̀ɛ̀			aba			ɗɛ́ɛ́
how?	ŋɛ́ɛ́nɔ́			ɛbei			alkáí		How is it?
hundred	sakar ŋgɛ́mmùk						ʈeaɗi kɛ mùk
hungry, be	nánàŋ ɔ́tù		‘hunger kills [me]’	nanàŋ		hunger	nánàŋ		hunger
hungry, be	aʈak
hunt (v.)	ɛsiʈuk	ɛsʈaʈuk		ɪɖɖa lámɔ	ɪʈá lámɔ	go hunting	ɪņɖá lamɔ	aʈá lamɔ
hunting	lɔ́m	lám					lamɔk
hyena, spotted	ŋóŋóŋ	kuŋóŋóŋí		agwúúk	kwugwóóʔ		aŋwúk	kúŋwuàʔ
hyena, striped							séégàʔ	kɪséégàʔ
I, me	nán			náŋ			náŋ			cf. Bari nân, Acholi an, Gaam áán,
immediately, suddenly	koomoʈoni
inside	ɛnɛ lááŋ		lááŋ= place
intestines, guts	kwúrúnyɪʈ	kwúrúny		kwurɪ́ŋɪdə̀k	kwurɪ́ŋ		kwúrɪ́ŋy
iron	ṭɪ́ʈɪʈ	kɪṭɪ́ṭì	sg. = ‘piece of iron’	alilliiɖək	alelèʔ		lelɪk	alelɪk	< Keiga
jackal	bɔ̀rɔ̀l	kɪbɔ̀rɔ̀lì		waaŋ	kwaanɪk		waŋ	kuwaŋ	cf. Dinka awàn
jaw	guṭɔkɪ̀ʈ	kigɔṭɔ̀k		kɛ́bɛbɪ̀k	kábabàʔ		kɛbɛkɛbɛ́ʔ	kɪbɛkɛ́beʔ
jaw	ṭuṭokɪ̀ʈ	koṭoṭak
judge (v.)	ákumá	ákumáʈa	< Arabic
jump (v.)	ṭáŋkɪrà	ṭáŋkɪràʈà
Keiga Jirru							ḍóni
kick	báá ɛ áwàʈ	bááʈà	hit with foot
kidney	kɪ́gɪ̀n
kidney	kurwɪɲ			kuməɖä̀k	kumɔ̀ŋ		ɗá[k] na kumàŋ	kiɗá kumàŋ
kill	ɔ́ʈù	ɔ́ʈóʈù		óɖò	óɖoɖò		áɖù	áɖaɖù		cf.Bongo atun, Bari tatʊ,
knee	nɔ́ŋgù	kɪnɔ́ŋgù, kɪnɔ́ŋgùʈɪ̀n		nóù	kə́wɪ̀ŋ		nóù	kɪnóù		cf. Bari kuŋú, Mabaan uŋu,
kneel, crawl	kuṭukú	kuṭukóʈu
knife	pókò, pógò	kɪ́pókò, kúpókò, kópókò		sakínɪ̀ʔ	kɪsákinɪ̀ʔ		ʈoroŋ	kuɖoroŋɛ̀ʔ
know	áya(k)	áyáʈà(k)		ɛ́ɛ́ʔ	ááɖɛ̀		ái	áyaɖɛ̀		cf. Tama ajili, Maasai a-yioló, Ik iyes,
kokaab							kányamuràʔ	kɛnɪŋkányamuràʔ
kujur							múseeʔ	kumúseeʔ
lake, pool, pond	kúlàʔ	kukúlàʔ		surwóó	kusurwóó		lɔfɔŋ	kulɔfɔŋ
lamb, kid	kɔ́rɔ́màn	kukúrúmùn
land-monitor	gɔ́ŋgɔrɔ̀ŋ	kɪgɔ́ŋgɔrɔŋɪ̀k		karaɓúŋ	kááraɓáʔ		ŋárábú	kɪŋárábú
language, word, speech	lɔ́ŋɔʈ			ílák		cf. word	alŋak
last, final	kinʈɪrɪk
laugh (v.)	ŋolɪlì	ŋolɪʈaʈàʔ		mɛ́lʈɪɖà	mɛ́lʈɪʈà		kúɽɪʃɪɖà	kúɽɪʃʈaɖà
leaf				?			ṭoorɛɖàk	ṭaaro		Tese < Kadu e.g. Tulishi kin-ʈaro/ø-
leaf	kɔ́bùkɪ́ʈ	kabó								cf. Luo oboke, ? Tama aful
leave off something	suku	sukoʈu
leave, let alone	jɔŋgwa	jɔŋgwaʈa
left hand	nínàʈ nʈɛ́ kɔ́kɔ́lɛ̀ʔ			ɛ́nnɛ̀k ɪɖááʔ kule			nánà[k] na kwáálɛ̀
leopard	ɔlúŋ	kɔlúŋɪ̀k		ʈunnuʔ	kuɖunnuʔ		ʈojoròʔ	kuɖojoròʔ
leper							áḍɛ̀ŋ na ʈónyɪ̀ŋ	nɛ̀ɛ̀gɪna ʈónyɪ̀ŋ
leprosy							ʈónyɪ̀ŋ
lick	ɗénɗenyàk	ɗénɗenyaʈàk		nánnányiɖà	nánnányiʈà		ɗaŋei	ɗaŋaɖei
licking							áɗainyɪɖàk
lie (v.)	ilɛŋéì ʔɖuyaŋaʈ
light (not heavy)	pùl, pwɔ̀l	kɛpwɔ̀l		yɛhálhallɪ̀k			nyɪfɛlfɛllɛ̀k
light fire	ukú	ukóʈa		kúú	kwəɖa
light leather							fáyuŋ	kɪfáyuŋ
lightning	ámakalàn			biɖɪnàŋ			làmà[k] na nók
lightning	nyamaʈa
lion	kámpɪ̀ŋ	kɪ́kámpɪ̀ŋɪ̀k [or kɪ́kámpɪ̀ŋɪ̀kì]		ásaɖ	ásaɖa	< Arabic	ʈiamùk	agamù
live, dwell				kárpànà	kárpàɖànà
liver	múrɪ̀ʈ	kɪmúrʈɪkɔ̀		múrɪ̀k	kúmúrɪ̀k		múrɪ̀ŋ	kúmúrɪ̀ŋ		cf. Ama máɽɪ̀ɲ, Teso emaɲ, Songhay dāmal, Zaghawa màán
lizard	kɔ́ŋgɔlɔ̀s	kɪ́ŋgɔlɔ̀ʔ		kikɪ́lbaʈúrɛ̀	kííkɪ́lbaʈúrɛ̀
locust	wulɪ̀ʈ	kwulɪ̀n		wulɪ̀k	kwulɛ̀ŋ		allɪ́k	kwulɪk
long				sagal(l)áʔ			asaŋaláʔ	asɛsaŋalɪ́k		< Kadu e.g. Keiga -asagala
long	njɔ́rʈàʔ, njɔ́rʈàk	kɪnjɔ́rʈàʔ, kɪnjɔ́rʈàk								cf. Gaam jáár, ? Ilit geer-a,
lose something	wayaŋa	wayaŋaʈa
louse	gámuíʈìʈ	gámul	< Arabic قملة	gámùl		< Arabic	kɪ́ɖɪɖɪɖàk	kɛ́ɖɛɖɪ̀ŋ		cf. Kadu kiɖikiɖik, Tama itti, Meidob iidi, Nara ʃitti
love, like	ɗárà	ɗáràʈà		dára	dáraɖà
lower lip	íʈùk nɖɛɛlàʔ			lanyɪ́k ya ʈuhalɪŋ			áɖù[k] ɪllɛ́rwòk
lung	kúpùk	kukupúkɪ̀		púpɪ̀k	púpɔ̀
mad, crazy	lúlònʈɛ̀n	kwolúʈɪ̀n kíʈɪ̀k	lit. head bad
maize	sɪlúŋ	sɪlúŋṭɛ̀ʈ		mɛrɪgä́ä́rì	mɛrɪgä́ä́rìɖä̀k		manáŋgarʈàk	manáŋgarɪ̀k	dura of the Greeks
make hole							fwɔyà	fwɔyaɖà
make, do	mà	màʈà		ä́ɽɪgɪɖà	ä́ɽɪgɪʈò
make, do, create	mà	màʈà		əɽɪgɪɖà	əɽɪgɪʈà		ámʈà	ámʈaɖà
male							[nɖa]màk	kɪnɖáámɪ̀ŋ
man (vir)	kwórʈòʔ	kwóròʔ	< Nubian e.g. Kadaru kworto	ʈam(m)aɖám(m)àk	ʈákak		áɗɛŋ ņɖáámàk	ŋɛ̀ɛ̀ kɪnɖáámɪ̀ŋ		cf. Tama máá
many	kɛ́lṭɪ̀ŋ, ɛ́mbɛrɛ̀n, ɛ́mbɛràn
many				ajjáŋ
many							káʈábák			cf. Katcha (k)aɖagbo
market	kɔ́lɔ́ʔbɪ̀ʈ	kɔkɔ́lɔ́ʔbɪ̀ʈ		dakulabana
market	súúk		< Arabic	asúk	kəsuk	< Arabic
marry (men)	àràmà	àràmàʈà
marsh				ɗagi	kɪɗagi
mat				albɪ́rɪs	káálbɪrɪs	< Arabic
mat	bɪ́rɪsù	kɪbɪ́rɪsù	< Arabic	bɪròʃ	buruuʃ	< Arabic	albɪrsɪ̀k	kalbɪrsɛ̀	< Arabic
maternal grandmother							ám n-ánnà
meat	nʈɛ̀ʈɪ̀ʈɛ̀ʈ	nʈɛ̀ʈ
meat				liɖə̀k			bɪlanɖàk (one piece) ɪnɖàk	kɪnɖaɖɪ̀k	archaic, formerly ɪlɖàk	cf. Tulishi tu’-da’, Mbay dã̀, Kreish àtə́, Kanuri da
medicine, root	mɔ́rɔ̀ʔ	kɪmɔ́rɔ̀ʔ		muréék	kumɔrɔ		móreɖàk	komórò
meet so. coming in opposite direction	urɔnɔ	wɔʈɔnu
milk (n.)	kíí			sàáʔ			kíí
milk (v.)	kɔ́njulúk	kɔ́njulɔ́ʈɔ̀k		ɗúúɖu	ɗúúʈu		kweilu	kweilɛɖà
modern medicine	ɖáwà		< Arabic				ɖáwà
monkey	rusɪ́n	kurusɪ́ni		alimaŋ	kaləmi
moon, month	kóù	kikówɪ̀n		káù	kə́wɪ̀ɲ		kòòʔ	kweŋ
morning	ɛlɛnyi
mosquito	ɔ́mɪs	kɔ́ma					kumɛɖàk	kumɛ̀ʔ
mother, his, her	áŋúnà			ámmunà			ámuna
mother, my	áyáʔ			ä́ʈɛ̀			ɪ́nnà
mother, our							ɪ́ŋŋà sɔŋɔ
mother, their							ámunanyɔ
mother, your	ɔ́ŋúnɔ̀			ámmunɔ̀			ámunuŋ
mountain, hill, stone	kúrɛ̀ʈ	kukúrɛ̀ʈ								widespread for ‘stone’. cf. Birgid kuur,
mountain, hill, stone	bɔ̀bɔ́rɔ̀t	kì-bóbóròt-ɪ̀		uɖumɪk	kuɖumɪk		uɖumɪk	kuɖumɪk	hill, mountain
mouth	íʈùk	k(w)úʈɪ̀n		úɖùk	kwúɖɪ̀ŋ		áɖùk	kwúɖɪ̀ŋ		cf. Murle otok, Bari kutuk, Maiak (+ most of Nilotic) ʈok, Fur ùtò,
much	ɛ́mbɛràn
much, very	keṭṭu
mud	ʈɔkiʈɛ̀ʈ	ʈɔk		ʈɔ̀k			ʈɔk
mud wall	kumáŋgál	kukumáŋgáli
mushroom							kɪɖéékɪɖàk	kɪɖɛ́ɛ́kɛ́
my maternal grandfather							áfa n-ánnà
my maternal grandfather							kwai n-ánnà
my paternal grandfather							áfa n-apa
my paternal grandfather							kwai n-apa
my paternal grandmother							ám n-apa
my sister	aranyuná nɔ̀ŋ nʈɛ́ púsùŋ				árɪŋà		arɪ́ŋà[ɪ] nɖálmɛ́
name	kàlɪ́n, kàlɪ́ŋ	pl. sometimes kikàlì		kalɪŋ			kalɪk			cf. Katcha ɛrɛ, Meidob eere, Lotuxo kari, Baka iri
narrow	kárianùk			éjɪnyɪlàʔ			amɪɗɪlàʔ
navel				kwúllɔ̀ʔ	kwúúllɔ́ʔ		kúllà	kugúllɛ̀ŋ
navel, prominent	sulúkuʈúk	kusulúkuʈúkì					surukurùk	kusurukurùk
near	ʈɪkáʔ			eɖɪkaʔ			kééɖikà
neck	ŋálòʔ	kɪŋóónɖɪ̀n		ŋálo	kɪŋáɖɖɪŋ		ŋálo	kɪŋáʈɪŋ		cf. Daju Shatt ŋase, Gaam ŋálg,
necklace	karɗòʔ nʈɛ olaʈ			kuurk kɪɖáá ɗaaɗarak			nyarɗaʔ
net for fish				kömɪk	köömɪk
new	n(ɗ)ɪ́ŋàn	kɪnɗɪ́ŋàn		aŋáŋ			áŋaŋ			cf. Shilluk ɲan, Gule gaŋas,
next year							áwuḍḍɛ̀ŋ
nice							áɗɗɪŋ
night	ʔjóón	kuʔjóónɪ̀k		ʔjúnì	koʔjúnì		ajunì			cf. Bagirmi njó
Nile monitor	nyɛ́màl	kɪnyɛ́malɪ̀k	Varanus niloticus
nine	ŋgɛʈúùn			keɗina[k] nya ááŋùŋ			jálɪ́gɪ̀ɗɛ̀
no	álaaŋ			asɛ		not
no	láʔ		< Arabic
nose	kɪ́mɪ́nʈɪ̀n	kɪkɪ́mɪ́nʈɪ́nì					kɪ́mɖɪ̀ŋ	kɪɖɪ́mɖɪ̀ŋ		cf. Tama àmɪt, Berta Undu àmʊ́ŋ, Lugbara umvú, Maiak umu,
nose				mámárɔ̀k	kɔ́marɛ̀k					cf. Kanga mɔrɔk, Daju Njalgul man-,
now	kááʈanì			alaʔŋ
oil							nyínyàʔ		Sg: bɪla nyínyàʔ. Pl: kɪnyínyàʔ
oil	ɗúúsì						bɪla nyínyàʔ	kɪnyínyàʔ
old (people)	ʈíí	kiṭííɔ		papá			áfaŋa
old (things)	rùn, nɗórùn	kɪnɗórùn		orɪŋ			asíù		= ‘bad’
one	kíɗɔŋ			kíɖɔ			kɪ́ɗɗe			cf. Uduk ɗe, Bagirmi kɛ́ɗɛ,
onion	marjɛlʈɛʈ	marjɛl	< Arabic basal
open	kɔ́ɖù	kɔ́ɗɔʈɔ̀		kɔ́ɖuɖu	kɔ́ɖuʈu		kwɔɗiʈú	kwɔɗiʈaɖá
ostrich	ʈɪ́mɔnɪ̀ʈ	kɪ́ʈɪmɔ̀n		ʈúɖɖumò	kúúʈumɪ̀k		ánɖumàŋ	kúnɖumɪ̀k	< Kadu
other	ńɗɔ̀	kɪʔja		ídə̀ŋ			ɪ́ɗɗèŋ			cf. So ɛdɛn, Gaam ɗààn, Dinka daŋ,
outside	ɛnɛ lááŋ
over, above	kɪ́rɪ̀ŋ			ullʷalɪŋ			ɪllɛ́r-
over, above	lúllò		cf. head
owl	ʔduuki	kuʔduuki
penis	ṭɪŋɪ̀n	kɪṭɪŋɪnì		ámmɔ̀r	káámmɔ̀r		ámurùk	kámurùk
pepper	ʃaṭṭa		< Arabic
pepper	filfil		< Arabic	ahɪlipɪliɖä̀k	ahɪlipɪl	< Arabic
perhaps	kaansurɛ
person				ɪɽáwɪrɪ̀ŋ	núúɽɪ̀ŋ
person	ɗéénì	nɛ́ɛ̀ʔ		írḍàŋ	nííḍàŋ	also nɛ̀ɛ̀ḍàŋ	áɗɛ̀ŋ	nɛ̀ɛ̀ʔ
pick up	àràmà	àràmàʈà
pick up in hand	amʈá	amʈáʈa
pierce				pɔ̀ɔ̀	pɔ̀ɔ̀ɖà
pig, domestic	kúʈùr	kùkúʈúrì		kúɖ(ɪ)rɪ̀k	kúúɖ(ɪ)rɪ̀k		kuɖurɪ̀k	kuguɖuríyàʔ
pig, wild	aʈapá	kaʈapá
pinch							kùù	kùùʈà
place	láàŋ	kɪ̀láánɖɪ̀k [or ʈ]		ɛllɪ̀ŋ	kɛllɪ̀ŋ		lɛɛk	kɪlɛɛk
play	álúgwànà	álúgwàʈànà		bɪ́lá	bɪ́láɖa		aláuʈanà	aláuʈanɛ̀
please	makì nʈóbàn	maʈákì ~	do good to
poison, venom	mɔ́rɔ̀ʔ			máraŋ			áluk		i.e. sing. of ‘root’ but applied to snakes etc.
poor	fɔgur		< Arabic
porcupine	mɛl	kimɛlɪk		màl	kɪmàlɪ̀k
pot	n(ɗ)úŋwà	kún(ɗ)úŋwà		ṭáɽɛ̀ʔ	kɪɽáɽɛ̀ʔ		aɗuáʔ	kuɗuáʔ
pot, water							kalálù	kuwálalù	cf. Sudan Arabic kalōl
pour	sɛɛrùk	sɛɛrɪʈùk		ahulnè	ahulaɖinè		ábbúlòu	ábbuloʈòu
pour libation	ʔbaalak	ʔbaalaʈak
pray	ílɔŋɔ̀	ílɔŋɔ̀ʈò	speak to
pray	kɛn ʔɖɛma	kɛn ʔɖɛmaʈa	ask help
pull	waràk	waraʈàk		ájjɪrì	ájjɪraɖài		ájjɪrì	ájjɪraɖà
punch							báɖì kɛ nánàk nɗɪ́ŋɪlà	báʈʈà kɛ nánàk nɗɪ́ŋɪlà
punish	báá	bááʈà	cf. hit
push	sɪ́pàk	sɪ́paʈàk		kuɖuhò	kuɖuhoɖò		sɛ́ŋɛrà	sɛ́ŋɛraɗà
put, place	ṭípɔ̀k	ṭípɔ́ʈɔ̀k		lumò	lumoɖò		áɗɪmà	áɗɪmaɖà
python	ɪ́ri, irí	kirí		ɪríí	kiiriʔ		ə́ri	kɪniə́ri
quick (eating)	saromsarom
quick (running)	kwolṭɪŋ
quickly	ásulá sákorɛʈ, sákorɛʈ						sɔ́ɔ́mɛ̀	kusɔ́ɔ́mɛ̀
rain, sky, God	náŋanàʈ			nók		not God	nók
rainbow	úlul	kùlúlɪ̀k					kafunɗɔ́lɪnyɔ̀ŋ
rainy season	waaʈɪn
ram	ṭúmpúlɔ̀ʔ	kuṭúmpúlɔ̀ʔ		ṭúgʷɔ̀ʔ	kúɽugʷɔ̀ʔ		ṭuŋwáʔ	kuɽuŋwɪ̀k	< Kadu
rat, brown							báákú	kubáákú
rat, mouse	ʈɛ́ɗɪŋ, ʈɪ́ɗɪŋ	kɪʈɪ́ɗɪŋ, kɪʈɛ́ɗɪŋ		ṭɛ́dɛ́ŋ	kɪɗɛ́dɛ́ŋ		ṭɛ́ɗɪ́ŋ	kɪ́ṭɛ́ɗɪ́ŋ
red	nʈɛ̀rɛ̀	kɪnʈɛ̀rɛ̀		örutwɛʔ			orbɛk		also orɛk archaic
remember	ɗoɗɪ́k	ɗoɗɪ́kiʈik
rest, breathe	áŋak	áŋaʈak
return here	kɪ́rɪ́ŋònìk	kɪ́rɪ́ŋàʈànài		ɗáŋŋanà	ɗáŋŋananà		ʈúsanà	ʈúsaɖanà
return there	kɪ́rɪ́ŋànàk	kɪ́rɪ́ŋàʈànàk
rib	kúrúkɔk	kùkúrúkɔkɪ̀		kɪ́ŋinɪ̀k	kɛ́ŋɪ́ŋ		kiniɖək	kɪ̀ŋ
rich	sɪ́l	kɪsɪ́loʔ								< Hill Nubian. lit ‘chief’
rifle, gun							almúnɖuŋ	kálmunɖuŋ
right hand	nínàʈ nʈɛ́ bɔ́kùn			ɛ́nnɛ̀k yáá lámàk			nánà[k] na lamàk		‘hand of food’
rise, go up	ŋɛ́ʈàk	ŋɛ́ʈaʈàk					ŋáʈarɪ̀ŋ	ŋáʈaʈarɪ̀ŋ
river	pɔ́kɪʈ	kɪpɔ́kiʈɪ̀n		súrɔ́ʔ	kusúrɔ́ʔ		kɪri
road				aro, arw	kɔ́rr		áro	kwárɪŋ		cf. Nandi ɔ̀ɔ̀r,
road	ɔ́nʈɪ̀ʈ	kɔ́nʈɪ̀n								? cf. So ôd,
roan antelope							kɔ́lloruk	kwɔ́llɛrɪ̀k
rock							rááràŋ	kɪrááràŋ
root				muréék	kumɔrɔ	vein, sinew
root, vein	kɪ́rɪkɪ̀rɪ̀ʈ	kɪrákɪràʔ		kɪ́rɪk	kɛ̂r		kíriɖàk	kírɪk	root, vein, sinew, tendon	Assuming the underlying root is –ri(k) this looks very much like Niger-Congo forms
rope	mɪ̀s	máà		lɔ̀l	kalɔ́l		lɔ̀k	kɔlány
rope hanging frame, net	sɛsɪlàŋ	sɛsɪlàŋì					lɔ̀kɔ̀k	kɪ́nílɔ̀kɔ̀k
rope, cattle							rók	kurók
round, spherical	ṭɔ́ŋkɔlɔŋanɛ̀n			oɗogoláʔ			kéŋɔrʈunà
rub, wipe	kurana	kuraʈana
run	kajaŋài	kajaŋaʈài		ráʈʈà	ráttaɖà		ráʈʈà	ráʈʈaɖà
sack, bag, waterskin	ṭúlúkɔ̀ʔ	kuṭúlúkɪ̀k		bɪlaɖɛ		< KK
sacrifice for dead							kɛ̀lɛ̀ŋ
sad, angry, sorry	pori
saliva							kùmùʔ
salt	sɛlɛlɪnʈɛʈ	sɛlɛlɛ		sɛlɪk			bɪlasɛlɛŋ	sɛlɛŋ	< Kadu N.B. bi- is a dim. prefix
same as	ɛ kɪ̀lí kɪnyàŋ		lit. ‘with their bodies’
sand	pɔ́kɪ̀ʈ	ɖ/ð	also river, valley	ʈɛnnɪ́k			ʈɛ́ŋ			cf. Mayak tiŋil
saw (v.)	ʔbɔʈɔka ɛ munʃáár		< Arabic
say	ilɛŋéì	ilɛŋɛ̀ʈéì		nyá	nyaɖáá		nyá	nyɛ́ʈá
scar	kɔ̀rànɛ́n
scar	súkurʈɛ̀ʈ	súkur, kusúkúrì
scorpion	nyínyɔ̀ŋ	kunyínyɔ̀ŋ		nányòŋ	kunányòŋ		nyúnyɔ̀ŋ	kinyúnyɔ̀ŋ
scratch (v.)	aŋgurana	aŋguraʈana
scrotum							kuêɛ̀rɪ̀ŋ
see	aŋkɪlɪ̀k	aŋkɪlàʈa	ŋk assimilates to ŋg							? Nubian Kadaru ŋɛl, Fur ögil,
see				pà	faɖa		fù	faaɖà
seed	ʈɛ́ɛ̀ʈɪ̀ʈ	ʈɛ́ɛ̀ʈ		ʈɔ́yoɖə̀k	ʈòyɔ́k		ʈééyɪɖàk	ʈééyàk		< Katcha ʈɔyɔ/na-
self	kɪ̀líʔ		body + reflexive pronoun
sell, buy	kɔ́lɔ́ʔbà	kɔ́lɔ́ʔbàʈà		kwɔ́kwɔ́labà		also ‘buy many things’
send	agɪlɪ́k	agɪlàʈàk
sesame							káfálaŋ	afóŋ na káfálaŋ
sesame							káfalɛɖàk	kiáfálàŋ
seven	kálákaròk			kwɔ́ŋuŋ nyɛɖanàʔ		4 + 3	àŋwàiɖànàʔ
sew	ranɗɪnà	ranɗɪnàʈà		ɗáɗɗarɖà	ɗáɗɗarʈà		áɗ[ɪ]rʈì	áɗɪrʈaɖà
sewing							áɗ(ɪ)rÿàk
shadow, spirit	ʔbɔ́ɔ̀	kuʔbɪ́ny, kuʔbɪ́ŋ		ɓáròʔ		cf. God	boro	kuboro
shake head sideways	pipiṭikɔ	pipiṭikɔʈɔ
sharp	aʈɛʔkɛ́ɛ̀ʔ		‘has teeth’	saiccók			aɖɛ kèèʔ		‘has teeth’
sharp	ṭɛlʈɛl						aicakarrà
shield							dáragà	kɪdáragà	< Arabic
shield	wór, wúr	kwòráʔ		ʈɔ́nɔ̀ŋ	kuɖɔ́ɔ́nɪk		láŋ	kɪ́laŋ	archaic word
shiver	ɔ́làk	ɔ́laʈàk
shoe							óɖuŋɪ̀k	kinyúnyɔ̀ŋ
shoot gun							ármà almùnɖù	ármaɖà kalmùnɖù
short	sɛ̀rɛ̀ʔ	kɪsɛ̀rɛ̀ʔ		oɗogoláʔ			anɖɪŋɪràʔ
shoulder	kɔ́kɔlɔŋɪ̀ʈ	kíkɔlɔ̀ŋ		mésawèk	kemésawàʔ		lɔfɔk	kulɔfɔk
shout	kugɪ̀k	kugwaʈà		kwáá
shout, weep	wujìk	wojoʈɔ̀k					ɗɔ́rɔnà	ɗɔ́rɔnaɖà
shut	yákà	yákaʈà		ɗɛ́kkɪrà	ɗɛ́kkɪràɖa		nyakɪɖà	nyakɪɗaɖà
sick	bòlébòlɪ́n, bùlɛ́bùlɛ́n	kùbòlá
side							rɛmɛ	kɪrɛmɛ
sieve grain	ulu	ulɔʈɔ
sing				ssö	ssöɖo
sing							síà	síaɖà
sister, his					arányanà		ɔrɔ́inà nɖálmɛ̀
sister, your					áranɔ̀		ɔráinù[y] nɖálmɛ̀
sit	ʈɛ̀nyù	ʈɛ̀ɲʈàʈù(k)								cf. Dinik ɗɛ̀n, Berta Fadashi doŋoʃ,
sit				kárpà	kárpaɖà		kárfulà	kárfulaɖà
six	sɛ́ŋkɛ̀ʈ, sáŋgàʈ		[or k not g]	kwɔ̀ɖenɪ̀ŋ			kɪɗenṭɪ̀ŋ
sixteen							ámù[k] fuɖɪ́ gɪ́ɖenṭɪ̀ŋ
skin, hide	laŋún	kɪlaŋúni		lanyɪ́k	kɪlanyáʔ	kɪlɛnyóʔ	lɛnya	kɪlɛnya
sky	náŋanàʈ			nók		also rain	arŋóóɖàk
slave	ɔɗɔn	desoʔ	also, stranger, enemy	aɗuŋ	kaɗuŋ		aɗɔŋ	kwɔɗɔŋ
sleep	rɔ́ŋɪnùk	rɔ́ŋɪnṭaʈùk		ḍáŋ(g)ɪrɔ̀	ḍáŋ(g)ɪrɔ̀ɖɔ̀		ṭáŋunù	ṭáŋanaɖù		cf. Dinik tuŋgùn, Surmic e.g. Didinga taŋu,
slowly	kɔ́nɔkɔnɔ́k
slowly	ŋɔ́nɔŋɔnɔ́k						ɗúccókwàì
small	nsɪ̀ɗɪ̀ɗì	kɪkɛ̀nɪ̀k		ímúḍókwàk	kɪ́mɪ́ḍɪ́ḍɪ̀k		ɗúccàì	ɗúccógwàì		? Katcha -ɪʈiʈi
smell something	ŋóŋulù	ŋóŋulaʈùk		ŋwáń	ŋwááɖa		ŋwei	ŋweiɖà
smell, smelly	ŋulaʈ
smoke	kɪ́ʈɪ́mùʔ, kúʈúmùʔ, kɪ́ɖɪ́mùk			kuɖúmmɔ̀ʔ			kuɖúmu			? Meidob kumédí if metathesis
smooth	ʔbulu ʔbulùs			ohólhollɪ̀k			nyifúlfullɪ̀k
snake	lólùk, lólòk	kɔ́lugɪ̀k, kɔ́logɪ̀k		lö́lùk	kóliʔ		laluk	kwólɪŋ		cf. Daju Shatt dɔl, Acholi twol, Gaam ɖö́ö́r, ? So dɛu
snap stick				pílà			fɪ́li	fɪ́lêaêà
sneeze	ɔ̀sak	ɔ̀saʈak			əssɪɖei	əssɪʈei
so	ʈiṭɔk
soft	nyírguʈnyirgùʈ						nyínyullunyullùk
soil				ʈabbàŋ	kɪ́ɖabbèk
son, boy	ɗál	kɪɗɛ́l					ɗák nɖáámàk	kɪɗɪŋ kɪnɖáámɪ̀ŋ
son, his							ɗá[k]nanɛ̀
son, my				ɗál ɛ́nnàŋ			ɗánnáŋ
son, your				ɗál ɛ́nnàŋ únnò			ɗánnɪ́ŋ
song	málàn	kumálánɪ̀		kɪsi	kɪsiik		kɪ̀sɪk
sour	ʈɪ́ɗɛ̀r			aɗàrr			àɗɛ̀ɛ̀rɪ̀k
speak	agɛʈa	agɛʈaʈa
speak	ílɛŋɛ̀	ílɔŋɔ̀ʈɔ̀
speak to	ílɔnɔ̀k	ílɔŋɔ̀ʈɔ̀k		ilɔ	ilɔɖɔ́ɔ́
spear	ṇsɔ̀	kɪn		káɽaʔ	kááɽàʔ		kaɽa	kiaɽa	? < Kadu
spear, barbed							sésɪ̀ŋ	kɪsésɪ̀ŋ
spider	óò ná kɔ́ŋàʔ	kwéèn kɪná kɔ́ŋà	lit. ‘dog of flies’	aráárək	—
spit	báá kɔmú	bááʈà kɔmú		sɪkɪɖane a kumúʔ	sɪkɪɖanádɪk a kumúʔ		ɖɪʈanɛ́ kumuʔ	ɖɪʈaʈanɛ́ kumuʔ	kumuʔ = saliva
spit	báʈɛ̀ kɔmú	báʈàʈà kɔmú
split	ɛʈɛka	ɛʈɛkaʈa
split	kɔ́rù	kɔ́ràʈà		kɔ́ru	kɔ́rɖù		kɔ́ru	kwɔ́rʈaʈà
spoon	lɛnsá	kɪlɛnsá		káɓu	kááɓuk
spread something out	farɪʃɔ	farɪʃɔʈɔ	< Arabic	ʈáppolo	ʈáppoloɖo
squeeze	nyúlà	nyúlàʈà
stab	ápì	ápaʈà		ákwuɖì	ákwuʈò		áfì	áfaɖà
stand	ilʈùk	ilʈɔʈɔ̀k		ʈɪ́gɪɖonò	ʈɪ́gɪʈonò		líɖù	líʈaɖù	stand, stop
star	ɗúlɪ̀ʈ	kuɗúlàʔ		kwuḍɪ́llɪ́ɖə̀k	kwuḍɪ́llllɪ̀ŋ		ɗúlɪ̀k	kuɗúlɪ̀ŋ		cf. Ik ɗɔ́ɫɛát,
steal	agulà	agulaʈà		ákwula	ákwulaɖà		ákwulì	ákwulaɖà
stem	bigur	kubiguri
stick							karṭábù	kɪgárṭabù
stick	ɗók	kwɔɗ(ɪg)ɪ́n		ɗók	koɗéŋ		ɗók	kwuɗɪŋ
stirring stick	pɪ́s	kɪ́pɪ́sɪ́n		pusɔŋ	kɪhísɛnɪ́k		fɪ́k	kɪ̀fíyàʔ
stone	kórɛ̀ʈ	kukórɛ̀ʈ		kúrɔ̀k	kúúrɔ̀k	also beads	kuràk	kuurak		cf. Tama kwʊ́ɽa, proto-Nilotic *kɔr, Dongolawi kúlu, Songhay guru ‘hill’, Malinke kulu, Heiben k-ɔl,
stop, cease	ʈɪlʈiʈɔ	ʈɪlʈiʈaʈɔ
story	ʈamunɗɛ́ɛ̀kà	kɪʈamunɗɛ́ɛ̀kà
straight	ʈɛ̀rʈɛ̀r, ʈɪ̀rʈɪ̀r			esɪjjɔraʔ			kɛʈʈwɪ́k
stranger, guest	ɔ́jɪ́lʈɛ̀ʈ	ɔ́jɪ́lì	[first letter may be ɛ according to notes]
stream, seasonal							ḍɛ̀k	kɪḍík	small sandy khor
string							lɔ̀[k] ɪŋjíjilaʔ
strong (of people)	bírʈù		< Hill Nubian				áêɛnyà
strong (of things)	kɪlákkɪlàŋ			nyàrɪ̀		dry, hard	nyɛkuṭákuṭàŋ
strong thing
strongly, quickly, harshly	koṭṭo
stupid	koʈikoli	kikoʈikoli
suck	ɛlɪk	ɛlaʈàk		jé’joɖà	jé’joʈà
suckle	ɛlákì	ɛlaʈákì		áli	álaɖá		ààlì	aalaɖà
sun	nónù, núnù			nö́nù			ŋáŋùʔ
swamp			ɗagi	kɪɗagi
sweat	sɪ́rɛnɛ́n			ilɔ	ilɔɖɔ́ɔ́
sweep	argwá	argwáʈà		kwúrɖà	kwúrʈà		kwurʈà	kwurʈaʈà
sweet	nɖɪ́ʔjì	kɪnɖɪ́ʔjì		aṭul			nyɪkɛ́ɗikɛɗɗɪ̀k
swell	yáì
swim	báá luɪ̀ny	báálà luɪ̀ny	also bááláál	lɪ́m(ɪ)ɖamuŋ	lɪ́m(ɪ)ʈámuŋ	? + water	bá ánɗɔ̀ŋ	bááʈá ánɗɔ̀ŋ	lit. hit swimming	cf. Tama baɽa, Daju Liguri ɓa(a)y, but these may be simply cognates of ‘hit, strike’
tail	rɪ́ŋgákɪs, rɪ́ɪ́ŋgɪ̀s	kɪrɪ́ŋgákàʔ	k ~ g	sábòŋ	kɪsáboŋàʔ		ṭákak	kɪɽákik
take	kɔ́mùk	kɔ́mɔʈɔ̀					kám	kámaɖei / ámuʈà
take away	àràmà	àràmàʈà		umweanɪ̀k
take away, hold	àràmù	àràmùʈà
take for oneself							sɛ́ŋ	sɛ́ɖei
tail	rɪ́ŋgákɪs, rɪ́ɪ́ŋgɪ̀s	kɪrɪ́ŋgákàʔ		sábòŋ	kɪsáboŋàʔ		ṭákak	kɪɽákik
talk, speak, tell	ílɔŋɔ̀k	ílɔŋɔ̀ʈɔ̀k					áɗafɖà	aɗúfʈaɖà
taste	jejɛmà	jejɛmàʈà		lapa			láfá	láfaáɖà	also try, test
tear (n.)	kɔ́manʈɛ̀ʈ	kɔ́mɔ̀ʔ		kɪɖáhòŋ			kɔ́màʔ
tear (v.)	swirà	swiraʈà		ásí, ásɪɗa	ásɪṭa		séréi	sérʈaɖà
tell story	ʔɖaʈak	ʔɖaʈakaʈak
ten	ŋgɛ́mmùk, kɛ́mmùk		[maybe k not g],	alanɪkì	alakɪnakà		àmɖáʈúk
termite	logwan	kologwani
termite	luganʈɛ̀ʈ	lugàn		ŋwɔ̀ŋ			áinanuàŋ	nuàŋ
termite, soldier							áwɛŋ
testicle	ṭorunyɪ̀ʈ	kɪṭorùny		ʈɛ́rɪŋìk	kɪ́ɖɛrɪ̀ŋ		ɗánakuɖɛ̀rɪ̀ŋ	kɪɗɗákuɖɛ̀rɪ̀ŋ	‘child of scrotum’
thank you	kɛ́ nʈóbàn		lit. ‘it is good’
that (far)	nɔnnɔ	kɪnɔnnɔ
that (far)	nʈɪgɪnɔɔnɔk	kɪnʈɪgɪnɔɔnɔk
that (near)	nɔ	kɪna
that (near)	nʈɪgɪnɔ	kɪnʈɪgɪna					nɛ̀	kɪnɛ̀
thatching grass				nyìk			nyìk
then	ìs(s)ún			ussʷɪŋ
there	nʈàkànà			ɔlonò			ánɔ́
they	nákàʈà			kɪnnáʔ			kɪnnáʔ
thick							ɗúrmà
thick	ḿbù						ḍúrru
thigh	kuṭuŋuṭùg	kuṭuŋuṭùgì		óhùʔ	kohunòʔ		afuk	kɪ́nɪŋafuk
thigh	ŋuṭuŋuṭúŋ	kuŋuṭuŋuṭúŋi
thin (people)	máŋanɛ̀n
thin (people, objects)	nyɪ́lɔŋàʔ			ejényelàʔ			ájijilàʔ	ájijilɪ̀k
thing	ʈɪ́lɔ̀ŋ	kɪ́ʈalɔŋ, kɪ́ʈɔlɔŋ					ɗía	lɛ́[k]
think	óòmɔ̀		+ verb particularly lɪ́pà, to look for, or ɗɪka, to find, see
thirsty, to be	nónù, núnù		+ verb ɔ́ʈù, to kill	nanáámùŋ		hunger for water	arámʈàʔ		thirst
thirty							ʈeaɗi kɛ kwáɖanàʔ
this	ni	kɪni					nì	kɪnɪ̀		cf. So nɪn, Tama ɪ́ŋ, Dinik nɛ̀, Gaam nɛ́ and mnay further probable cognates (or do demonstratives just look like this?)
this	nʈɪ̀gɪ̀nɪ̀	kɪnʈɪgɪni		aléì	alakè
thorn	nɔ́ŋonɪ̀ʈ	kɔ̀ník
thorn	núŋwanɪ̀ʈ	kwàník		nánɪ̀ŋ	kánɪ̀k		nánɪ̀ŋ	kíanɪ̀k
thou	nɪ́n			nɪ́ŋ			nɪ́ŋ			cf. Daju Sila ɪ́nɪŋ, Mursi nina, Pokot ɲíì, Songhay ni, Kanuri ɲi, Mangbetu íní. Incidentally, this looks like a pretty good isogloss for Nilo-Saharan (Niger-Congo has the same for 1st person sg.)
three	kwɔ́ʈanáʔ			kwɔ́ɖanàʔ			kwáɖaŋàʔ			cf. Tulishi -ɛɖɔna, Gaam ɔ́tɔ́, Berta Malkan odo, Maiak ɗö́k, as all West Nilotic
throat							kíro	kííro
throw	ɔpurú	ɔpurɔ́ʈù		árɔma	árɔmad
ɖà	= ‘shoot’	ármà	ármaɖà
throw towards				ɔ́rɔmai	ɔ́rɔmaɖài
throwing knife	wuʈal	kuwuʈali
thumb							ɗánanánàk ɗúrmà	kɪɗágɛ́ŋ ɗúrmà
thunder	koʈujɪ̀n ná náŋanàʈ		‘shouting of sky’	nók ʈɪbaʈanɛ		‘sky struck’
thus, so	gi
thus, so	nʈɔga			aləɓɓí
thus, so	nyagá
tie	ɛ́mbɛ̀là	ɛ́mbɛ̀làʈà		ámmalà	ámmalaɖà		amɛmɛlà	amɛleɖà
time, place	láàŋ
today	kááʈanì			nɪmɪnà			ánnamanɪ̀ŋ
together, be	ana, ɔnɔ
together, with	ɛʈɛ, ɛ
tomorrow	isááʈɪ̀n			lɛ́bɪrɖä̀			ásɪɖɪ̀ŋ
tongue	mɛ́nɖɪnyàʈ	kɪmɛ́nɖɪnyàʈ		ŋáḍɪmàk	kɪŋáḍɪmàk		kɛ́ɗɛmàk	kɛ́ɛ́ɗɛmàk		cf. Songhay dèènè. Possibly widespread cognacy with metathesised forms e.g. Dongolawi nɛ́d, Bari ŋɛ́dɛ́p, Uduk aled, Lendu ledà. Alternatively a loan from a lost Niger-Congo language. Cf. Defaka mɛnduɔ, Bedik i-ɗem, Proto-Gbaya *lembe und so weiter
tooth	awɪ̀s	kɛ́ɛ̀ʔ		iyɪ́k	sɛʔ		áyàk	kèèʔ
touch	ɔ̀lák	ɔ̀láʈak
tree	mɛ́rɛŋɪ̀s	mɛ́rɛŋ		ɓòʔ	kùɓwɛ̀ŋ	< kùɓòɛ̀ŋ	bɔ́ɔ́rɪ̀ŋ	kuɓɪŋ
tribe	nɛ́ɛ̀ʔ kiná kurɛ̀ʈ		‘people of hill’				kwuêùŋ
true	jɪ́rjɪ̀r
turn	welak	welaʈak
turn something	ɲiʈà	ɲiʈàʈà		kwáʈalarɪ̀ŋ			fállanyà	fállanyaɖà
turtle				káɗáʔ	kááɗáʔ
turtle				abugaɖom	kabugaɖom	< Arabic abūgadaḥ
twenty							ʈeaɗi
twenty-one							ʈeaḍi gɪ́ḍḍe
twin	ɗál nʈɛ ɗulɔ̀n	kɪɗɛ́l nʈɛ ɗulɔ̀n		kuŋwúlɪɖä̀l	koŋól		kulɔŋɔŋ
two	károkwɛ			káro			káro
udder							nyúŋ	kɪnɪnyúŋ
under	aʈak			ʈuhalɪŋ			ɪlléle-
untie							ŋwúlɖì	ŋwúlʈaɖà
up	kɪrɪŋ			aɗɗárɪŋ			ɪllɛ́r- (?)
upper grindstone for grain							ḍá[k] ḍɪ́mɪ́k	kɪɖɪŋ na ḍɪ́mɪ́k
upper lip	íʈùk nɖɛɛrɪ̀ŋ			lanyɪ́k ya ullwalɪŋ			áɖù[k] ɪllélewòk
urinate				ábiɖa	ábitə		ábbiʈa	ábiɖɖa
urine	kɪbɔ́lɔ̀ʔ			kibö́lɔ̀ʔ			kibélàʔ
valley, seasonal stream	pɔ́kɪʈ
vein, tree root	kɪ́rɪkɪ̀rɪ̀ʈ	kɪrákɪràʔ					kibélàʔ
very	koṭṭu
village	ɪ́lɛ̀		< Arabic ḥil قروى	alhɪlli		< Arabic ḥil
village	kwíìʔ		lit. houses				kwùêùŋ		also ‘tribe’
voice	ŋálòʔ	kɪŋóónɖɪ̀n		alleɖà	alleʈà
vomit	káṭakà	káṭakaʈà					alleɖì	alliʈaɖà
vulture	sɪ́bɪ̀r	kɪsɪ́bɪ́rì		kúnnɛ̀k	kúnnɔŋ		kʷósolò	kʷóósolò
vulva, vagina	ììr	kììrɪ̀k		ìr	kììr		árɪ̀k	kɪ́rɪ̀k
wait	ùnjɪli	ùnjɪlaʈa
wake someone	furuŋai	furuŋɪnʈɔʈai
walk	wírɔ̀k	wírɔ̀ʈɔ̀k		ŋwùrò	ŋwùròɖò		ɪņɖá k-ɛ́llù
walk	wúrɔ̀k	wúrɔ̀ʈɔ̀k
want, look for	lɪ́pà	lɪ́pàʈà		ɔh(w)ài		‘I want’	anyɛ́		‘I want, like’
war, quarrel							ŋɔ́rbɔ́k
warm, hot	wááraŋ			arráŋ			aaraŋ
warrior	ɖéénì nʈɛ bɪrʈùk	nɛ́ɛ̀ʔ nʈɛ́ kɪbɪ̀rʈùk	< Hill Nubian				fáárɪ̀s		< Arabic
wash (self), bathe	ɔ́ʔbɔ̀	ɔ́ʔbɔ̀ʈɔ̀		ɛ́bɛnà			abenà	abeêanà
wash something	weʈí	weʈaʈà		ŋwóɖà			kwúʈì	kwúʈaɖà
watch, guard, care for	áŋkɪlʈi	áŋkɪlʈaʈà
water	múŋ			imúŋ, umúŋ			amuŋ
water lizard							mányálɪ̀k	kɪmányáliyàʔ
water-rat							ámmɛ̀	kúmmɛ̀
we (dual)	sák
we (excl.)	káʈ			kák			kák
we (incl.)	sasák, sásàk			kasák			kalásɪk
weak, thin	nyɔ́nyɔ̀ʔ
wear	iyú	iyáʈú
well	pɔ́ɔ̀	kupɪ́n [or ɪ for the u]		fɔ́ʔ	kupɛ́ŋ		fɔ́k	kufɪ́ŋ
wet	nʈwì			nyɪlɛ			kɪnyálkaɖàk
what?	ŋɛ́, ŋiɛ́ɛ́			ŋei			ŋɛʔ
when?	láàŋɛ́		? < láàŋ ‘place, time’ + ŋɛ́ ‘what’	láánɪ̀k			áwei
where?	kʷóó, ʔbóó			mme			wááʈɪkà
which?	nɛ̀nɛ̀, nɛ̀ɛ̀n	kɪnɛ̀ɛ̀n
white	ṇṭɪ̀ṭɪ̀k	kɪ́ṇṭɪṭɪ̀k		ɛɽɛɽɛ̀k	kɛɽɛɽɛ̀k	ɽ ~ ʈ	áṇɗəɽɪ̀k
white man							áḍɛ̀ŋ ánḍəɽɪ̀k	nɛ̀ɛ̀ʔ kɪ́nḍəɽɪ̀k
who?	ŋáni	ŋáninʈ	[no faith in this]	ŋanɛ́			ánnɪ́ŋ
why?	kɔ́ɔ́			áɓei
wide	ɗwìrɗwìr			ihallâʔ			áfalɛŋà
wife, his							nɪmɛ́nna
wife, his				irɛ́nnwà			nɪmɛ́nna
wife, my				irɛ́nnàŋ			nɪmɛ́nnáŋ
wife, your				irɛ́nnɔ̀			nɪmɛ́nnɪ́ŋ
wind	ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ	kɔ́púŋɪ̀k		ʈurrí			ʈúrí
windstorm	ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ ḿbù
wing	lúpɔkɪ̀ʈ	kulupókàʔ		kapä́lɛɖàk	káápalàk
witch							aḍéŋ n-áwuɖàk	nɪ́ŋi n áwuɖàk
witchcraft							áwuɖàk
wobbling							ɔrrɛ̀k
woman							áɖɛŋ nɖalmɛ̀	nɛ̀ɛ̀ kɪnɖólɪ̀k
woman	lɪ́kámɛ̀ʔ	lúgɪ̀ʈ	g ~ k	ír dànàmɛ̀ʔ	nuɖóllɪ̀k		nɪ̀mɛ̀ʔ	nɪŋ ɖólɪ̀k
word	lɔ́ŋɔʈ	kɪlɔ́ŋɔʈ		ilä́k	kilä́k		kɪmɛ́sɛnɪk	kɪmɛ́sɛ́niyaʔ
work	ágɪ́làʈ			lógwɔ̀ʔ	kulógwɛ̀ŋ		lúŋɔ̀	kulúŋɔ̀
work v.							amʈá lúŋɔ̀	amʈaɖá lúŋɔ̀
worm	ɛ́jɛ́mɪ̀ʈ	kɪ́jɔmɔ̀
write	kɪ́ʈɪ́bɔ̀	kɪ́ʈɪ́bɔ̀ʈà	< Arabic
yawn	amáì	mɪnʈaʈà		ámmɪɖèi	ámaaɖài		ama	amoɖà
year	sɪnɛ̀ʔ	kɪsinɛ̀ʔ	< Arabic	áɖɖɪ̀ŋ	kisɛ́ɖɖɪ̀ŋ		nóóɖàk	konóóɖàk
yellow				aafɪ̀r			afurunyàʔ
yes	áu			íyo
yesterday	néégì			áárɪ̀ŋ			áárɛ̀
yonder							[ɪ]nɖonɛ̀	kɪnɖo kɪnɛ̀
yonder							áêɔnnɔ́
you pl.	kɪ́ʈ			kík			kík
young girl				nyírɖä̀k	nyárɛ́
young person	kɛmbɛrʈɛ̀ʈ	kikɛmbɛrɛ		ɗál iɖáʔ ʈáɖumo		ʈáɖumo < Kadu

References

• Blench, Roger. 2006. Comparative Temein wordlists.